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the city they live in making changes in the way of progress. This is sheer unadulterated stupidity, for a city like a men cannot stand stillâ€"there must be some movement either forward or backwardâ€" neither man nor city can stand still Here in Waterloo there is an earnest attempt being made to reâ€" organize the Chamber of Commerce so it may function more effecâ€" tively for the good of the community. At the meeting called to start the ball rolling there were several who felt Waterioo was good enough as it is today and that no attempt should be made to enlarge the city or bring in new industry This of course is the viewpoint of only a few and is characteristic of a small minority who have made enough for them to get through the rest of their life without working any more. It is, needless to say, a very narrow viewpoint, taking as it does only their own wellâ€"being into consideration. Waterlo is badly in need of an active Chamber of Commerce. Nothing else can take the place of this particular body. Functions of the council are restricted because the average man on council is too busy making a living to have the time to devote to improving his community. e Single copies 5 cents. Authorized as second class mail, Post Ofice Department, Ottaws. The Chamber of Commerce attracts men from all walks of lile as members, and amongst them usually is the cream of any comâ€" munity‘s business men. These men are a success in their chosen fiekis for the simple reason that through sound reasoning and diliâ€" gent application, they have learned how to be a success. These are the men who are best suited to determine policy for a community. These same men have more opportunity, more openâ€" ing to know of new businesses which would be interested in locatâ€" ing here. In many cases they know the men involved and can deal with them personally. Many small communities have publed themselves out of obscuriâ€" ty literally by their boot strapsâ€"and their Chamber of Commerce. Certainly more communities have progressed because of an active Chamber of Commerce than for any other one reason. Let‘s have one in Waterloo. In an editorial in our issue of March 9th, we pointed out that the compulsory automobile insurance scheme operated by the Govâ€" ernment of Saskatchewan had last $200,000 in the license year of 1950â€"51, which, we suggested, made this scheme insolvent. We also suggested that, in the end, the financial responsibility for this insurâ€" ance plan would rest upon the taxpayers of Saskatchewan. We now have a letter from Mr. G. R. Bothwell, Director, Adverâ€" tising Publicity of the Saskatchewan Government Insurance Office, protesting against this editorial, and arguing thet our statements are untruthful and unfair. The difficulty appears to be that the Saskatchewan Government Insurance Office does not recognize accepted economic principles in connection with insurance. Mr. Bothwell, in his letter, repeats stateâ€" ments made in publicity released by the Office, to the effect that the surplus of $1,000,000 in the Automobile Accident Fund at the beginâ€" ning of 1950 fell by $200,000 during the yearâ€"a loss of 20 per cent of the reserve. He explains this as due to the fact, while the cost of new vehicles and repair parts was rising sharply, premiums have not been increased. He goes on to admit that, in 1951, there will be a further loss of reserves. Now, the very basis of insurance is the maintenance of adequate reserves by any insurance organization, to meet those losses which ean be reasonably anticipated. This requires that, as the insured risks increase, premiums will be increased also. It must be remembered that the Automobile Accident Insurance policies written provided that the Government Insurance Office will replace or repair cars which were insured in the event of loss or damage. That is, these policies involved the Office in an insurance responsibility to make replacements in kindâ€"not in money. When any motor car insured under this system was damaged, it had to be repaired or replaced. That meant that, as the price of motor cars and repair parts rose, it was bound to be the case that reserves acâ€" cumutated through premiums appropriate to the lower value of moâ€" tor cars and repair parts would become depleted. There could be no criticism of the Saskatchewan Government Insurance Office, if, owing to unexpected disasters, the reserves had been somewhat depleted. As Mr. Bothwell admits, the depletion was foreseen, and no provision was made against it. Thus, to live up to accepted economic principles of insurance, it was the plain duty of the Office, foreseeing a depletion of the reserves owing to the rising prices of cars and repair parts, to provide for this by appropriate increases in premiums. Mr. Bothwell says that it is hoped that there will not be this continued progtess to formal insolvency, because a safety campaign is beginning to show results. That is, the Fund is gambling on the success of this safety campaign, and gambling is not insurance. True, the Office, and the Automobile Accident Insurance Fund are not insolvent in any formal sense. All that has happened has been that the Fund has lost 20 per cent of its reserves, and now looks forward to a further loss. At the rate of 20 per cent loss per annum of resetves, the date of formal insolvency of the Fund can be foreseen very precisely. We respectfully suggest to Mr. Bothwell, and to the Saskatcheâ€" wan Government Insurance Office, that they consider the basic prinâ€" ciples of insurance. They will not find among them any acceptance of the theory that it does not matter that an insurance fund is being depleted, merely because it is hoped that the depletion is going to stop at some vague date in the future. With much respect, we recommend to Mr. Bothwell and the Saskatchewan Government Insurance Office that immediate steps be taken to increase premiums on automobile insurance to a proper scealeâ€"so that, in 1951, there be no further depletion of reserves. Insurance organizations must take the risk of depletion ef reserves owing to unexpected happenings. Insurence which is based on a refusal to make provision for events which are expected to happen is not solvent insurance. The premiers of the ten provinces, in applying to Ottawa for authority to levy indirect taxes, in effect are applying for a permit to carry a concealed weapon. The turnover tax, which is the specific and immediate matter of concern, would be a hidden tax, a weapon eapable of inflicting a particularly nasty wound on a taxpayer? who has been already dug into fairly deeply by the Federal Sales Tax increase and other increases Besides, the heads of the bouses in Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta and British Columbia should remember that there will be other ceccupants of their legislative houses in days to come. Any one of them might pick the weapon up and do a lot of damage We Need a Chamber of Commerce Strangely enough .only six of the ten claim to have any need for the weapon; the other four just feel it would be a handy thimg to have. Why*"â€"if, as they assert. they don‘t intend to use it Preâ€" sumably they think they might want to use it some time in the If that is what they think. the four are practicing a deceit when they tell the etaxpayer, who is the only possible target, that they have no intention of using the weapon If that is not what they think, they are being extremely careless It‘s as dangerous to leave a tax weapon lying around a legislative house whete anybody can pick it up at any time as it is to leave an offensive weapon lying around a private house. Anybody might pick it up in a moment of excitement or stupidity. And a tax weapon would be always loaded. zvenintmsdaymdagetherenusomepeopkwhomapinn 1 C Dnane: n iL The Economics of Insurance Concealed Weapons One Week‘s P.:’ ‘ (From the Torowto Globe Minil) When Canads became a nation, tazing powers were allocated between the Wedera} Government and Mbe Provincial Governments. The Federal Government, it was agreed, would have power to tax ‘both directly and indirectly; the Provincial Govermments would only have power to tax directly. This arrengement was written into, and became part of, the British North America Act. Parliament hes the power to thake changes in the BNA Act, and will soon consider a drastic and fundamental one. It will have before it a proposal to grant the Provinces the right of indirect taxation, -oth.tthzyctnippon'ASpcro-ntmhImmau-lu. If Parliament approves the proposal, and amends the BNA Act accordingly, the Provincial Governments will be able, like the Fedâ€" eral Government, to impose both forms of taxation. * The eventual effect of this change is a matter of speculation. &xttbaeupothim:pecuhuwahoutmwm As soon as it is approved by Parliament, some of the Provincial Governments wil} use it to introduce the 3 per cent turnover tax. They will oblige most, maybe all, retail merchants to hand over 3 per cent of most, maybe al}, of their sales. But the merchants will not pay that 3 per cent: they cannot afford to. The tax will be paid by their customers, that is to say, by the public at large. How much will be paid by each family deâ€" pends on how much they spend. But the series of articles on the turnover tax, which recently appeared in this paper, suggests that an ordinary $50â€"aâ€"week family will pay $4 a month, or $48 a year, In short, the turnover tax will cost them one week‘s pay. If this family were forced to hand over one week‘s payâ€"cheque, they would protest indignantly. But it will not be taken from them id this way. It will not be taken from them directly, so that they can see it: it will be taken indirectly, so that they can‘t. It will be conâ€" cealed in the price of the merchandise they buy, on the theory that what people don‘t know doesn‘t hurt them. The trouble, in this case, is that it does hurt them. The turnover tax will force up the cost of living at a time when the great mass of Canadian people already find prices nising beyond their reach. And the people who will be harmed the most by it are those in the greatâ€" est need. The poor spené much more of their income, proportionateâ€" ly, than the wellâ€"toâ€"do; and so they will pay, proportionately, much more of the turnover tax. Other Editors Say These are only some of the arguments against the turnover tax. The fact that some of it will be a tax on previous taxes; the fact that it could in time rise from 3 per cent to 4, 5 and 6 per cent; the fact that it will impose a heavy burden of bookkeeping on retail merâ€" chants, in effect making them into unpaid tax collectorsâ€"such facts as these complete the case. The turnover tax is one of the most iniquitous propositions ever put before the Canadian people. What can they do about it? They can do a great deal. They can stamp it out before it even comes into existence. All they need to do is to write two letters, one to their Provincial Premier, the other to their member of Parliament, asking them to oppose the constiâ€" tutional amendment. If enough Canadians do that, the amendment will be rejected. And if the amendment is rejected, there will be no turnover tax ‘That a few hours of roamirtg the riverbanks can be an importâ€" ant soother of minds and mender of bodies there can be little douht. To escape from the pressure of multiple business worries and let the spring zephyrs blow them off among the fleecy white clouds on a sunny spring day, might well be on the top of the doctor‘s list. (From The Listowel Banner) â€" Time was when, in smaller communities, and some not so small, that when a businessman felt the urge for the restoring measures of a day by the brook, he hung a wellâ€"worn cardboard sign in the office window: "Gone Fishing" and went. Nowadays there are many of us who could do with some of that treatment, but business practice in this day and age seems to leave little room for such restoratives. The deluxe version of the "Gone Fishing" treatment for tired businessmen is to take along a couple of young lads, preferably of public school age. Half the fun is in their exuberance in the advenâ€" ture. Their excited shouts and exclamations as they pit their wits against the wily chub or chase scampering frogs, is music not dupliâ€" cated elsewhere in nature. It‘s our belief that the man who hangs up the "Gone Fishing" sign every now and again will last a lot longer and finish a lot sign eve stronger. Tippers Dig Deeper (From The Shawinigan Standard) Looking forward to that trip you‘re planning to, take this spring or summer? If so, you had better review the bank account and plan on taking a few dollars with youâ€"especially if you intend to visit one of the larger cities. s Not that restaurant and hotel prices are out of the wayâ€"it‘s those pesky tips that throw your budget out of balance. Notwithâ€" standing all the propaganda that a tip is beneath a Canadian‘s digâ€" nity, you have to shell out or spend an uncomfortable vacation ignorâ€" ing black looks and nonâ€"existant service. And in most cases the old 10â€"perâ€"cent theory is outdated. A little more than that is expectedâ€"15 per cent, maybe, where it can be figured. With the exception of airâ€"line employées who just won‘t accept tips, you can‘t escape it no matter how you travel. From the moment the quarterâ€"happy redâ€"cap grabs your bags at the depot you‘re in for it if you‘re travelling by train. The Pullâ€" man porter doesn‘t shine your shoes and wisk you off for the fun of it, nor does the diningâ€"car waiter shower attention on you for your friendly smile alone. And so it goes with taxi drivers, doormen, bellâ€"boys, waiters, chambermaids and a host of others. The end comes as the bellâ€"boy introduces you to your hotel room and eases out carrying the last of the family silver. It could be the tipping evil is just as muck the fault of the donor as the recipient. It‘s well known that customers persist in tipping even when advised that it is unnecessary and unwanted. At least one railroad had this experience. Perhaps it is the "bigâ€"shot" feeling one has in distributing largess to all and sundry. In effect you say: "Stick to me boys and give me service and I‘ll see that you‘re well }ooked after. I‘m makâ€" ing enough for all of us." When the lure of Austria becomes too great, Leni, Baroness von Wertheimstein, _ forsakes _ New York where she stayed during the war years, and returns to her naâ€" tive village. At first, little seemns changed, the ravages of war are not apparent. Leni marries Conâ€" rad Brandt, former ski instructor who has formed a folk choral soâ€" ciety. Leni soon learns that her husband is a leader in the underâ€" ground Nazi party, and from then on the novel deals with Lemi‘s conflicu‘nfi loyalties, her husband or her beloved Austria. If this lunacy strikes you, fight it off. Although all expect a tip for services rendered, the majority despise the fake bigâ€"shots just as much as the man who won‘t part with a nickel in exchange for a legitimate chore. "12\, Plymouth Street" by Rath Park. This story is about the Darcys, an Irish Catholic family living in the slums of Sydney. It is readable and humorous, the characters are realistle and the As supplied by the Waterloo Public Library By MAUREEN WILLIAMS, Librarian "The Spell" by Gastavy Breuer. ) love interest tender a Weekly Book Review Gone Fishing THE CATBRLOO love interest tender and unusual. The squalor and poverty, too, are realistically portrayed. The author shows understanding and compassion for the striving and suffering of the poor but she conâ€" ceals none of their pleasures or sins. thought iOntasto) CHRONICLE ® Canadiana: When the new Lithuanian doctor, Juzda Urbaitis and family came to River John, N.S., a reception for them was held in the 1.O.O.F., filled to caâ€" racity with people from the vilâ€" mnd outlying district. . . Corâ€" nelius Penner hiving near Chilliâ€" wack, B.C., heard a car drive up while he an@ his wife were in bed, and he thought his son had returned ‘home; it turned out laâ€" ter to be thieves who calmly came in, took $300 of clothing, bedding and food. . . Young Roger Haley at Matapedia, N.B., was killed when the sled on which he was coasting struck the leg of a horse, causing the animal to fall and crush him. . . It was puzzling; the auto ‘branch of Lounsbury Comâ€" pany at Chatham, N.S., was broâ€" ken into and $700 worth of tires stolen; but they were discovered next morning on company proâ€" perty across the street. . . Comâ€" ments the Kentville Advertiser, "Last week was National Health Week, but the editorial staff was too heavily beset by 'mfluena to note the fact ,and it is much fé be doubted if most readers were in the mood for a dissention on health." . . . At Pictou, N.S., Conâ€" stable Percy Hicks ‘bagged the first muskrat of the seasonâ€"on Mein street at midnight. . . An inâ€" teresting debate was precipitated at Three Rivers, Que., town counâ€" cil on whether or not Mayor Mongrain was right or wrong to use the first person plural when addressing the Legislative Counâ€" cil in Quebec. . . John Kellar, linesman for a telephone company at Seaforth, Ont., broke his arm while pruning a tree. . . Three weeks before they lost all their possessions by fire .the Verkeek family arrived from Holland at Ridgedaleâ€"Matsqui district in B.C. ... in a spontaneous gesture the community had a canvass preâ€" sented them with cash and a large supply of canned fruit and vegetables. . . A cow owned by Melville Bertrim out Harden disâ€" trict Ont., way, has had 2 sets of twins and a set of triplets, pretty good in these days of high priced beef. . . Chesley, Ont., town counâ€" cil advertised for position of chief constable, got 60 applicaâ€" trions. . . At St. James, Man., counâ€" cil passed a bylaw barring driveâ€" in theatres in that area, taking the stand the municipality would not benefit from a theatre used }:_y outsiders and the general pubâ€" ic. % Commenting on life insurâ€" ance companies advertising camâ€" paign, the Kentville (N.S.) Ad vertiser, says: . . . "it is an atâ€" tempt to convince the individual that, come what may in the. form of old age pension, his best inâ€" terests lie in doing something himself, to provide for his own security in later life . . . it is reâ€" freshing and encouraging to find a section of Big Business, that much â€" maligned impersonality, talking the sort of common sense twe might expect to hear from poâ€" litical leadersâ€"but don‘t." Forty years ago folks boiled coffee and settled it with an egg; the only reds known were red flannels; and a boy didn‘t think he had to have a vehicle in which to pursue happiness. _ # Times have changed, sighsi the Selkirk (Man.) Enterprise with this sage bit of observation: | People were more interested in the contentment of each other than they were in cows: ladies rode sideâ€"saddle and when a preacher said a truth the people said "amen". A candidate had to be economyâ€" minded to get elected to office; meighbors asked about your famâ€" ily and meant it; and when a man dressed for evening he put on his night shirt. Folks used toothpicks and were still polite, and the neighbors got fresh liver at hog killing time Two or three people could meet without passing the hat,; parents were the onl?‘ babyâ€"sitters; and men worked for an honest living instead of wishing for one A man‘s word was his bond; Rip Van Winkle slep 20 years and no one asked him to endorse a mattress; and men made the same wife do a lifetime # The Amherst (N S ) News reâ€" ferring to Ontamo‘s giving the nod to women jurors, declares that "the important thing, after aM, is to establish now the solid principle that women are fullâ€" Country Editor By Jim Greenblat fledged citizens and must take their fair share of the obligations which rest upon us all in our common affairs." 0 _ dian sees a new hope in the fact that Russians are attending the conference in Paris, reflecting, "You know, Stalin is an old man by all standards. He should have ambitions to die in peace. Morâ€" tal conquest never brought reconâ€" cilie;tion to man‘s innermost soul." & A trite comment about cutâ€" ting mail delivery: "Objection that there is no relationship beâ€" tween the Baby Bonus and the mail delivery saving would be unâ€" wise. It would be just the sort of thing that so many people say when they find that their expenâ€" ditures on whiskey leave them with too little to pay for milk." . & The Leader at Duncan, B.C., holds that governments competâ€" ing against private enterprise for available goods since the end of the war have contributed one factor adding appreciably to presâ€" ent price levels." One need only look at the unprecedented proâ€" gram of new school and highway building in BC. to realize the effect of government spending upon prices gepgrqlr{y."n . © Chesley (Ont.) Enterprise: When we embark on a policy of confiscation and government ownâ€" ership, we have a hard time conâ€" vincing such countries as Iran that .we are much different than the Communists, for their policy is merely an advanced system of socialism such as they have in England: DEPTH OF SEEDING Heaviest yields are obtained from such crops as wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, corn, beans, soyâ€" beans, mangels and Sudan grass when seeded at a depth of one inch according to experiments conducted in the Department of Agriculture‘s Division of Field Husbandry at the Central Experiâ€" mental Farm, Ottawa.. â€" The tests were conducted over a period of more than four years on a sandy loam soit at depths of one, two, three and four inches. Yields of buckwheat and Sudan grass seeded at two inches were similar to those obtained from the (Alta.) Canaâ€" Â¥* TBE HOUSE es n 0 C Oe 00. in Sotc s Sie raatiipinat o2 °P l t & .. % * F; NC / h gtee. maant «18 * w + , $ in +R e x)ig‘f Em We ui @..:i 94 + C 24 We 49 n $ f z'; a, KA 0. £ * ho s e . O s a dn oneâ€"inch seeding. The fourâ€"inch seeding gave fair returns with corn and some of the cereals but mangel yielts were about 30 per cent below the oneâ€"inch seeding figures 0 _ _ â€" Depth of seeding tests ranging from surface to twoâ€"inch seedings were also rum on crops with smaller seeds as red clover, alfalâ€" fa and timothy. Experiments exâ€" tending over a threeâ€"year period showed that for the best results these crops should be seeded shalâ€" One of a series / by your bank YoOU EXPECT the men and women in your local bank to be skilled, courteous, interested in their work and in you. They are. Because they find satisfaction in meeting the standard of banking you require, rendering the variety of services you expect in a chartered bank. ~ And there is always the drive of competition. Munager, accountant, teller, junior â€" they all know that if you are not satisfied at your present bank you will go to another. You can count on alert and friendly service from the men and women who look after your banking needs. THE NEXT Highest yields were obtained from alfalfa when surface seeded and raked in, but seedings at oneâ€" half inch, one and two inches also gave good results Red clo. ver, however, gave slithly lowe yields at the oneâ€"half and 0: inch levels and greatly red yields when seeded at two i Timgthy yielded well up to a including the one inch seedi d@epth, but gave poor returns seeded any deeper. low Fréiey, April 20, ; f{« Firge *4 *fét‘ g ~MI P + _ c * lt wa%} n;: sns 4 To .. Whgats 1051