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Used book sale hailled a success When people start lining up for more than two hours before an event takes place, And bargains there were as people lined up at 9: 45 a.m. for the 12 noon opening on the used book sale held by Kâ€"W branch of the Caâ€" nadian Federation of University Women on April 2 and 3. Ne t proceeds reached $8,186.91, makâ€" ing it the most successâ€" ful sale in the club‘s history, surpassing last year‘s record by $1,200. Of particular interest was the auction of bet ter books and first edi tions which netted $557.50. as well as a there is reason to beâ€" lieve there‘s a bargain to be found. Sewage cleanâ€"up gets boost from local research Cleaning up sewage or dirty water promises to be done better and more cheaply in the future thanks to the work of two Univerâ€" sity "bf Waterloo (UW) chemical engineering professors, Drs. Robert Hudgins and Peter Silvesâ€" The two have shown that simâ€" ple design changes to clarifiers â€" the large settling tanks used in many sewage treatment systems â€" can double their efficiency. Thus far, however, their tests have been restricted to smallâ€" scale clarifiers though they plan largerâ€"scale tests later this year. In a typical clarifier operation the sewage flows into one end of a clarifier tank; most of the coarse materials sink to the bottom leaving clarified water to flow over the rim at the opposite end. Clarifiers are the front line operation in most sewage treatâ€" ment plants. Although it sounds like a simâ€" pie operation, clarification is actually rather complex, because sewage tends to form into layers across the tank, each layer conâ€" taining a different concentration of suspended dirt. The upper layer, near the top of the clarifier tank, consists mostly of water, and the bottom layer contains the highest dirt concentration. What happens, the two UW professors say, is that the difâ€" ferent layers tend to "buck" each other, producing internal concenâ€" tration waves that move back and forth, under the surface. The top surface of the tank may look calm but there can be quite large and regular concentration waves underneath which the UW reâ€" searchers can detect using speâ€" cial equipment. The problem with these concentration waves is that they tend to stir up solids and undo the clarifying that is otherwise taking place within the tank. Hudgins and Silveston discovâ€" ered these internal waves some years ago and they subsequently set out to remove them, or at least scale them down. To this purpose they have devised a wave trap which can be designed into clarifiers. The trap acts much like a beach bordering a lake or ocean, according to Dr. Silveston. ‘"We trap some of the waves," explains Dr. Hudgins. ‘"*Without By Chronicie Staftf Writer rt _ special books table an _ which raised $299.15. Special to the Chronicle After the twoâ€"day event, unsold beoks were donated to the Kitchenerâ€"Conestoga Rotary Club for resale at their World‘s Largâ€" est Garage Sale to be held in May. Some unâ€" sold books were also given to St. Monica House, a home for unwed mothers, and to war veteran Lewis Drudge of Elmira, who distributes some of them at Westminster Veterans Hospital in London, and ships the rest, at his won exâ€" pense, to the Royal Canadian Legion book Depot in Ottawa. From there the books are flown to Capnadian troops serving on a If the large scale tests prove the Hudginsâ€"Silveston design is still highly efficient the advanâ€" tages could be considerable. For one thing, it might prove a way of keeping municipal sewage costs down, existing plants could process more sewage without the need for expansion. Funding for their research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Counâ€" cil (NSERC) under its Projects with Research Applications to Industry (PRAI) program. Dorrâ€" Oliver Canada, Orillia, one of the world‘s largest manufacturers of poliutionâ€"related equipment, is providing industrial liaison. The Hudginsâ€"Silveston design could be a boon to many indusâ€" tries as well, making it possible for them to increase production substantially without having to add clarifiers to existing treatâ€" ment plants, and perhaps without having to buy additional land for such clarifiers. ‘"It could be that they would need half the clarifier capacity," says Dr. Hudgins. Constant changes in the inflows might produce less than a douâ€" bling of efficiency, Dr. Hudgins warns. On the other hand, effiâ€" ciency could be even higher. ‘"Or, local events may influâ€" ence concentration and flow â€" even the time of television comâ€" mercials has some influence on municipal sewage treatment operations because that‘s when visits to the bathrooms or kitchâ€" ens are made in thousands of homes all across the communiâ€" ty." *‘For one thing, when you get into a municipal sewage treatâ€" ment operation you don‘t get a constant flow into the clarifier, and you don‘t get constant waste con("intrations. You may find that a particular industry emits most of its wastes at a specific time each day. **While the results of our smallâ€" scale tests are extremely encourâ€" aging, it may not be possible to duplicate them when we get into larger scale situations," says Dr. Hudgins. the trap they would be reflected back and forth by the walls of the tark and continue stirring up solids for a very long time." Dr. Silveston says their new clarifier design involves sloping, rather than vertical walls. The Kâ€"W branch is celebrating its 60th anâ€" niversary this year, and to commemorate this event, a special reprint of club member Edna Staebler‘s book, Saverkraut and Enterâ€" prise, was sold as a highlight to the book sale. The book will not be available in bookâ€" stores until the fall but autographed copies can be obtained for $5.95 by calling 578â€" 6343. Proceeds from the book will go to a community project, and funds raised durâ€" ing the twoâ€"day sale will benefit the com munity in the form of bursaries and educa tional awards peacekeeping mission in Cyprus. Dr. Robert Hudgins (left) and Dr. Peter Silveston, chemical engineering professors at the University of Waterloo, are seen with lab equipment used to check the design of new clarifier equipment for sewage plants. 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