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Herbert- Enttpe a veteran printer _v' recalls the Waterloo Chronicle T '_ Herbert Dans will never had gm folded by hand - forget the Waterloo Chmni- - and if it. All copies of the cle. The 67-year-old Wa- paper were mailed at that terloo maeereeentiy ceie- time as most of the Chroni- brated 50 years in the print- cle’s customers lived in ing business and for many rural areas, outside Wa- rs, Mr. Enns worked on. terl - Waterloo Chronicle. Ufa]; office at that time ’In factuhe began with the was located at 7 Ontario St., Chronicle in 1929. when the Waterloo". Ontario Street no paper was owned by Bean longer exists in Waterloo, Printing. and the old office is now a It all began when-the Chronicle was given the job of printing a devotion book in German. A proofrepder fluent in German was need- ed, and Mr. Enns got the job. His salary was $5 per week. Shortly after he start- ed with the Chronicle, Mr. Enns became a "newsetter" (typesetter). His job was to take the written and typed material and set it in lead, using a machine called a lin- type. Elle also helped fold the per - the pages were the same size as the K-W Re- cord at that time and they [Newspaper technology: The various technological changes that have taken place in the newspaper in- dustry can be seen in these examples. On the left is part ot a plaque dedicated to the founding of the paper. The type used was cold lead. as can be seen by the separate blocks of lead. In the centre is an early offset printing example of ind that proiression can-tie followed in the history of the Waterloo Chronicle. Hot lead, cold lead, rotogravure. offset. These are complex and. obviously technical terms that probably don't mean much‘to most people. But to anyone who reads, associates or works ior a newspaper, those terms illustrate a tremendous progression in the his- tory of newspaper technology. When the Chronicle was founded in 1866, there were several basic tools needed to translate community news from a typed or handwritten page to the paper's readers. 7 _ After the news was submitted to the newspaper. it was no doubt examined and edited by the editor at the time. When ready, it would have been taken to the paper's production department for typesetting. Type- setting is the process where printed material is made into the type that appears on the printed page. The process used at this time was called cold lead - and it was a painstaking job at the best of times. Each letter space and punctuation mark was represented by a lead block. To type-set the stories, each block had to be set into a frame in order. When all the stories were set into the frame, it was bolted together to hold the lead in place. The frame was then strapped to a printing press and the paper was printed. One of the most noticeable differences in newspapers of the early years was the lack of pho- tographs. The reason for that was simple. The reprtF duction of photographs was too expensive for most small newspapers, There Eas a process called wood cuts that made possible the use of photographs, In that case. a chisel was used to make an engraving on a block of wood This painstaking process was done by hand. and had other drawbacks as well, The blocks of wood were sPthe office at that time was located at 7 Ontario St., Waterloo". Ontario Street no longer exists in Waterloo, and the old office is now a parking lot. _ The Chronicle Herbert Enos worked for bore little resemblence to today's ver- sion. At that time the paper depended almost entirely on correspondents from areas like Elmira. St. Clements and New Hamburg. It fol- lows that the Chronicle in the 1930's was a rural newspaper catering to farmers rather than people who lived in the town of Wa- terloo. All the correspondents had different areas of in- terest. Some covered fishing and hunting, some covered farm happenings and others Concentrated on personals. The circulation of the paper deck tor editorials.” (Who visited who. then and. e was about 3,000, and sub- Euns said/Me wrote Why). scriptions for ayear went: but stmetedihrtriats, t In the 1930's, the auction in Can.ada and $2.50 in the tr, supporting "the page of the Chronicle was as United States. F f _ " payer”; he added. Be important as the front page. The biggest paper of the of that Wk, the edi! year in than days was the page'of the _newspap . _ ', Christmas issue, Mr., Duns MrzEnn's tavorite to r . m ’ k said, which was full one day. , rrtri?lirt,iri; rrci-'iff,ii'eth- . cipes,' sh t stories, and I . I _ f, in "' poems. r"f)rtld, rest of the . After-50 may}; s,L:/,,, (i, "r) ", .;¢$.Ie\:jl winter and the fall, the Mtg mane”, th . "tr, _ g' tiaairtaht - y paper was usually lirto 12 if" an 'tIll', rough , ti:'tc.ia _ pages a week. During the . anges. t f thtintr , illltill, llicr,ii,') _ summer months the number ml°f|th;.°f ','f,f,ilg,f": ~ 'iii'ii,)ir,'i:_,ii_d' a p . ‘ of pages dropped to six or :type 'l,,')',',,')",','] en d; T'jiss,'ia Nliii eight. . . mun-RM a: a rum: nus . 's, _ i 7 fst'2,U, _ , 'dwtrrhN, . _¢Y?~<’ ame- _~,,{,;_ . i . ,'vf, :-4u"'.‘ , ' _.. I (my, ’4 >3}? " V , tsattih" " '1 E 'j,'sT, " , 'isa. ' 1 , .4335, Bia y _ . EPS h' .' 1tTir=a' _ $333311: .\ ' (tsit; "gr;.. "i')'. _ 1Bit, .. 'tljit'y1 rr, i' w“ "lgitB,ttirllitfffJttlitl =u.'au'u1 Herbert Enns still works for the company that once published the Waterloo Chronicle. He recently celebrated BO years in {he printing in- dustryuall in the Wa- terloo area. quite fragile,_and Pere often damaged while the paper The G"iy"rGGative to wood cuts was a similar process using metal. In that case an engraving was made on a piece of metal. which was then clamped on to the frame with the type. The expense involved in making metal engravings made it impractical in most situations. As newspaper technology advanced, a new process of setting type came into use. It was called hot lead, and was made possible by the production of a machine called a lineotype. The lineotype machine did the job ia, beinir, pri_nted of a shion It was operated by a person at the keyboard, Speci- fic letters and spaces were typed on to the mlchine, which then caused a number of brass mattresses to drop into place. When the type was in place, melted lead was poured into the mold and allowed to cool thus making a solid line of type. The lineotype operator. was an important and re- spected person. Operating one of these machines took a good deal of training, and even then the complex contraptions weren't always cooperative. And when the lineotype broke down - as they often did -- pro- duction of the paper was stalled. Lineotype machines are still used commonly in print shops, but for the most part. a new process is used when setting type for a newspaper. Called offset, it is a photmelectric typesetting method. Instead of one person at the keyboard of a lineotype, several people usually work in a typesetting pool. They are seated in front of a keyboard similar to that of a ty- pewriter, "wiser, the keys are pressed, a lens inside the ma- chine photographs the image of the letter on a film réis§embling coldntype in automated fa- in- the Chronicle. With the advent of offset, the use of photos become more com- :ed mon. On the right is en exempie of modern offset page. Notice that in the cold by type exempie, the letters and numbers are e" reversed. When printed they rot would put e positive image on the pane. Another big difference in the format of the old Chroni- cle was national news, Mr, Enns said. News items of national or intemational im- portance were clipped from the Toronto Globe - now‘the Globe and Mail - and run verbatum in the Chronicle. Mr. Enns speaks very highly of David Bean, who was the editor, publisher and owner of the Chronicle in those days. “Mr. Bean Sr. had a real I -"'"""" "V m. Si "iiratLrioeI1e1ettgef:'-.f, hitch tor editorials,'.' Mr. "It's amazing how they Enos said/He wr'ote fair, can walk in and take over," but stmeteditrtriais, and. he added. stc'prleehi."leeiat'li If he" had to start his of that knack. the editorial “3:? over 'lfrd Mr. m: page'of th9_newspaper is S'llegeewzrl untiegiigta; :13; Elm a favorite to ttv? study his trade. I View Cttroettihdrtegttw, August 20, 1919-9. 13" After Mt Yeats in the print-, ing business, Mr. Enns has seen and gone through many changes. With the,intrmhrer tion of the offset typesetting method, his position as lin- eotype operator ended. He worked as a was operator tbr a time, and then began his training as a process ca- "ne" operator. - _ __ “When I startedlm the ca- mera, it was much different than it is not." he said, “I had to start by trial and error." He's especially impressed by young people who have college or university train- ing and can come into a print shop job with all the iraining they need. The completed film is then put in an automated de- veloper, and the type comes out on white paper. The paper is trimmed, cut and placed on a page along with photographs and headlines. When the page is complete, it too is photographed on a large camera. The result is a reverse-negative of the page. That negative is used to burn an image into an offset plate, and the plate is covered with zinc to pet.ect..it. .L - eB-_ecB, ' = e-.-..-" a- no .. _II-_ A. "iiiGiff,' the flexible plate is formed to fit a roller on the printing press. The roller is covered with ink. and it prints the pages as newsprint is run throng: the At the end of the press, the paper is autmnatically cut, and the various pages are compiled and folded to form the final product. - _ _ In all stages of newspaper history, the typesetter hasbeenaprominenttignre. Whetherthemethodot setting type was cold lead.hot lead or today's photo electric process. a newspaper has never been able to transmit news without the aid of a typesetter. But newspaper technology has advanced solar that ooedaysomttttetypesettermarnotbet-ded.Com- puters have become so sophisticated that a reporter or editor can have his/her own story typeset simply by instructing the computer to do so. Stories can be edited, set in different sizes and typeset all in a mat- ter of minutes. In the lobby of the Kitchener-Waterloo Record there sits a lineotype machine It is a tribute to an era of newspaper technology that is rapidly fading into the past, If that technology continues to advance at its present rate. it won‘t be long before the computers of today are sitting beside that lineotype. Keeping up ' with the- times . a...“ wouth .” ”W If he had to start his career over again, Mr. Duns said he would like to attend college or univei'sity to study his trade. I After the Chroniclevwas sold by the Bean family to Herb Smith, Mr. Enns worked in the job printing section of the company. He still works there, but the company is calted Davis Henderson and is located on button Drive in Wateg%o. Over the years modern and superior equipmenthas made Herbert Ems joba lot different than it used to be. But he still has fond me- mories of his days at the old Waterloo Chronicle. of working long hours and never having a paid holiday, and of waiting for the paper to come off the press so the folding and mailing could