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THURSDAY, MARCH 17, 1938 NEWS AND INFORMATION FOR THE BUSY FARMER (Furnished by the Ontario Department of Agriculture) Rural Population During the past 'increase in population in 'Ontario has been chiefly in the category de-! tyre is negilible when In 1871 the urban spopulation numbered 356,000 and rural population 1,265,000 or 78 per cent of the total. In 1931 the urban population had in--2,096,000, but the rural population was only 1,836,000 or 139 per cent of the total. The number of occupied farms in the same sixty years showed an in- crease from 172,000 to 192,000 while the size of the average farm rose from 93.8 acres to 118.9. These two «changes indicate a decrease in the size of the farm family and an in- crease in the total area of occupied land from 16,162,000 acres to 22,841,- 000 acres. The area improved, how- ever, showed a much greater per- centage gain, rising from 8,834,000 acres to 13,273,000. T./B. AREAS FOR ONTARIO Ontario farmers are becoming increasingly conscious of the neces- sity of eliminating bovine tubercu- losis from their herds. A few years ago there' was open hostility in many counties to 'the restricted area plan fostered by Ontario and Fe- «beral Governments, but this opposi- tion has gradually been swept away until now there are {fifteen counties in Ontario in the restricted area list, (Grey, Simcoe, Lanark, Victoria and Peterborough counties have signed up for tests while petitions are being circulated 'in Lennox, and Addington, Hastings, Wentworth, Norfolk, Rainy River, (Lincoln, Es- sex, Welland and {Bruce. Following educational meetings int Oxford county, petitions are be- ing signed rapidly; a complete can- vass is being made in Middlesex. Brant county held a meeting last week to discuss application to coun- ty council to havie Brand made a T. :signated urban. B. Restricted Area. Haldimand County Council has asked the Live Stock Improvement committee to hold meétings and cation forms. Two meetings 'have been held in Elgin county, one at Port Burwell, the other at Aylmer. Mr. F. S. Thomas, agricultural representative is in charge of thie campaign for in- structing farmers about the plan. The western part of the county will be canvassed later. Walerloo county is proceeding early next; month to have cattle owners canvas- sed. distribute appli- | REFORESTATION Planting or Natural Reproduction By I. C. Marritt There has been an intense ir- terest in conservation -and refores- tation the past ttwo years in South- ern Ontario. It is realized by many thinking people that too great a percentage of tie land has been cleared in the fine agricultural sec- tions, but there are many thousands acres of sub-marginal lands that are growing practically nothing of value, but fair financial returns would be received if trees were growing. Much of this poor land has to be planted as there are no seed trees. | Floods are liable to occur cn many of the rivers and creeks, wells and springs go dry, and winds have an open sweap, thus making it more difficult to grow agricultural crops. Reforestation is a necessity in Ontario. The method and the agency 'that should do the work should be determined. Many Shink only of planting when reforestation is mentioned. They do not realize that reforestatiornn includes natural reproduction. 'An: area can be re- forested maturally if there are 'rees growing on or adjacent to the area that is to be reforested. Tree seeds ripen on the tree and fall to tte ground. Some of these germinate and a small tree has started to grow It will grow into a large tree if it is protected from stock and fire, and if it survives the competition of sixty years the other trees. ! {The cost of reforestation by na- compared to planting. The cost to the farmer is the loss of pasture and the fence to keep the stock out. Planting in- cludes tirese and also nursery and planting costs. Another advantage of natural seeding is that it is more sure. This is especially true of poor sites. Trees will start and grow well on shallow soils, while it is very difficult to secure. a stand by planting. Deciduous trees require fairly close spacing (8-4 feet) and the cost of planting at this spacing is very high. An advantage of planting over natural reproduction is that only valuable species may be grown, while the valuable and weed species grow in the woods that reproduces from seed. The reproduction of the valuable species in a woods can be secured by removing the weed trees and leaving the more valuable to seed up tthe open places. The more valuable species would also be fa- voured in thinnings. Many tree (seeds blown around last {fall the winter. seed fell and were and during 'Other species will have ripening in early summer. Many of these seeds will germinate | into trees if| the field is protected from fire and] and they would grow stock. | Farmers who are fortunate to have woodland on the farm should plan to do their part in reforestation by fencing at least from 'Many have only a few acres left and they think that it is hardly worth- while. But even an acre of woodland will help in controlling floods, and will be a reservoir that will help to keep water in springs and reservoir. PREPARING REPORT MILK COST PRODUCTION (Carried on jointly by the Econo- mics Branch, Dominion Department of Agriculture, (Ottawa, and the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, the technical work of the Farm Management and Milk Cost Project is being promoted as rapidly as possible. This study was initia- ted by the organized milk producers of Ontario and was made possible by the co-operation of 1,673 far- mers located in all the agricultural sections of Ontario. These farmers kept complete records of their farm business for the year ending July 1, 1937. The field staff visited each co-operator to assist n keéping the records, and again, at the year end, to check all details and to make sure that the accounts were com- plete. Eight hundred completed farm accounts have been received at the Ottawa office, and a representative group of completed account records has been secured from practically every County of Old Ontario, along with several records from producers who sell to the whole milk markets of Northern Ontario towns and cities. The field staff (began to collect records in July, 1937, and completed the task in January, 1938. The farm account records which have been assembled, provide de- tailed information relative to milk production costs, along 'with a com- plete statement concerning the re- ceipts and expenses of the whole farm business. It will be possible, for this reason, to (prepare a report concerning milk production costs in all localities and for all types of markets and, also to present a full statement relative. to the success or oti-erwise, of the whole dairy farm- ing business on each farm. The farm management phases of the study will provide information relating to production yields per unit and will be particularly valuable as an aid to dairymen in increasing the net revenue of their farms. PASE IEIEI III 00 PRIVATE HOSPITAL Licensed Private Maternity Hospital Babies' Maintenance. 62 Rideau Terrace, Ottawa P1May1938 %00%4% 6%4%6% 6% 420.4% 4% +70 +0 0% +%0 +20 0% %0s%0 s%0 +70 c "04% ¥os% Seeds desealeslaalecledelece sleds ilelelecleledleslocleclocloclects op dodrlinlocodniolood NO HIGHER A QUIET, WELL CONDUCTED, CONVENIENT, MODERN 100 ROOM HOTEL --85 WITH BATH WRITE FOR FOLDER TAKE A DE LUXE TAXI FROM DEPOT OR WHARF ---25¢ CRANKMIRE ON CREEDS Speaking, of creeds, old - Crankmire said: "We'll know the truth when we are dead But I'd prefer no creed at all Than one established as a wall To bar one friend whoe'er he be From dropping in to visit me. "I have preferred, and well I ought, The teachings which my mother taught, : But I am glad she didn't say 'From all who differ turn away! Within the limits of this creed Dwell all the friends you'll ever need. "I should have hated her, if she Built such a towering wall round me And cut me off from friendships rare Which grace religions everywhere. If I could not spend my whole life through With 'Cat olic, Protestant or Jew. "No single group, how fine it be, Could narrow down this life for me. Out of all creeds our friendships grow And I am glad that this is so; (Nad that no churé¢h can draw a line "Twixt me and any friend of mine." Two London cabmen were glaring at each other. "Aw," what's the matter with you?" demanded one. "Nothing's the matter with me." "You gave me a masty look" per- sisted the first. "Well," responded the other, "now that you mention it, you cer- tainly have a nasty look but I didn't give it to you." stock. | A HEALTH SERVICE OF THE CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND LIFE MMSURANCE COMPANIES IM CANADA POSTURE The upright position has many advantages but, unfortunately, there are persons who, for one reason or another, have developed such poor posture as to be handicapped in life. | To a considerable extent, good | posture reflects good health, and | when conditions are such as foin-| terfere with good posture, it is no | exaggeration to say that such con- | ditions are likely unhealthy. The child who spends many hours | each day at a sd.ool desk which is too low for him amd which thus forces him to slouch down to use his desk is likely to have stooped shoul- ders. We might say that while this | situation can be dealt with by hav- | ing at least two or three sizes of | desks, in no case should the school] child" be kept sitting for long! periods. Long periods of sitting | lead to a weariness which is expres- sed in drooping shoulders. The posture of women has im- proved since they have given up the garments whid: were used to con- | strict the figure. At the same time, women have relieved themselves of the burden of innumerable superflu- | ous garments. Poor posture is often the result! of dill-fitted shoes. Feet vary in| size, shape and position. That is why care should be taken to fit the shoe to tie foot rather than to at- tempt to mould the foot to the shoe. Good posture promotes geod health because it allows for the or gans of the body to function in their normal position, whereas poor pos- ture may constrict and limit action while pressing organs out 6f their normal place in the body. 'Good posture is a personal asset | in that it gives to the person 2 | sense of well-being and comfort, | and a certain desirable assurance. Good posture will not solve the health problems of the world, but it will help to prevent some of the ills which afflict mankind. Healthy muscles, well-built from | proper food and kept strong] through exercise are essential to | hold the body in good postion. | Weak muscles cause slouching shoulders and protruding abdomens, with narrow chests. Good food, a reasonable amount of exercise and sufficient rest, to- gether with proper clothing, pro- mote good posture and good heal:h. Questions concerning Health, ad- dressed to the Canadian Medical As- sociation, 184 College Street, Toron- to, will be answered personally by letter. | | | | | | PRISON SUNDAY Religion in Canadian Prisons According to The Salvation Army, an organization that has had great experience in dealing with law breakers--there is no factor in the permanent reformation of a criminal so powerful as the effects of reli- gion, so it is to the spiritual nature of the prisoner that the Salvationist most urgently appeals. Thus on Sun- day, March 20th, The Salvation Army throuhout the [Dominion will ~ave its annual "Prison Sunday." Through the co-operation of War-| dens and Chaplains The Salvation Army will conduct religious ser- vices in all penal and reformatory | institutions. In many prisons Sal-| vation Army bands and singing bri- gades will assist in these services. Dr. Lavell, noted penologist, au- | thor of "The Convicted Criminal] and His [Re-establishment" says: | "There are criminals that all except | the church and The Salvation Army might as well give up......... But most fellows convicted are quite capable of rehabilitation." Governmental reports show that prison authorities freely acknowledge the 'practical re- sults of religion on prison reform as will be seen by the following: "On a religious conception of the entire prison problem, real prison reform must be based. [It is a re- cognized fact that in order to se- cure a rebuilding and satisfactory reconstruction of the inmate's character i-is heart must be reach- ed." : i "Salvation Army 'Officers visited the 'prison on the last Sunday of each month and their presence and organized song-services were much appreciated by, and of great benefit to the inmates who attended." Let us hope that in this "Prison Sunday" services many thieves will look at Christ and become penitent. A GOOD IDEA (Bowmanville Statesmen) Orillia, along with the rest of. Om- tario, has been suffering from a minor business recession. Orillia merchants however, were not con- tent to sit back and wait for busi- ness to stage a come-back. Seven- ty-two of them banded together and put on a great Co-operative Sale, for mine days. Because it was co- operative and the merchants entered into it with a will it was an out- standing success, the Orillia Packet- Times agreeing it was one of the outstanding shopping events in years. The prisoner had just been ¢on- victed of being drunk and disorderly and at tlhe particular moment, the elderly magistrate, feeling a draught from the back of the bench, put on his skull cap. "Blimey," came a hoarse female voice from the back of the court, e 7, ain't going to 'ang ole Bill, is TY dud ' NEW CATTLE CLASS FOR NEXT ROYAL WINTER FAIR A new class for Market Cattle, which will, it is believed, begin a new trend in the exhibition of farm stock in Canada, is to be introduced at the mext Royal Winter Fair in November. The exhibits must consist of ten polled or dehorned steers, weighing | not more than 1,000 pounds each, and among which uniformity in the weights of individuals will be a scoring point. The cattle may be grade, cross- bred, or purebred, but of the same breed type all through. They must have been owned by the exhibitor for fully sixty days before the Royal Winter Fair. They shall not be eligible for entry in any other «lass and must be sold at 'public auction during the Fair. Five money prizes are offered, ranging from $150 down to $50. VESTIBULES OF HEAVEN The country needs good homes; not boarding-houses or headquarters | where a mzil and laundry are de livered, but homes that are whut they should be--vestibules of hea- ven. As much as it needs an army and a navy, says Howard Gist, does this country need homes and home- makers. As much as it neads a police force, a fire department, a church, and a schoo! in every town hl Cees the country need homes. The youthful bandit, the wayward | girl, the lawbreaker, the divorce | court, and a hundred evils may be | traced to a home where there was | no moral background, no conception of t' ings as they should be. People are fond of fine homes. Not so many try to build a home. It requires more than four walls, and a few articles of furniture to make a home, A house of fifty rooms may be the annex of hell. A house of four rooms may be the entry- way of heaven. Homemakers are nation builders. The country seems safer because of these folk. But, alas, many are not homemakers. They are Tome break- ers. There is the father who is never a companion to his children, who seldom speaks a kind home, and the wife or mother who boasts that ste "despises house- work" -- they are weakening the foundations of our civilization. A thousand times happy is that home where there is a complete un- derstanding between the various members; where the principle of "each for all, all for each," is never allowed to die; where the latch- string is always on the outside, and where the troubled may come for a warm welcome and helpful counsel. From such a home radiates a whole- some influence that permeates the entire community. That home is a beacon light for the weary. Its homemakers are the home of the nation. word at INVENTOR OF MACADAMIZED ROADS Moe civilized world has become familiar with "macadamizeéd" roads, but it is doubtful if many of the millions who use them know the origin of the term. John Loudon McAdam, pioneer of road-makiny, was born at Ayr, in 1756. He died at 'Moffat in 1836. His father was a local landowner and banker in Ayr. At the age of fourteen he joined an uncle in busi- ness in New York, and did not re- turn to [Scotland until 1783. There- after for fifteen years, he served as Deputy Lieutenant for the County | of Ayr, devoting much attention to the improvement of local roads. Subsequently he removed to Fal- mouth, where he was concerned in the victualing of the navy, though he also made a hobby of studying roads in that part of England. In 1816 -e was appointed surveyor or the Bristol Turnpike Trust and a vear later demonstrated his system of road construction in London. This system wags based upon the prinicple that, with proper drainage, broken stone of suitable size can be laid on the natural sub-soil, thus eliminat- ing the expensive stone-paved foun- dation previously considered neces- sary. A HAPPY THOUGHT (Amherstburg Echo) Governments all the way down from Federal to Municipal should advertise more, in the opinion of William E. Mosher, director of the School of Citizenship and Public Af- fairs, Syracuse University. He de- clares there is a dearth of interjret- ing to the public what the govern- ments are doing and that public authorities are almost entirely lack- ing in appreciation of the necessity of informing the public of plans or accomplishments, No doubt this condition is contributing to the growing apathy shown by most citi- zens toward affairs of their country. THE TRICK Joe Rines, who radiocasts for a watch company, does a magic stunt to amuse his audiences. He calls a man upon the platform, borrows his hat, stirs eggs. flour, and water in it, and says, "Would you like to see me pull out a watch? The man says ves; Rines looks in the hat, mutters "Something wrong," and hands back the hat--which has a fine mass of eggs, flour and water in it. Then he leaves his 'helpless victim sitting there while the .radiocast goes on. Afterward he gives him $10 for a new lid. When this happened the night the vietim said, "Whew! for a $3 hat?" Rines nodded. "My brother's on relief," said the man with the eggs in his hat. "Can he come next week?" othier $10 Modern girls are far more in- terested in mending a man's ways than in mending his socks. | ters carry a large 1 am agent for Bray Chicks in this locality. Phone or call for catalogue and price list, The Bray Chick does the trick. M. Rolland La Madelaine R. R. 1, ST. ONGE ONT. WHITE CROSS SAFE DRIVING MOVEMENT "Honestly Now Wtat's Your Hurry" is the suggestive and atten- tion-arresting sentence being is- played on over four hundred bill- boards this week throughout On- tario. X This safety design directed to the motoring public has been made available by a donation of the neces- sary billboard space by E. L. Ruddy Company Limited to the White Cross Safe Driving Movement. The pos- reproduction of the White Cross emblem, in colors, in addition to the message quoted, and the well-known slogan of the Movement 'Be a White Cross Dri- ver" across the bottom. According to a statement issued by Dalton J. Little, |Secretary of the White Cross Safe Driving Move- ment, to members of the Ontario Advisory Committee, 253,487 White Cross emblems have [been distribut- ed from his office since the com- mencement of the Campaign, Au- gust 27th last, at the Safe Driving Clinic, Imperial Oil Limited, Cana- dian National Exhibition, to March 2nd inclusive. This safety effort became a public movement on Sep- tember 2nd when, with the co-opera- tion of the Ontario Department of Highways, Ontario Safety League and other public bodies, the person- nel of the present representative Committee was, in part, enlisted, with the balance of the twenty-four members in different parts of the Province subsequently becoming ac- tively associated. The Campaign is at present confined to the Province of Ontario. : TO-DAY Never mind about to-morrow, It always is to-day; Yesterday has vanished, Wherever, none can say. i ( Each minute must be guarded, Made worth the while somehow, There are no other moments, It always is: "Just mow." Just now, the hour that's golden, The moment to defend, Just now,--without beginning, Just now, can never end. Then never mind to-morrow, "Tis to-day you must endow With all that's true and noble, And the time for this is--Now! i ; --Dorothy Sproule. "CANADA 1938" "Cnada 1938" the popular series of broadeasts sponsored by the Im- perial Tobacco Company, and heard each Friday evening at 10 o'clock EJS.T., will be of special interest to its listeners on March 18th when Walter Bowles, the Roving Repor- ter, will speak from 'Sudbury, in the heart of one of the largest mining districts in Ontario. The great mi- neral resources and the tremendous development of this part of the] country will be the subject of his| talk and interviews. Much FIGURES WITH A MORAL A recent news' story from Wash- ington contained the following sen- tence.......... "Canada, which took mer- chandise valued at $510,000,000 (in 1937) or 33 per cent more than in 1936, was the second largest foreign market (for American exports)" Af the other end of the scale American imports from Canada were worth $399,000,000 or six per cent more than in 1936. An adverse trade balance with the United States of $111,000,000 in one vear is one which should give Cana dians cause for thought and amalysis Those imports are equivalent to a per capita expenditure of practical- ly a dollar a week for every man, woman and child in this country. That, of course, is theoretical be= cause the American goods included raw materials necessary to manu= factures in Canada. However, it is interesting to speculate that if the dollar a week had been spent on Canadian merchandise, wherever possible, it would have meant a tremendous increase in sales and lead to the absorption of many of our unemployed by industry. ANNUAL MEETING FRUIT GROWERS ASSOCIATION On Wednesday, March 23rd, the annual meeting of the St. Lawrence Valley Fruit Growers Association will be held in Morrisburg with the annual business meeting from 10 to 12 in the morning at the office of | the Agricultural Representative. At 12.30 there will be a banquet at the St. Lawrence hall at a cost'of 25e to members and at the regular price for non-members. Speakers will be C. E. Petch, of Hemmingford, Que., and F. S. Browne, of the Experi= mental Farm, Ottawa. Moving pice tures of orchards and spraying operations will also be shown at the afternoon session. BUSINESS IS GOOD "There isn't any business" the sad and gloomy man. "I haven't made a dollar since these troubles here began." But I couldn't help reflecting, as E heard his story through, That the hopeful, cheerful hustler seems to have a lot to do. I've been in business places where the air was thick with gloom, And the men were sad and solemm like the mourners at a tomb, And there wasn't any business op an order coming in; And, what's more, there never wilk be till those fellows start te grin. ; "There isn't any business"--arent you tired of the cry? Men have caught the gloomy habif and they sit around and sigh; But the hustler, I have noticed, whe has quit his office chair. : And is confidently working seems to gather in his share, It is time to get to business, it is time to hustle out, With a man's faith in the future of this country without doubt, too long we've sobbed and whimpered, much too long we've: talked of woe; Now it's time for optimism and the hopeful phrase: "Let's go." wailed The proper measure of a man ig the size of the things he worries about. Contest in bedlam: Bridge play= ers talking louder to be heard above the radio; making the radio louder to be heard above the bridge players Soaking the rich is fun, but any= one should know that a tree can't keep bearing fruit © if you cut off all new growth. 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