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An interesting comparison can be made between growth and feed consumption with birds reared on range at Ottawa, others ggwn rapidly on an upâ€"toâ€"date iler ration _ The fastâ€"grown birds weighed 6 pounds at 20 weeks, and thoâ€" range reared at 26 weeks. For cach pound of weight up to six pounds, the feed muired was onl{] slightly more, at some weights was actually less, for the birds on range, in Estimates of the possible sayâ€" ing in feed through the provision of good pasture for growing birds are as high as 20 per cent. Maxiâ€" mum feed efficiency is probably obtained with high protein feeds which give very rapid growthâ€" as for example, 4 pound broilers in twelve weeks on 12 pounds of feed. Whether such rapid growth is a good thing for pullets if open to question, however. The idea that pullets which are expected to stand the strain of heavy egg production for a full laying year should be grown rclatively slowâ€" ly, and not confined but on good range and pasture, may be sound. tion. A guaranteed market for surpluses at a good price permitâ€" ted even relatively inefficient proâ€" ducers of poultry products to thrive. What the future may hold for markets and prices is uncerâ€" tain. Should a buoyant tone perâ€" sist almost indefinitely, maxiâ€" mum production with (minimum outlay will still be good business. If the market deciines, the emâ€" phasis must undoubtcdly swing to more efficient production, says H. §. Gutteridge, Dominion Poultry Husbandman. Feed is the lurgest outlay in ultry raising. On the averafi., %â€"80 per cent of the cost of ra ing stock and 60â€"70 per cent of trat for laying birds, is for feed. e maximum production of boâ€" weight or eggs, on the miniâ€" m intake of feed, should refore be the most efficient se of the poultry enterprise. :+ d costs can be lowered in sevâ€" ways. Well balanced rations van be fed so that the bird can make maximum growth, or. egg production the greatest yield per unit of feed, by using as high a proportion of homeâ€"grown grains as possible, or by providing good pasture which will reduce the consumption of more costly feeds. GROWING BIRDS During the recent war and alâ€" most up to the present time, emâ€" phasis has been upon quantity production of poultry to a greater extent than efficiency of prod\fc- PASTURES FOR The Queen Elizabeth Highway was built, so we were told, to alleviate traffic congestion having to move through Toronto. Then they turn around and connect this "fast" highway directly to roads that Jead right through all of the localized traffic. This no doubt was an idea that originated with Toronto city fathers, who had an eye out for money carried by tourists. That was one angle about Galt that is hard to figure out. This place does have a road that byâ€"passes most of the heavy local traffic. The only thing is of course, that this road is so rough and is crossed by so many train tracks, that the owner of a good car would think twice before driving over it . . . and then decide against it. Our own Twin Cities are an example that is almost as bad as ‘Toronto, especially during the rush hours. To get through either Waterloo or Kitchener without being a mind reader, the only route is the main street. Thousands of outâ€"ofâ€"town cars and trucks pound this section of road every week, and at present there is nothing else for drivers to do unless they are well versed in the various wanderâ€" ings of our back streets. ~ Unless something intelligent and well planned is done in the way of construcing new highways around these centres, the accident toll will rise rather than diminish, and tourists will stop driving our roads because they are too congested and dangerous. Modern traffic congestion will no longer tolerate the running of main highways through the centre of towns and villages. A good example of the congestion that can be caused by such m situation could have been seen on Easter Sunday in the City of Toronto. Here cars were packed so solidly on the Lakeshore Road that it took nearly two hours to drive the short length of this road At times traffic was stopped completely for as long as ten minutes. Very few policemen were in evidence and as there are no traffic Yights on this section of road, traffic finally piled up until it was impossible for a car driver to either get through the mess or around ‘The same condition exists to a minor extent in other centres, where roads that lead through these centres are the only means of getting onto a man highway. This condition is ‘not five years behind the times . . . it‘s twentyâ€"five. IN OUR TIME C 0 20 [] Authorized as second d.-m'mo... Department, Ottawa Relesmed by Rew Eoe Vilss, nise® Remove Highways From Cities "It all sturted with a little toy steam shovel â€" an‘ new he has VE CONTRACT3 !" THE WATERLOO CHRONICLE FRIDAY, APRIL 22, 1949 late in April. A representative of the Canadian Department of Laâ€" bor will be in attendance and the need for Canadian combines and workers will be finally established at that meetinf, In the meantime, it is inadvisable for Canadian farâ€" mers who have combines, to antiâ€" cipate a demand for their services in the United States this year. ‘ United States officials state that at the moment they are unable to estimate whether Canadian combinesâ€" will .be required this year. The point out that the number of local combines availâ€" able is substantially greater than has ‘been the case in previous years and that, unless some emerâ€" gency arises which cannot now be foreseen, the need for Canadian combines is not likely to be pressâ€" ing. _ The Minister of Labour, Hon. Humphrey Mitchell, has been in touch with United States employâ€" ment and farm labor officials in connection with the possibility of Canadian combines and (H)erators proceeding to the United States Farm Labor officials of the States affected and officials of the United States Employment Serâ€" vice will meet at Oklahoma City _ The value of pasture range from the standpoint of sanitation and control of disease is imgon- 'ant. A bulletin "Pasture for Poulâ€" try" is available from the IAforâ€" mation Se;’vice, Domim‘%x Deâ€" partment of Agriculture, Ottawa, which deals fully with the subâ€" jects and gives suggestions for suitable annual and perennial pasâ€" ‘tures as well as cultural practices, for 22 agricultural areas throughâ€" out Canada. Combines for U.S. this summer to assist in the harâ€" vesting of the grain crop. spite of the additional six weeks required to bring these birds to u 6 pound weight. The only posâ€" sible explanation is that considerâ€" ably more feed was required with range birds, but it was obtained from the pasture. With good pasâ€" ture it was possible to almost equal at less expense, the gains made with more costly rations, even alâ€" lowing for the value of pasture consumed. Actual restriction of feed intake to force even greater consumption of pasture has been advocated, but just what the )iâ€" mits of such a program may Le is not yet known. By Howie Hunt 1â€"6 |_ Pontiac Ormsby Ruth, a memâ€" | ber of the Eurebred Holstein herd |of Martin F. Horst, Waterloo, has recently completed an RO.P. reâ€" \cord of 791 lbs. fat from 20,715 lbs. | milk avcra'ge test 3.81 per cent \butterfat. This record was made as an eightâ€"yearâ€"old in 3685 days on twiceâ€"aâ€"day milking. r‘ Pontiac Ormsby Ruth has a ?revmus record of 857 lbs. fat from 22,601 lbs. milk average test 3.79 per cent butterfat also made ‘on twiceâ€"aâ€"day milking. She has been classified as Good Plus in Selective Registration. This aniâ€" mal was bred by K. M. Betzner, ; Waterloo, Ont gent and Redman wheat, and Ajax oats. He has produced high quality seed of these varieties, and has assisted in numerous other experimental projects. Other seed growers all across Canada are making a great conâ€" tribution by making supplies of pure seed of the new variefle.s‘ available in commercial qulmi-‘ ties. _ WATERLOO HOLSTEIN MAKES 791 POUNDS FAT Plant breeding today is becomâ€" ing a complicated business. The good qualities of many varieties must be combined by highly speâ€" cialized plant breeding techniques. Also in order to get disease and insect resistance, the help of other specialists such as plant patholoâ€" gists and entomologists is needed. Farmers cannot now hope to make much improvement in varieties by plant breeding methods, but their coâ€"operation with the plant brecders is very much ap{zreciat- ed both in experimental work and in raising pure seed. A. H. Parker at Gilbert Plains has coâ€" operated closcly with the Domâ€" infon Government Cereal Breedâ€" imng Laboratory at Winnipeg. He has played an important part in producing Foundation seed of Re-l Back in Ontario again, Robert Dawsun of Paris, became interestâ€" ed.in an outstanding single wheat plant in a field of Clawson winter wheat. He selected this plant, and it gave rise to Dawson‘s Golâ€" den Chaff, the predominant soft white wheat in Ontario. Dawson‘s is only now beginning to be reâ€" placed by plant breeders‘ producâ€" tions such as Rideau and Cornell 595. It has also been used by the plant breeders in crossâ€"breeding. .. . Jt is a parent of Rideau proâ€" duced at the Central Exgerimen- tal Farm and also of OAC 104 from the Ontario Agricultural College. Western Canada developed an outstanding farmerâ€"plant breeder. This was Dr. Seager Wheeler. He introduced Bobs wheat from Ausâ€" tralia, and selections from it gave Red Bobs, Early Triumph and Supreme. Red Bobs filled a very important place because qf its earliness and high yield. Among such farmers, David Fife of Otonabee, Ont., must not be forgotten. Fife was looking for a more suitable variety of wheat. He received a sample from a friend in Scotland and grew it in his garden. Most of this sample turned out to be winter wheat, but a few plants were spring types. These were saved and inâ€" creased. This was the origin of the Xar:ety Red Fife that really started the wheat industry in Western Canada. Red Fife was too late in maturiâ€" ty to be a really successful varieâ€" ty. and Sir Charles Saunders at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, started making selections and crossbreeding to create an earlier one. Red Fife was crossed with an early maturing Indian wheat and the result was Marquis. Marquis in turn has been used as a parent in the breeding of the rust resistant wheats. Most of our Canadian spring wheats therefore trace back to, and have some of the valuable characteristics of Red Fife. Much has been heard of the work of plant breeders. It is comâ€" mon knowledge that the varieties produced by plant breeders make modern agriculture possible. Wheat production, for example, would be at a standstill if it were not for the rust resistant, early, high quality varieties that have come out of the plant breeding laboratories in the past 20 years. It is not as well known that the farmer and the seed grower played an important role in this work, in the past and continue to do so today, says F. Gfeller, Cerâ€" eal Division, Central Experimenâ€" tal Farm, Ottawa. Farmers Assist Plant Breeders SUNDAY, APRIL 24, 1949 Time Table Changes CANADIAN PACIFIC A group of Mexican Army officers, assigned to the Unitecd Nations Commission for India and Pakistan as military observers in disâ€" puted Kashmir, visit United Nations Headquarters at Lake Success before leaving on their mission. Alberto Inocente Alvarez of Cuba (center), President of the Security Council, greeted the visitors Full Information fromk Agents Mexican Officers Enroute to Kashmir for U.N. *( a vidlh Effective THE WATERLOO (Ontario) CHRONICLB _ Something of a record was achieved recently, when 50,000 lake trout eigs were flown from the fish hatchery in Port Arthur, Ont., to the South American Reâ€" public of Columbia, with a loss of only eight. Colombians expressed appreciation to the Canadian authorities responsible for packâ€" ing and shipping these trout eggs, and thought that the experiment would prove beneficial to their country. The fingerlings were put into Lake Cocha, in southern Coâ€" lombia. CANADIAN TROUT EGGS FLOWN TO COLOMBIA IHIS ORIGINAL DOCUMENT IS IN VERY POOR CONDLTION _ Time requirement varied greng:‘ ly, Average figure per acte 13 122 hours, but the analysis vealed that some farms went as low as 31 hours per acre. The operator using 31 hours to proâ€" duce an acre of potatoes was in Southern Ontario. Another in the same area reported using 290 hours for the same amount of ground. Differences were associâ€" ated with equipment used and number of times over the field. Details, however, were not comâ€" plete enough to permit tabulation. Each coâ€"operator was given a copy of a report showing differâ€" ent practices and results ohâ€" tained. "Northern Ontario has many advantages in potato {»roduclion,' Dr. Patterson says. "It would be a waste of seed and effort to plant potatoes in Southern Onâ€" tario without manuring, fertilizâ€" ing or ;?raying. Yet many did that in Northern Ontario and reâ€" ceived good yields. The further north the potatoes were grown the better the yields." _ Dr. Patterson explained that afâ€" ter summaries were completed, each coâ€"operator was given back a summary sheet on which were set down the hours of time and cost of materials used per acre on his farm. In parallel columns were given the averages for his district and for the whole proâ€" vince on each item. _ "The information was supplied by members of the Five Hundred Bushel Potato Clubs in Ontario," Dr. Patterson says. "The reports from 1944 to 1948 were analyzed during the past seven months. A form was supplied for emering costs by the Crops, Seeds an Weeds Branch of the Ontario Deâ€" partment of Agriculture. They were later analyzed by the Cost Studies Branch, which is now the Farm Economics Branch of the Department. The figures on which the finding is based, were recorded carefully by the growers themselves. The analysis was made by the Farm Economics Branch of which, Dr H. L. Patterson is Director. Inciâ€" dentally, the maintenance of cost records has not only revealed inâ€" teresting results, but is proving of great practical value to the farâ€" mers themselves. Yields per acre from 24 farms were less than 150 bushels per acre, the findings indicate. Howâ€" ever, on 24 others it ran up to 400 bushels and over. PRODUCTION COSTS IN POTATOES VARY. STUDY INDICATES Yields per acre running as high as 400 bushels and over, with cost, not including land and residual effect of previous treatment, avâ€" eraging $170 per acre, have been revealed through a recording of labor and material used by Onâ€" tario Potato growers over a peâ€" riod of years. The result is reâ€" leased by the Farm Economics Branch of the Ontario Departâ€" ment of Agriculture. LOOK JiMm _ wE OOYTAN” SOME TRIN® ABOUT THIS LINE FENCE // ALL yOuR LIVESTOCK CAN WALK RIGHT OVER Y HERE WHERE THE DIRT HAS ROLLED _ # 0 was camlman The farmer who uses modern farming methods benefits himself, his community and his country. He helps keep nature in bulance by retaining soil fertility and keeping the toproil on the form where it belongs, instend of rushing down to the streams and rivers. CARLINGS EUnspoiled â€" _ They have used highly concenâ€" trated quantities of the chemical to spn{‘ fully open apple blossoms while the bees were at work. The force of the spray material even drove the bees awaLtemporarily, but th? returned before it was dry and started collecting nectar again. The dead bees which had worked the sprayed blossoms were subjected to chemical analysis for DDT Not Harm{ul To Honeybees As sprays containing DDT for control of insect pests in fruit, seed, and vegetable growing areas, injurious to honeybeés? Beekeepers in these areas someâ€" times ask this question. According to officials at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottaâ€" wa, the answer isâ€"no. And the officials have experimented conâ€" stantly since DDT became more generally used as an insecticide some few years ago. vours to ExJjoYr â€" vours to‘rrotgct 1M GONNA MAME A | OKAY, OKAYâ€"iTS â€"_â€"_SIONSNNLLC You can know these facts only if you have some seliable way of keeping track of your receipts and You can answer these questions for yourself best if you are in a position to know exactly how much you spend and how much you receive in each of your farm operations. Ahat‘s a lot of money! It represents the gross income from farm products in Canada for 1948. It represents the earnings of Canada‘s biggest primary industry. Is the share of this huge sum of money which came off your farm as much as it might be In other words, is your farm producing to the full extent uf its possibilities? Could it be made to produce more ? Banx or MoNnTREAL Canada‘s Farst Cank ‘ And remember â€" when you ask for a loan at the B of M, you do not ask a favour. You‘ll find your local B of M mautager casy to Lk to and anxious to be of service. * Do YOU NEED READY MONEY FOR SEED AND FERTILIZE®R THIS SPRING? Drop in and talk over your nancial requirements with your focal B of M manager That‘s what thousands of goâ€"ahcad farmers do every year It‘s a routine part of their farm financing, a tidcover arrange ment till the proceeds from sakes come in after the harvest. Milton A. Bechtel, Hespeler, has had the senior herdsire in his purebred Holstein herd classified !a.s XXX the highest classification attainable for type. The classifiâ€" cation was made by George M. VanPatter, official §elective Reâ€" ‘gmrn!ion Inspector for the Holâ€" steinâ€"Friesian Association of Canâ€" ada who is currently grading the Holstein herds in Waterloo. The result of this quite drastic! experimentâ€"normally apple trevs| are not sprayed during the period | of open bloomâ€"proves bcyund' doubt, officials say, that under normal field conditions, DDT 1.si not harmful to honeybees | the presence of DDT. In only one sample was DDT found in suffiâ€" cient quantity to be even suspectâ€" ed as the cause of death. And at no time was the death rate of adult bees, or of brood, any highâ€" er than that which occurred in a check apiary. BECHTEL BULL RECEIVES HIGHEST GRADING The name of the bull is Suâ€" E. B. LAVELLE, Manager WENT INTO ThHIS TOPSOIL DiDN‘T] on. I GET iT NOW Qg%\. OFF NOUR _/JIM_BY PLOWiNG FARM, BJLL . 4T AROUND THE HILL WAS WASHEP )FaACH FUrRoW ACTs As DOWN IN YOUR {A DAM AND KEEPS ThE FURRONS EVERY | WATER FROM WASHING YEAR TRAT YOuR ) THE SQil OFF my LAND‘S BEEH FARM oownoy & TILLED TO Yours preme Abbekerk Posch and he was bred by John H. Older, Thamesford, Ont. _ Now eiglht years old he was considered by Mr. VanPatter to be particularly outâ€" standing in type. He described him as: large and of â€" great OF THIS MONEY A copy of this book is yours for the asking. Call at our local officeâ€"for a copy. While you are in, have a word with our manager. He will be glad to see you and to discuss any problems you may have in the operation of your farm. A few minutes at this book every day or so and you will know just which operations of your farm are doing well, which only fair, which are falling bchind. Then you can take the necessary steps to correct matters.. expenses. We don‘t mean anything coraplicated... just the opposite â€" something quite simple, such as our Farm Account Book. The Christion Science Publishing Society Please send sample capies One, Norway Street, Boston 15, Mass. . D o:wnn‘-mo\vhthn td-\:'o m Weekly Magazine Section. City.. ra e eB @TRFTER EPA e + e c a + * o + 6 +b au ne 49b B d en t sn eb n snn w en CARLING‘S THE CARLING BREWERIES LIMiTED waTrm 00. onTaRMO "M BANK 70 a wiuan Canapans PAt come Last we rReauze our TOPSOIL 1$ PRICELESS ‘/ The MobERN FARMER PROTECTS HIS iNYVESTMENT BY CONTOUR PLQOWING, STRIP CROPPING AND REFORESTING TROSE MILLS WMHIGHM SHOULD HAVE RRMAINED CLOTHED INn TIMBER® POCKET? strength but showing extreme dairy temperament, smooth at the shoulder, level of foln and rump, wide at the pins and thurl, deep in the heart and barrel, wide in ltm- chest and having very good egs. Please send o oneâ€"month trial subscription to The