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l g WINTER DRYING Coniferous trees such as Pine, Spruce and Cedar keep their leaves (needles) year round. As a result, these trees tend to retain water well. The leaves have a thick waxy coating to reduce water loss, and the water control cells are very well developed. Despite these adaptations, in a period of intense dryness (winter). conifers occasionally suffer from severe moisture loss. White Cedar is particularly susceptible. Unseasonably warm and sunny winter days fool the tree into beginning the process of food production (photosynthesis). Considerable amounts of water are released from the leaves in this process. As the leaves are releasing water, the plant is trying to replace the lost water. Soil water is generally frozen in the winter and therefore inaccessible to the trees. The leaves release all their water, dry out and eventually die. Although affected areas of the trees (generally the south side where sun exposure is more intense) look terrible, no real harm has been done to the tree. The dead needles will fall off and the tree will continue to grow . This is a natural condition and there are no control measures that can be taken. CEDAR LEAF MINER The cedar leaf miner is a small insect which hollows out the green portion of the needles on Eastern White Cedars. The insect is most destructive in the larval stage as a small caterpillar. "The adult lays eggs on the branch tips between mid June and mid July. When these eggs hatch, the larvae begin to feed on the outside branches and slowly work their way to the centre of the tree. The larvae feed for most of the summer then spend the winter in the "mines" they have created. In the spring they mature into adults and the process begins again. The occurrence of leaf miner is cyclical, and we are now experiencing a rather high level of infestation. This will begin to decline in the next few years. Trees that have been infested for 3 or 4 years may die, but most will live. Chemical control is an option on a small scale. Yard trees can be protected by applying a systematic insecticide such as dimethoate (Cygon) in early May or in late August. This application will reduce the numbers of insects and help limit tree damage. These episodes of cedar leaf miner and winter drying will slow the rate of tree growth. This will only be temporary as the effects of the cedar leaf miner decrease in the years to come. Trees may die in areas that have been affected for two or three years. This article has been presented by the Brockville District of the Ministry of Natural Resources. If you have any questions on this or any other Forestry related topic, contact the District office nearest you. NOW! WHAT‘S IT GOING TO COST ME? Part 2 by Garry W. Beckman (3) COMMISSIONS â€" When one buys or sells equity investments, such as stocks (common or preferred shares of publicyâ€"traded companies), warrants, or options, a commission (fee) is incurred. A rule of thumb is that the higher the share price and the higher the volume of shares that you buy or sell, the lesser the transaction cost on a per share basis. During the past five years in Canada there has been regulatory and competitive activity that has led to the reduction of fixed commission structures in equity markets. "Cost-discounter" financial institutions, as I refer to them, have established a rightful presence in the industry. However, do not confuse soâ€"called "discounting" of commissions or fees of investment transactions with discount pricing discussed in paragraph (2). Discounters of brokerage commissions could be thought of as a form of selfâ€"service marketers offering cut-rate costs for transactions. In essence, a very basic service to the investor is provided at a cost that undercuts the traditional, established marketplace. Simply put, it's the closest an investor can get to the "we can get it for you wholesale" practice. Enhanced or additional services necessitate added costs to the investor. There are many variations of the costing of services that customers require. However, the three basic methods that have been discussed in this article should provide you with some additional information to encourage you to explore and to expand your investment horizons. Investor costs will be basically one of either a finder's fee, a discount price offering, or a commission. Don't allow puzzlement over costs to hinder you from participating in a marketplace that is full of suitable, quality financial products that could meet your investment needs. Ask your Financial Advisor to explain any question that you have with respect to any direct or indirect costs associated with your investment transactions. I like to bear in mind that the low cost of a poor investment is usually very (Garry W. Beckman is a Financial Advisor with Midland Walwyn Capital Inc., Ottawa branch, at 1-800-267-9345. He serves residents of the Rideau Lakes.) JULY/AUGUST 1990 MRTH LEEDS LANTERN 27 PESTICIDE CHANGES FOR .1990 By, M, Pollock New regulations on the storage, transportation and use of pesticides became effective at the beginning of April, 1990. Storage 1. Pesticides must be stored in such a manner that they will not come into contact with food or drink intended for human or animal consumption. 2. Pesticides must be stoze< so that they will not be harmful to any person or animal. 3. Pesticides must be Stored so that they will not contaminate each other or the natural environment. h. A warning Sign must be posted at the entrance of the storage area - "CHEMICAL STORAGE WARNING â€" AUTHORIZED PERSONS ONLY‘ 5. Post a list of emergency phone numbers including those Of the local fire department, hospital and poison control centre. 6. Storage area must be ventilated to the outside. 7. Litivriim' unit mun? Lo lockable. 8. Storage area cannot have a finer drain that leads into or drains directly or indirectly into a storm sewer, septic system or watercourse. 9. Must have adequate protective clothing and respiratory equipment available for emergency purposes. Posting of Signs: For producers with Pickâ€"Yourâ€"Own operations, where the public is inVLted in, the producer must post u Sign at least 2h hours prior to the application of pesticides, it must remain in place for three days afterward and then can be taken down. More details are available from the O.H.A.F. office or Ministry of Environment (SRQ-ROOO). ACTIVATED CARBON TRACTOR CAB FILTERS FOR PESTICIDE OR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL USE For those on the recent Grower Pesticide Safety Courscs held in the county, reference was made to an activated carbon cab filter. A Canadian source for them has been found. Huron Tractor in Exeter, Ontario, stocks filters for all makes of tractors. The cost for the complete kit, that fits over the conventional filters, is $260.00. The carbon filter portion should be replaced approximately once per year (depending on use) at a cost of $h5.00. The filters are also useful when spreading manure. For more information or to order, contact: Gary Sararas, Parts Manager, Huron Tractor, 305 Main St., Excter, Ontario NOM 183. (519) 235â€"1ll) CONSERVATION AUTHORITY RIDEAU VALLEY N EWS SHEET Juno 14, 1990 CONSERVATION AUTHORITY PUTS DOWN ROOTS Another spring tree planting has been completed by the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority. From April 27th to May 25th, the foresters at the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority were busy. This year 163,000 trees were planted on private land throughout Goulbourn, North Burgess, and Montague Townships. Eightyâ€"one and a half acres were covered with those promising seedlings while an additional 33,000 trees were replanted where previous plantings did not hold. Marginal land and abandoned farmland are on their way to becoming productive once again. Reforestation has many environmental benefits including 5011 protection, habitat creation, and flood reduction. The RVCA and the Private Lands Forestry Assistance Program promotes the future well-being of the environmental through cooperative work with local landowners. The RVCA offers personal guidance and assistance to landowners interested in planting trees on at least 5 acres of land. Yes, you read right, these are government trees going on pglvgge lung. Under the Private Lands Forestry Assistance Program, the landowner and Authority enter into a fifteen year management agreement. The landowners is responsible to pay the subsidized cost of the seedlings and to protect the plantation or woodlot. The Authority will then prepare the site, plant the trees, tend and improve the woodlot as required. The trees cost ten cents each. Pine, cedar, tamarack, and white spruce are planted depending on the soil characteristics. The toresters survey the land and test the soil to determine which tree is suitable for the potential woodlot. The seedlings are planted for the landowner by professional planters who are hired by the Authority. Participation has grown as landowners are becoming increasingly concerned with the environment. On May 12th the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority celebrated the planting of the one millionth tree under this program. The RVCA foresters are currently surveying potential sites for next year's planting. All sites are prepared a year prior to actual planting. Interested landowners should Contact the Conservation Authority's forester at 692-3571 or 1-800-267â€"3504 (613 toll free) for more information. -30â€" HORB INFORHATION: olesia Van Dyke, R.P.F. Private Lands Forester Rideau Valley Conservation Authority 692-3571 or 1-800-267-3504 (613 toll free) RIDEAU VALLEV (JON‘~ 1 ION All! MONTY Agricultural Representative