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Prepared by James A. Bell Soc. C. E,. St. Thomas, strnction from the Mini ture. (Coneladed from last week.) FouNDATIONS. The stability and permanence of any structure depends upon its foundation, so it is with roads. _ A poor foundation will scon make a poor surface ; the best material may be used but it will soon get into holes, ruts and depressions if the foundation is bad. One of the main essentials for a good road founâ€" dation is thorough drainage, both surâ€" face and subsoil. Tt is quite impracâ€" tible to construct successfully a good road with any kind of material on a soil that is filled with water having no outlet. â€" Therefore, the first thing to be done in making a good road. after the grade is established, is to remove the water from beneath the roadbed and afiord an easy means of its escape from the surface. Tt is necessary to considâ€" er the kind and nature of soil that the road is to be built upon before making provision for its drainage. â€" Different classes of soil require different treatâ€" ment, but in every case it is necessary to thoroughly dry the soil by drainage before proceeding further with the work. Gravels and sands are easily dealt with, as they do not hold water in suspension, but clays and most other soils are more cX leult, and it requires care and good judgment in most cases to decide on the best means of removing the subsoil water. If the soil is porâ€" ous and will not hold the water in suspension, then side drains will be sufficient, but if the soil is retentive or springy, then it is necessary that unâ€" der drains should be ‘placed along the road, with cut of drains leading to the side ditches at short intervals. Unâ€" der drains are best constructed of field tile 3 or 4 inches in diameter, and should be at least two and oneâ€"half feet deep from the surface. Someâ€" times one drain along the centre of the road will be sufficient, but two drains are better, one on each side of the finished roadbed. The joints of the tile should be close, so as to prevent any of the soil from getting into the drain and they should be filled in with cobble, broken stone, or broken brick, in order to take the soakace from the surface. soakage rrom the suriace. Side drains may be constructed open, or where possible it is better to have them also of tile and filled in with stone and eravel. A uniform and sufficient grade in the bottom of the drains is very desirable and they should at all times be kept in perfect repair. A little attention for a short time will give the sides a sodded bank which will not cave in or wagh away. Tt is also a good thins to sow away. 16 IS also a §000. PM the sides of the ditch when .c with grassseed, and thus h: sodding of the banks. â€" Culve be put in across the roadbe necessary; and should be mad ivon stone, or vibrified fireâ€" purposes, can 8O the pipe foundri they are coated a tar, will not rust destructible. â€" an dest1 eulv are sta tren dept tren stiff tren the 6 fe All tl PP hub in Hard stone that will not moisture is well adapted. for struction of culverts, but a gr more care must be exercised structin> them than in pubting skilled culvert CWy THE MAKING OF ROABS tâ€"ron. waterâ€"pip id the pressu Pb at ilso T prl‘ ch will not cave mâ€"or wash Tt is also a good thing to sow s of the ditch when. completed issâ€"seed, and thus hasten the of the banks. _ Culverts should in across the roadbed where il The that the ed the fu th ; A. Bell, P. L. S., Mem. Can Thomas, Ont. under instrucâ€" the Minister of Agriculâ€" id with bl ied fireâ€"clay pipe. , which will not ~ for waterworks lly, be obtained at it a reduced cost ; ca solution of the fi 11 pr t] gre the d f cast Peanâ€" ‘llent They conâ€" deal la ary the the the perfectly solid and secure, and the whole work done in a firstâ€"class manner or else the whole structure will sooner or later prove a failure. If the earth foundation is not of a satisfactory desâ€" cription, then concrete or plank should be used to place the stone work on. If it is for‘a live stream, plank is the cheapest and will not rot under water. The plank should be placed across the line of the culvert, and extend back on each side the full depth of the walls. To prevent the earth from washing away the bottom, it can be cheaply ‘eonstructed â€" of â€" cobbleâ€"stone. _ Care ‘must always be taken to prevent the water from getting behind the sideâ€" walls, and where the fall is great, it may be necessary to make an apron of stone at the lower end to prevent the water from washing out the earth after it leaves the culvert. In all cases, unless the stones are large and flat, ‘ stonework for culverts should be laid in the best mortar, composed of hyâ€" draulic cement and clean, sharp sand. Of late years saltâ€"glazed vitrified sewerâ€"pipe have been largely used for culverts, and if wellâ€"laid are well adapâ€" ted for the purpose. Care must be taken to make the excavation conform as nearly as possible to the shape of the half of the pipe, with proper depâ€" pressions for the hubs. The joints should be caulked with clay or cement. If this is not done the water may force itself out of the joints and wash the earth from around the pipe. The earth should be carefully and solidly rammed around the pipe, and the upper surface of the pipe should be at least 15 inches below the surface of the roadway. The following table shows the size, capacity and price of sewer pipe in car lots at almost any railroad station in Ontario. Diam.of Capacity Weight per Price per Pipe foot. foot. inches. . sq. ins. Tb, $ ° 10 78 34 30 12 113 44 35 15 177 63 53 18 254 84 80 20 814 100 1 10 24 452 208 1 25 They are now making what is termed "double strength pipes," â€" particularly adapted for culverts; they weigh conâ€" siderably heavier than the above, and and cost about 40 per cent. more per foot. Drains should be constructed to take the water away freely from the lower end of the culvert, as the freezing of the water in the pipe culvert when over half full is liable to burst it... The use of wood for small eulverts is not econâ€" omical in comparison to culvert pipe; they very soon decay, and are in such cases, to a certain extent, dangerous. WiptH or RoapBEp. The width of the roadbed. between the side ditches will vary according to the width of metaled surface that is intended to be put upon in, but it should in no case be less than 20 ft. (except in fills, which should be fenced). Anything of less width than this, with an open ditch on each side of the road, is someâ€" what dangerous. Where the metaled surface is to be 16 ft. wide, the roadâ€" bed should be 24 ft. wide, and for a metaled surface of 24 ft. the roadbed should be 30 ft. wide, unless there is a curb on each side of the metaled portion. RoADpBED. In preparing the roadbed have all perishable material discarded. The earth taken from the side ditches should be placed upon the roadbed, making the centre higher than the sides and of a convex form, allowing sufficient fox sinkage when rolled; the objects of this convex shape is to facilitate the flow of the water into the side ditches. â€" Where the metaled surface is to be of a stone asmall rise is sufficient, for earth roads it should be_more. . For stone roads the rise should be about oneâ€"fortieth of the width of the roadbed ; in gravel roads, oneâ€"twentyâ€"fifth, and on earth roads the centre should be at least 1 foot higher than the sides for a 20 foot road. The ‘above will allow for a slight sinkage by travel. The founâ€" dation for the metaled portion should be made of the same shape as that intended for the finished surface. | Tt should be well â€"rolled with either a heavy horse or steam roller, and if any depressions are made â€" they should be filled in and it. should be again. rolled, until it presents a smooth and unyieldâ€" ing surface. It is then in condition to receive the metal surface decided upon, Continued in next issue. Tourists. Whether on pleasure bent or business, should take on every trip a bottle of Syrup of Figs, as it acts most pleasantly and effecâ€" tually on the kidneys, liver and bowels, preâ€" ventiug fevers, headaches and other forms of sickness. â€" Forsale in 73¢ bottles by all leadâ€" ing druggists. Ripans Tabules : for sour stomach. SHouLp BE TirED.â€""How is my waggon getting along?" asked the butâ€" cher. . "You‘ve had it six weeks!" "All ready but the wheels. They‘re not tired yet," returned the wheel mender. 12 4s very import material progress t] to the taste and to acceptable to the stc nature and effects. ties, Syrup a{Figs tive and most gent! ""Well, they 0 waiting so Jong, Ripar 50 63 Progress. rtant in this a : that a remedy to the eye, ca stomach and he ht to, be they‘ve been said the butcher. 10 16 23 34 44 the one perfe iuretic known for liver ige of vast be pleasing sily taken, althy in its these qualiâ€" erfect laxaâ€" U ubles. 13 20 25 30 35 53 80 10 of disesses start froma torpid liver and impure blood. . Dr. Pierce‘s Golden Medical Discovery cures every one of them. . It prevents them, too. Take it as you ought, when you feel the first symptoms (Iangour, loss of appetite, 1 \ 3 Noh t uts Facess ts l{ull;PSR, (ie\-prf-‘ssim:) and you‘ll save yourself something serious. In building up needed flesh _ and strength, and to purify and entich the blood, nothing can equal the "Discovâ€" ery." Tt invigorates the liver and kidâ€" neys, promotes all the bodily functions, and brings baek health and vigor. â€" For Dyspepsia, "Liver Complaint," Biliousâ€" ness, and all Rerofulons, Skin and Serlp Diseases, it is the only remedy that‘s guamntem‘l to benefit or cure, in every case or the money is refunded. About Catarrh. No matter what you‘ve tried and found wanting, you can be cured by Dr. Sage‘s Catarch Remedy. The proprietors of this medicine ngree enariee F to Rumvmarism Curep 1N a Day.â€"South American Rheumatic Cure for Rheumatism and Neuralgia radically cures in 1 to 3 days. Tts actoin upon the system is remarkable and mysterious. It removes at once the cause and the disease immediately disappears. The first dose greatly benefits. 75c. _ Warâ€" ranted by Ed. M. Devitt Draggiss, Waterâ€" Give tus CountErsiox.â€"A young lieutenant in a line regiment recently met with a sad rebuff at Portsmouth. The l1eutenant was perading in full uniform one day, »nd approached a sentry, who challenged him with "Halt! Who goes there?" The lieutenant, with contempt in every lineament in his face, expressed his feelings with an indignant "Ass!" The sentry‘s reply, apt and quick came, "Advance, ass, and give the countersign." Williams‘ Royal Crown Remedy is said l to be the greatest cure on earth. Guaranâ€" teed to cure general nervous debility, rheuâ€" matism, neuralgia, paralysis etc. Ripans Tabules are of great value. To THE PoINT.â€"Verbosity is the beâ€" setting sin official of correspondence, so that a laconic despatch is refreshing. The Secretary of the treasury wrote to the collector at the port of Mobile: "Sir,â€"This department is destrous of knowing bow far the Tombigbee river runs up. _ You will please communicate the information." The reply reads; "Sir,â€" I have the bonor toacknowledee the receipt of your letter of the 15th ult., and of informing yon in reply that the Tombigbee river does not__run up at all."â€"N.Y. Independent.’% Ripaas Tabules are always ady. Rebecca Wilkinson,f â€" Brownsvalley, [nd says; "I had been in /. distressed condition for three years from Nervousness, Weakness of the Stomach, Dyspepsia and Indigestion until my health was gone. _ Ihad been doeâ€" toring constantly with no relief. _ I bought one bottle of South American Nervine, which done me more good than any §50 worth of doctoring I ever did in my life. 1 would advise every weakly person to use this valuable aud lovely remrdy. _ A trial bottle will convince you. _ Warranted by E. M. Devitt, Druggist, Waterloo. Ripans Tabules cure jau®: * THx late Duke Maximilian, father of of the Empress of Austria, was one of the most simple and affable of men. One day, as he was travelling between his country residence and Yienna, he fell into conversation with a banker from Stuttgart. ‘"Are you going to Vienna!" asked the duke.. "Yes, to see my daughter. She has just been married." _ "Ab!" said the duke, "mine has just married also. . Was it a good match?" "Excellent! And that of your daughter?" "Not bad either." ‘"My daughter married the banker Gold: schmidt." "Mine the Emperor _ of Austria."â€"Harper‘s Bazar. If you want to buy or sell a Farm adâ€" vertise in‘ the Toronto ‘Weekly Ma il" That paper reaches 100,000‘ farmers‘ homes every week and your advertise ment should meet t‘ e eye of some one who wants to purch: se. Advertisements of this clas are inserted in the Toronto ‘Weekly Mail‘ for Five cents a word for each insertion or Twenty Cents a word for five insertions, Address ‘The Mailâ€" Toroato, Canada. Ripans Tabules cure the blues. Among the smart repartees delivered in the recent political campaign, honâ€" ourable mention should be made of Mr. Hammond‘s reply to an indiscreet inâ€" terrupter. _ Mr. Hammond‘s magisterâ€" ial experience is of long standing, and on this occasion, as the Neweastle Jourâ€" mal says, it stood him in good. stead. At one of his meetings a voice from the crowd bellowed forth, "Get_ your hair wut, Charlie !" . The laugh soon turned the other way, for, adjusting his spectâ€" acles and fixing an imperturaUle look upon the individual, he retorted, with perfect sang froid : "My dear friend, if I am not mistaken, I have been the means of your having your hair cut beâ€" fore toâ€"day." find out where anyone is, advertise in the Toronto ‘Daily Mail‘ and read the adâ€" vertisements on the third page of that paper. ‘Zhs charge is two cents a word each insertion, or ten cents a word for six irsertions. Address ‘The Mail M Tero éu'rerg'ou, or pay you $500 in cash, *~Apans Tabules cure bad breath Ripans Tabules cure nausea Rinans Tabules have come to stay irk well u nto, Lanada. tipans Tabules cure dyspepsia A Long Procosston s sure corn cure will ccre any bunion or mole. nechantc, 2 , if you have you want to advertise in Waterploo County Chronicle. liousâ€" Scalp that‘s fivel‘y Stoves 1 Stoves ! o You Intend Buying a Stove ? OUR STOCK OF Ranges, Cook Stoves, And Heaters IS NOW COMPLETH. we have the best assortment in the County, and at prices that will surprise you. Plulp Gigs & b0., J JaS tJP JPULPBE Saw Logs Wanted. The undersigned are paying the highest market price for all kinds of saw logs delivered at their factory. . We trust that our old customers who wish to have their logs sawn will again give us a call as we do good work at the lowest prices. Wegenast & Co. Waterloo, Nov.. 15th, 1892 L. DANDENO, Delmonico Block, â€" Bopli Confectionery, Bread, Cakes, Cheap Harness J. STREBEL‘S, No other brand of Tobacceo has ever enâ€" joyed such an immense sale and popularity in the same period as this brand of Cut Plug and Plug Tobaceo. Oldest Cut Tobacco manufacâ€" turers in Canada. OLB CHUNM (CGUT PLUG.) CANADIAN BLOCK. BERLIN. Cut Plug, 10c. 4 Tb Plug, 10c. 4 Ib Plug, 20c. Hello There ! ERB STRERT WATERLOO. Has on hand a new stock of Call and see his choice stock Now is the time for (PLUVU & .) MONTREAL. Oysters, Light Drinks, Hot Tea and Coffee. oplin, $ 6 f :« phant: | $ \i( ; i g y\% i }| E B\ % Efi BROTHERS Cheap Cash Store, 3000 yds. of Satin and Silk Ribâ€" bons worth 5, $ and 1oc. per yard, will be sold this week for 24c per yard. The Balance of a Wholesale Stock of Grey Wool Debeiges worth 25 and 30c. per yard will be sold this week at 12%%c. yer yard, This is the greatest barga‘in we have ever offered in dress goods. A Special line of DOUBLE FOLD Dress goods in Diagonals, plain colours, all the NEw SHADESâ€"will be sold this week for 25 c. per yard. We are opening daily shipments of New Dress goods, our Special imports in Whip Cords, Bengalines, Ottoman Armours and. Spotted Esterwanes, lovely goods, all Wool which we will sell this week at 40 so and 60c. per yd ; the very latest Novelties of the Season. PRINTS & New prints fast Colors Warrant ed ; 5ec.7c. 8¢. and 10c, per yard A Special shipment this week of Crums, 32 inch prints delaine patâ€" terns worth 15c. will be sold for 12%c. A large shipment of spring Shirtâ€" ings, New patterns, are selling fast at 6 7 S and toc. per yd. Thebest Shirtings this week will be sold at 11%%e. per yd. SPRING New Stylish Spring Mantles for $2.50. Better goods sell at $3:50,; $4.00, $5.00 Terms Cash & Ono Price. (ressuan & Hallnar BERLIN Kindly invite everybody to call on them when in Berlin, ard examine their stock of Wall Paper, ; Books and Slaughter Prices General Dry Goods, Men‘s and Boys‘ Ready Made Suits and Overcoats, Hats and Caps, Etce. Next door to Bowman‘s Brug Store, Berlin. HATS AND GAPS. Good workmanship and cusranteed. SMYTH BROS. Cheap Cash St Formerly carried on by B S. Halln DRESS GOODS. The City Tailor. KING STREET, SHIRTING AND JACEKBETS. RIBBONS. Call here for your A. SIPPEL, CÂ¥ KING St, BERLIN East of Market, BERLIN ANTLES Stationery, Store NGS. fit Fall stock in the latest New York. English and Canadian styles arriving daily. Bettor Assortment than ever. _ BOOT AND SHOE STOREK, We have everything in the lins of footwear. Headguarters for Trunks and YValises. New Williams Sewing Mechines. Es sn «f :j & r pyd it E‘} ta s3 § has been phenomenal, and yet not so very, compared with the snaps we are now offering in Men‘s, Youths‘ and Boys‘ Suits, Overâ€"Coats, Hats and Caps. We are determined on clearing out the balance of our winter stock at very close cut prices, to make room for our Mammoth spring purchase which we are expecting to arrive Daily. Below we quote a few special lines, and there are many others too numerous to mention. Honey Comb towelling @ 5cts per yard, Shaker Flannell @ 6cts per yard Homeâ€"made Flannell @ z20cts per yard, Table oil cloth @25ctsper yard, Heavy all wool socks, two pair for 25cts, Four spools best thread for 1octs. This is the place to buy your Ties, Collars, Cuffs, Handkerâ€" chiefs, Hosiery, &c,. We will present to each purchaser of Men‘s, Youths‘, or Boys‘, suits Overcoats, Hats or Caps to the amount of one Dollar or over, a pair of all wool socks or child‘s under Shirt or Drawers, or a pa‘r of good susâ€" penders for each dollar‘s worth bought, until further notice. Make no mistake in the place, the Montreal Bankrupt Clothing store On Saturday last the 315 taking Sale, which we will c uary, 1893. â€" Goods in all d to the lowest noteh. Men Boots, Shoes, Rubbers and Dress Goods, Hosiery, Glov Stocktaking Sale. Come e The Bankrupt Store Berlin Remember ready made clothing. a specialty, P 44 BX EFE! S al ,.;'/" 2P % SIGN RED, WH S, SilDAR & (CT. o . 5. RCQOCCs, A pleasure to show Goods. § KING STREET, BERLIN the 31st December we commenced our big Stockâ€" ve will continue for one month to the 31st of Janâ€" in all cepartments for this sale will be maraed down i: Men‘s andBoys‘ Suits and. Overcots at. cost. ers and Over Shoes down to lowest possible prices. ry, Gloves, etc., all down to cost during our big Come early and secure best bargains. PEDDIE & ERNST a | 6 P & B 24 © is Stockt 0f The Past Foew Bays To TT M Popular Boot & Shoe Store. A&ND SEE akine Sale at AND BLUBE