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The Ottawa Motor Club, one of the . to the left. int«, too near or too far a sparn sisty odd in the Ontario Motor League, 11 â€"Whap is meant by voltage? s ort circuits, dirty platinum has prepared a manual for motorists _ Te pressure used to push current ints,\ late spark, too rich or to« that is very comprebensive and reâ€", of electricity. waak mixture, too strong or tou plete in useful suggestions. For brev ; 12. â€"What is meant by amperage. we&k a\spring tension on vibrator. ity‘s sake it is in the form of a cateâ€"! . Quantity of e‘=ctricity. wrdng iming, _overheated _ motoâ€" chism as follows: ! 13.â€"â€"What is meaunt by make and dirtW disfibutor, disconnected ground 1.â€"What causes a car to start witu break? wire.. a jerk? ; _ Electric cyn-ul mal.ug and breakâ€" 21. â€"Name the cause of gear strip Clutching it too quickly. . inz contact. )pm(‘.' 2.â€" What is a spark knockT i1.â€"â€"What is a trembler? , By chaniking gears too quickly, or Firing on or before centre. Coxtact maker and breaker, whica by* not cqmpleiely releasing the 3.â€"What causes a spark knock? seuds series of flasbhes to the spara clutch, â€" Spark lever too far advanced; carâ€" plug ; 22.â€"What &re motor valves? And bonized pistons | 15.â€"What is a spark gap? â€" what are\ they used for? 4. â€"What causes a car to skid | The open space between the tww They ate mWshroom shaped . cas:â€" Harsh and quick braking ‘points at spark plugâ€"or at make and ings, whicy fit alrâ€"tight against the port 5.â€"How can you help a car from break, or at vibrator on coll. holes of th bustion chambers to skidding? ! 16.â€"What is meant by "the nilaâ€", hold compress into the cylinders. R x Te siive & â€" sns Sn ooo ob s nc PC By retarding the throttle and apâ€"‘ture"? plying the brakes lightly without reâ€" A quantity of gasoline and air. leasing the clutch 1 17.â€"How could you tell when the 6. â€" How can the brakes be saved water pump is not working ? down hill? Motor being hot and radiator cold. By the use of second or low speed. 18.â€"How‘ is timing the | spark 7.â€" What would cause an engine io sleeve? run wild? By a disconnected or broken con nection of rods between the butterity valvo and the throttle leverâ€"or at the acceleratdr pedal. . 8.â€"In this case what ts to ve done the first thing Throw off the switch. 9.â€"Should the clutch refuse to disâ€" engage while car was in motion wha is the first thing to do? Throw off the switch. 10.â€"What is meant by clockâ€"wise? Also antiâ€"clock wise? Clockâ€"wiss means cireling to the right; antiâ€"clockâ€"wise means circling THURSDAY, APRIL 17TH, 1919 Catechism of 160 Questions and An‘b;uhels Prepared by Oi:tawa Automobile Clu a INFORMATION FOR MOTORISTS mbcm MAINTENANCE AND DRIVIMG OF CAR The comfort and satisfaction of the Ford Sedan and Coupe is the talk of the season. Be sure you see them. Closed Car Thompson & Firth _ On the left hand side as you enter the Auditorium you will see the familiar Ford Sign. â€" Be sure you see all the new 1919 models. If you come from out of town make our Garage your headquarters while in the city. We carry a full line of parts and accessories. it 12â€"â€"14 College St. 15.â€"What is a spark gap? The open space between the tw points at spark plugâ€"or at make and break, or at vibrator on coll. 16.â€"What is meant by "the nilaâ€" ture"? A quantity of gasoline and air. 17.â€"How could you tell when the First, by getting compression on No. 1 cylinder, then continue to turn the fly wheel to centre mark, I‘% inches past centre of rear c§linder; retard spark lever, then adjust comâ€" mutator so as to just begin to make contect with No. 1 wire that leads to No. 1 cylinder. 19.â€"How is spark timing adjusted* By the commutator roller and se« screw, or by lengthening the connec«â€" ing rod at the commutator. 20.â€"Name the principal causes of ignition failure? _ . _ â€" _ â€" Weak batteries, broken wires, dirty or loose terminals, dirty spark plux THLS ORIGINAL DOCUMENT 1 22.â€"What }re motor valves? And what are\ they used for? They ate mWshroom shaped . cas:â€" ings, whicQ fit alrâ€"tight against the port holes of th bustion chambers to hold compress into the cylinders. and are also us! to allow the m~. ture to enter inb the cylinders anc to let out the exhhust. 24.â€"What are cams? And wha: are they used for? V shaped projeéliong, eccenlrlcally fitted to a shaft friven by the halfâ€" time gears. Us& for opening the valves at their proper time. 25.â€"What closeq the valyes? Coil springs J‘clins the valve stem. 26.â€"Are there n\y differences 1 in the sizes of springs for inlet and exhaust? & Yes, the exhaust spring is much heavier and stronger {han that of the inlet. 27.â€"How do you time valves? By marks on the fik wheel whicu 23.â€"What nawks are given to valves? * Inlet and exhau' valves. w a wirl â€"a EuC ELCs Ssd nqUH sa all in «t ans, 6t alrâ€"tig k ‘ bu ress hn so us ‘ ter in the exhfu it _ nande: The good qualities of the sturdy Ford car are known to all who have driven one. See , the 1919 model at our exhibit. _ LN VERKY POOR CONDITION Chronicteâ€"Telegraph, Waterlog, Ontario | we placed Mx.'; the makers for tor, carbonize« let opens, . C. meet closes; E. O. exâ€" haust opens, . C., exhaust closes; also the position of the piston. _ ~ _ _ . 28.â€"Name the position of the piston when tae inlet valve opens and closes. ° ' 37.â€"â€"Why are four cycles used inâ€" To open inlet vajve, the piston!stead of two? § should be at the extreme top, just Because of better and cleaner eaving for the down stroke; then io| charge, a fuller compression, a larger ‘lose inlet valve, piston should be at|power stroke, and exhaust is comâ€" he extreme bottom; thisâ€" ends~tBke pletely out when iniet valve opens. suction stroke. To open. the marks} 38. â€"Name the different cycles. m the flywhee} 1. O. should be ‘at Suction, compression, firing, exâ€" he centre of the cylinder; to closw, | haust. he marks on the Aywheel I. C. should| 39.â€"What is a piston? be at center. e i A sart of plug that travels inside 29.â€"Name the positions of pistons | the eylinders used to suck in the mixâ€" when the exhaust vailves open and ture, to compress the charge, the close. } power after the completion and to To open, the:piston should be at the shove out the exhaust. «xtreme bottom just before leaving; 40.â€"What is a cylinder? ‘or the up stroke, or tne marks on‘ A eylinder is a hollow casting bored the flywheel should read E. O. at cen-' for its length truly circular and parâ€" tre of cylinder. To close, the piston!alle!. This part is termed the bore, should be at the extreme top; marks, and im it the piston travels air tight. er on all four cylinders? ! From the baitery to the coil, then Too weak, or too rich a mixture,|to commutator, thence to spark plug, water in the carburetor, wrong adâ€" and it is grounded through the cylinâ€" justment of spark plug gap, 'elllder. or from magneto to the coil, to batteries, late spark, overheated moâ€"‘the distributor, to spark plug and To open, the:piston should be at the shove out the exhaust. «xtreme bottom just before leaving; 40.â€"What is a cylinder? ‘or the up stroke, Sr tne marks on! A eylinder is a hollow casting bored the flywheel should read E. O. at cen-'lor its length truly circular and parâ€" ire of cylinder. To close, the piston|alle!. This part is termed the bore, should be at the extreme top; marks, and im it the piston travels air tight. »u f#ywheel E. C. should be at centré! 41.â€"What is the meaning of com cylinder. | bustion chamber? 30. â€"How slow is the rotation of the; _A space incide the cylinder beâ€" ‘am shaft? ‘tween the top of the piston and the Two to one, or half the speed of cylinder head. he crank shaft. 42.â€"Name the firing order. 31.â€"Name cause of weak compresâ€" On four cylinder motors it is 1, 2, sion. 4, 3 and 1, 3, 4, 2. Wrong timing of valves; pittea} 43.â€"When number 1 is firing what valves; leaky valve plugs; leaky pet are 2, 4 and 3 doing? :ocks, the opening of piston rings all No. % is compressing, No. 4 is sickâ€" lurned one way. ing in mixture and No. 3 is shoving 32.â€"What are pet cocks for? out the exhaust. To release compression when tur~â€" 44.â€"What is the cause of one cylâ€" ing the engine by hand for cleaning,‘inder misfiring? for adjusting sparking by the plston.l Pitted spark plug, short‘ circuited Kerosene (coal ofl} is injected by the spark plug, dirty or 1ooze terminals, pet cock, to make piston work more{or broken wire â€" between coil and freely or: to remove carbow‘ from spark plug, or between magneto and piston head. â€" | spark plug of that cylindor; to near 33. â€"What is the remedy for weak or too far a spark gap. Retiming of valves, . grinding or valves, white lead on valve p)u..l threads, white lead on pet . cock threads. I _ 33.â€"What is the remedy for weak compression? _ â€" i. â€" 34.â€"What would cause loss of pow er on all four cylinders? â€" Kitchener _ _About 1â€"3% of an inch between the points. _ 36. â€"How many eycles are there? 45.â€"What are spark plugs used for? Used to ig;‘#e the gas mixture, in combustion mbers. 46. â€"Explain how the electricity travels? The greatest truck of{its capacity in the ‘ s world. _ Ask any man who drives one and [‘ then see the one we have on exhibition. fâ€"‘; It is connected and operated by n throttle lever at the steering whee., also at the accelerator on the footâ€" board. 57.â€"What is a throttle lever? It is a lever used to open and close the butterfly valve, to increase the speed of the engine required. It is operated by hand. 50.â€"What effect would a late spark have on a motor? s & 148. â€"How is a magneto sgtousdel" Usually by its base being bo?‘ to base of the motor.â€"otherwipg: #" wire is attached to it from the ground. _ 51.â€"What is a set spark on a moâ€" tor mean? ° es * It meansâ€" thatâ€"the distributor rcd is connected . to the throttle lever,. so that both arc sperated at the same time, of ‘somefimes the connecting rod on theâ€"distributor is connected to w governor. 52.â€"What is the meaning of a dua: system * The batteries and magneto operai ing at the same time. 53.â€"â€"What is a carburetor? It is an apparatus used to mix gas~â€" line with air. It has a float to keep the gasoline at a uniform level. From this chamber the gasoline passes into the spray nozle, where the air enâ€" ters at the same time, and is mixed before It gets into the cyliader. 49.â€"How can you tell when. spark is late? 64.â€"Name the different chambers in a carburetor? Float chamber, air chamber, mixing chamber. 55.â€"What is a butterfly va‘ve and what is it used for? ~ Z= It is a round disc situated in the mixiog chamber used to regulate the amount of mixture to pass into cvlinâ€" der. Ton Truck _ From battery nua:.- metailic part of the motor, the current -4;â€"3::?;‘-%% Loss of power, or by marks on fily wheel. (See No. 18.) _ _ s It usually overheats the motor, as well as causes loss of powey, 56.â€"How is the butterfly valve opâ€" erated ? 4t~â€"How is the gisis t eoalii®‘ dn vinctilihg ts Phone 85 from low to i giving a b > 61.â€"What 4o: ther used for? »dtg To send currentâ€"#0 % series of flasheim svizbs ~ 63.â€"What are the mesnin ative and positive mines? . ‘The positive wires are & fowing from batteries »and wires are the returniag,â€"Of plement of currentse =;): â€" 64.â€"What are primary: 84 ary wires? t adtog Primary wire is the wire make and break:» toveoil .C&F tension . current;.~ seconda the wire from coll, touthe 4 then to the spark plug CA high tension current> t hill _ 67.â€"What is meant byâ€"low and high tension : in electrici for? n use . 2404 _ For d‘stributing ithe « differen: > > cy inders‘!149 65.â€"What difference :is> batteries and magneto. Magneto spark is Amrl more powerful, alsoâ€"more‘j than that of the batteries. Low tension means :loWw with high amperage, while B sion is very great in voltage‘ in amperage, which turms 4t the sudden change in the °C now gives a high voltage, the n‘ing a greater amount of he# spark plug. The magneto chrrent. is voltage th. that; ‘0f the while the b&grfim-m big perage. £d+ ef o5 66.â€"What differene®‘ is their current? Judg gust Go up the hill 60.â€"What is a A coil is used. b 62. â€"W (Continued on Page 28.) x ~A