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*' -â-  ! * M > . « « « « r T * â-  « ^ * i A * 03fm Gems â€" Getting in shape for the "Miss Photoflash of 1950" •ontest are beauties Martha Lou Edwards, swinging Indian dubs; Peggj' Smith, on the rowing machine, and Jean Brooks, on bicycle. Cooper, The Creotor Spent 40 Years Building, Fixing In a wing of University College, •loie bjr the Soldien' Tower and looking out on the Hoskin Aveaue yiaying field, ia a quiet old-fashioned workshop. In the workshop for 30 jrwrs (and on the staff of the Uni- wsity of Toronto for 41) wag quiet, •ompetent George C. Cooper. George . Cooper spent hia entire Ifane building or fixing up different Unds of apparatus. He put together itom scratch such varied items as toowplows and rat mazes. He made twenty electric clocks, before such were on the market. George Coopfr's official title was .*lechnician." The words "technician" and '"mechanician" arc used inter- •hangeably to apply to men whose fob it la to turn out equipment for Mudcnt labaratory use or for re- faarch or just for the maintenance of University property. Usually the vbjecta are modelled on a sketch by a professor. They are the kind of object that can't be purchased anywhere. Their fabrication requires isigenuity, and the ability of some- one who is an inventor every day ot his life Two major qualifications made Oeorge Cooper an outstanding tech- â- ician. First was his training. He aerved his apprenticeship in a small •hop in Gravenhurst, Ontario, where kc started by sweeping floors and kelping the blacksmith. Gradually he started working in the machine Sop and the general repair shop, c was there for three years. The second qualification was a Mtural creative ability. During his first eleven years at the University, George Cooper was attached to the general maintenance staff. He fixed potato peelers and ice eream machines: He did innumer- able job^ for members of the aca- demic staff. Dr. C. A. Chant, then head of astrophysics, wanted a min- iature set of planets to show rela- tive sizes. Cooper made them and mounted them ("the earth was a little wee thing"). He also made a 34-inch celestial globe of brass wire, a complicated affair. He made the first snowplow used on University grounds. Year after year it was put to work bucking tnow drifts until five or six inches had been worn off the boilerplate that Cooper had turned into the ac- tual blade of the plow. He also put together the first carts used for col- lecting leaves in the fall. Bit by bit, George Cooper's handiwork started popping up ail over the campus. He never let himself get stale. "I've been a kind of student all through my life," he said a few weeks ago. He took a correspon- dence course in machine design and mechanical engineering, and for two years he took mechanical drafting at a technical school. Meantime, he made keys and locks and a rotar>- turntable for a copy of V'eiius de Milo. He constructed a Jarge ma- chine for picking up display cases and moving them bodily to ano- ther part of the Museum. When the first World W'ar was underway, George Cooper entered one of the most constructive phases of his work as a technician. Profes- sor E. A. Bott (then Captain Bott) had nine men working under him in Hart Houst, operating a civil r«- ••tablishment centre for veterans. Cooper was called in to construct devictg to help disabled veterans 5 at over their disabilities. One of the lings that Cooper made is typical of the kind of work nt di<i *.. that time. Captain Bott wanted an appa- ratus that would help veterans who had lost a leg make us* of the •tump •• a preliminary to furthw reh«lbnit»tlon. Por Mm, Coopor bor- ed a hole in a large bowlitig ball. A cable could be attached to the •tump from which hung a pin that could be inserted in the bowling ball and held by a spring attach- ment. The veteran could then swing the bowling ball, and let go of it at the strategic time â€" actually bowl- ing with the stump of • his leg. A bowling alley was set up. The scheme was eminently successful. During the last war, George Coop- er constructed a recording device for R.C.A.F. Link Trainers. He also rigged up a swing which the air force used as an air test for recruits. The swing was operated by hand until Cooper powered it with elec- tricity. The twenty eJectric clocks that were a product of Cooper's talent were put together from bits and pieces. Only the dials and the hands were bought. The clocks were dis- tributed here and there in the Uni- versity There was a master clock and a big drum punched with 900 holes. Pins passed over the drum and settled in certain holes at cer- tain times which rang bells in dif- ferent buildings. It was quite an operation. "Taking them all round, the clocks did pretty well." said Cooper modestly. The Cooper workshop was filled with machines he had set up him- self â€" machine and wood lathes, a milling machine, a planer, a band •aw, and drill presses. All this ma- chinery was taken over b}' Jack Clark, who succeeded Cooper last June. During the thirty years he worked for the Department of Psychology, George Cooper became mildly inter- ested in the subject which was the basis of his labours. "I used to read certain books on psychology, but sometimes I^on't think I learned a great deal," he commented. He made rat mazes and perimeters and moat of the gadgets that fill the psy- chology laboratory in the Econo- mics Building on Bloor Street. In recognition of his work, -the Depart- ment of Psychology presented him with a fine engraved gold watch when he retired. George Cooper had a true sense of humour. "It would spurt out of htm all at once." a friend says. He was easy-going, people liked him, but he minded his own business. He lived a regulated but busy life. He liked going on motor tours with his wife. The Cooper's only son is a paymaster in th« Toronto Folic* Department. Music was a dominant force ia George Cooper's Hf«. At 14 h« ]}layed a bass horn in a band. H* played various instruments in boya' bands ind later in regimental band*. "I can't claim any brilliance about my playing," he said, "but I man- aged to get away with it." He also enjoyed singing. He sang in the Na- tional Chorus and was a charter member of the Canadian National Exhibition Chorus. "I don't know how many church choirs I've been in," he remarked. His work made him a philosopher. From time to time people would ask him to mak* gadgets that he knew wouldn't work. Nevertheless he would follow the ideas of the man who gave him the job. But he would come home to his wife and remark that he had been ^planting the cabbage upside dov;n, and if it doesn't grow, well all right." George Cooper's mechanical abil- ity Wis evident when he was young. He made himself an ice boat and a pair ot sp«ed skates. The speed skates were 16 inches long, and deadly. They were designed along new lines, and he won everything in sight, with them. There used to be some hot disputes by speed skating committees as to whether George Cooper should be allowed to use his dangerous new skates. But he not only won the argument, most of the time, but also the race. In October 1949. a heart condition from which George Cooper had been suffering grew worse and he was taken to hospital. On October 18th he passed away. â€" From The \arsity Graduate. True Chivalry At a dinner party the hostess, during a lull in the conversation, gave a loud and rasping hiccup. A Frenchman sitting by her, immedi- ately apologized as though he had committed the faux pas. When the women had left th« dining-room an -American asked the Frenchman why he had acted in this manner. "Ah, monsieur, we are a chival- rous people," was the reply. "I saw that the lady was embarrassed, so I tried to turn the blame to my- self." Presently the men joined the women. After a while the American found himself in conversation with his hostess in the middle of a group o( guests. Suddenly the hostess hiccupped again. This time th* American turned to the guests and said: "Say. folks, this one's on me!" n h 1 H^v EV'^ <«>« ^Hk 1 m ^^.::. m '1 •:-â- .;!: â-  l-1 ft, I- f ^^^m i^^H 1 ^ y i 1 ^i ~f^y>f ^â- -^ '-^, * Old Bible Editionrâ€" Dr. Nelson Glueck, president of the Ho- brew Union College holds th« newest addition to the school't rare book collection. It is a "limited edition" of the Penta- teuch, the first five bookB of the Bible, which was printed 1842. Quickest way to balance the household budget would be for the neighbours to stop buying thing* we can't afford. Surrealist Exhibits Work â€" Salvatoi Dali. famous surrealist and mystic painter, dioplayi his painting of tlte Madonna, which he showed to the Pc^ during t recent visit. Arriving in this country a short while ago Dali brouijht tour other paintings to MtKibit ki Now^ork Winston'* G>in*-Back • A Brisbane man, who s«rv*d a* a young soldier in th« Aldcr»hot Command fifty years ago, told Aus- tralians this little-known atory of Winston Gturchill the other day: The ex-Premier was then a young subaltern. One day, after travelling on duty, he •ubmitted an out-of- pocket exoenses account to the payuiiisicr. .\niong tiie item* wait "Porter, two s+iilhngi." The paymaster sent Churchill a memo, instructing him to u«e the word "porterage" in future and. never "porter." Churchill at once replied; "1 have noted the contents of your memo. When hiring a cab, should I also itemize the expense a* ' 'cabbasre'?" These Lady Drivers A woman drove into a scrvico station to complain that her car was using up too much gas. Tint attendant pointed to the ciioke levar which protruded from the deait- board. "Do you know what thia is for?" he asked. "Oh, that," saitf the woman airily. "I nevw tt»e it* so I keep it pulled out to hang my handbag on." The -Annual Meeting of Shareholders The Royal Bank of Canada PRESIDENT ADVOCATES FIVE STEPS TOWARD WORLD TRADE REVIVAL DeTaluation has ai least broken the log jam; but we must take immediate ad antage of this initial break in the barriers to trade which have been thrown up by overvalued exchange rates ..nd rigidly held in place by government controls. The steps, in my opinion, are as follows: First, nations of the world should re-learn a basic lesson of the first world war, -and settle their war debts . . . Second, for a certain fixed period, we should let the market determine rates of exchange, as it did itnmediately after the first world war . . . Third, at the end of this period of free-market valuation, we should stabilize currencies by reference to the rates which the free-market has determined . . . Fourth, having stabilized ex- change rates at the lerel decreed by the free market, the world must adopt some device to keep them that way . . . The gold standard kept nations within their means before the days of the great illusion that inter- national equilibrium can only be achieved by clamping the fetters of exchange control upon free international trade . . . Fifthj the gold standard (or its equivalent) must be made to work by the prope. discipline not only of debtor but of creditor nations as well. This means a return to the two basic require- ments of responsible creditor nations: vigorous international lending and free trade. . Programme for Trade Recovery Calls for Exchange Stabilizer Canada's reputation, achievement and strength offset anxieties caused by world conditions â€" development of resources, increiised population and foreign trade needed .\ five-point programme for world recovery was a feature of James Muir's Presidential address at the Annual Meeting of shareholders of The Royal Bank of Canada. Mr. Muir also stressed Canada's econo- mic deveIopmv;nt and her continuing role in world economy. Reviewing internationaU currency experience during the 19th and 20th centuries. Mr. Muir referred to the stability of sterling before 1914. "Severa," important factors contri- buted to the enduring dependability of the sterling standard. First, debtor nations accepted exchange parities which they were able to maintain through relatively small adjustments of prices and money incomes. Second, debtors were will- in>t .o accept the discipline of the gold standard and to acquiesce, under the rule, of that standard, in the 'price and income adjustments which their trading position re- quired. And third, the world's cre- ditor. Great Britain, made additional sterling available through the vigor- ous international lending of her financial and business community and the free trade policv of her governii'eiit. COMBINE PAST, PRESENT •In meeting any emergency we must combine the lessons of the past with inventiveness and imagination m the present. In the past, as in any relatively normal period, responsi- bility for international economic stability was divided between the creditor and debtor countries of the world. But, in the period immedi- ately following the second world war the primary responsibilitv lay with the creditors; and in meeting this responsibility, the United States and Canada embarked on an unprecedented program of loans and fifts to the war-torn countries of iurope . . ." "The nations of Europe, through their own efforts and with the help of loans and gifts from abroad, have built up their production to the pre-war stand, rd. Further progress in production would be immensely beneficial, but the immediate problem has be- come not production as such but afficient production. In other words, we are back to normal times again in the sense that the old problems of competition in international trade, such as costs, prices, and salesraan- •hip, must once more be met. Under these conditions, we still ne'cd the inventiveness and imagination which have helped debtor and creditor countries 'by co-operative effort to progress as far as they have along the road to world recovery. But we need also to restore as nearly as we can the 'favorable economic •nvironment that made international stability possible in the golden age of the sterling standard . . ." THE CANADIAN ECONOMY Mr. Muir discussed the Canadian •conomy in 1949 under four main heads: "(1) Canada's reputation, (2) Canada's record, (3) Canada's weak- ness, and (4) Canada's strength. (1) Canada'* Reputation. Mr. Muir pointed out that among foreign observers "Canada is at once tlie bulwark of free enterprise, and a model of wisdom of government regulation; the possessor of an admirable private banking system and f the best practice in efficient Central Bank control: the strong- hold of a sound conservative tradi- tion and the home 'of interesting sxperiments in political and econ- omic order." "We don't have to be too modest, at least among ourselves. We can spare ourselves an inferiority com- plex and the abnorniial national behavior to which it may give rise. As a nation, we have accomplished much; not all of it is good, but the power for good is there; and In 1949, as in previous years, our good repute is, in large measnre, supported by our record." (2^ Canada'* Record. Mr. Muir briefly summarizexl Canadian busi- ness conditions in 1949. The year saw "a further increase in Canada's industrial plant and equipment, the maintenance of the high levels of consumption attained in 1948, and the over-all expansion of thi. net and '^ross national product beyond the record levels of a year ago." He noted too that "Canada is one of the few countries today that can still boast a substantial budget •urplu*. This not only contributes to stability, but it turns prosperity to good account by improving the credit of the government." (J) Canada's W*akn**s. Mr. Muir r*f rred in some detail to Canada's •xport position and her vulnerability to the current unbalance- in inter- national markets, .\fter summar- itlng Canada's tra<!e in 1949, two main conclusions were stressed: "First, our over-all surplus with the world is dwindling; and. second, our direct earnings of dollars through exports to the United States is be- comiiis r*lM4v*ly more important than our indirect earnings of dollars through trade with U.S. -financed Europe." Mr. Muir referred to the danger of losing established markets in Europe but "the continueu failure of our overseas customers to earn sufficient dollars, through trade and investment rather than through gifts from the dollar area may force us to realign our trade. That is, we may have to contemplate the con traction of traditional markets in Europe offset to some degree by increased sales to the dollar area." "The least transferable of our major exports overseas are wheat and wheat flour." In this case, he pointed out, "shifting is difficult owing to large exportable surpluses of these products within the Ll^uited States, i'o finance wheat exports through new loans to the United Kingdom would mean a return to our lending policy of 1945-46 and a return to our dollar-short P' isition of 194"." "The most favorable development in our world trade would be an increase in our imports from Europe and especially from the L nited Kingdom, or increased dollar earn ings by these countries in their trade with the United States" "To attempt this shift through further curbs on imports from the United States would be a move backward to more rigid exchange controls with all the disadvan- tages of such a move for ourselves and for the world economy. For- tunately , the recent devaluations have provided some incentive for precisely the shift we have in mind without an increase in controls . ." "The plain truth is that Canaua's domestic prosperity depends upon our handling of : complicated foreign-trade problem. .\nd in the final analysis both our domestic prosperity and the future of wor'd trade itself will depend upon a concerted international effort by all nations to return along the path we outlined earlier; that is. along the path to multilateral world .rade unhampered by exchange restric- tions, bilateral pacts, and all the para- phernalia of government control." (4) Canada's Strength. "It is re- freshing to turn from Canada's dilTiculties in the next few months to her prospects over tl o next few years, or better still over the next decade and many more to come. We have the essential elements that need only a little time to bring about an enormous increase in our national wealth. These sources of economic strength are our na- tural resources : id the temper of our people. "Canada's scarcest natural re- source is her working population. Here, as with our forest^, mines and oil f.elds. wc must p'^actise conser- vation through the wi.-ie and econo- mical use of what we have. But to para!'. I our new discoveries and to en'iuc their full and ciVuient use wc imist em'^ark on a bold policy of immigration. In this way we can increase the quantity of the â-  General Manager I Reports Assets, Deposits Are Up Mr. T. H. Atkinson. General Man. ger, reviewed the 1949 Annual Report and stated that the bank's as- sets had risen bv 5112,498.000 durio* the year to ?2,J34,985,000 and that liquid assets constituted 76.27% of the total liabilities to the public Commercial loans had also ia- creased. Mr. .\tkinson reported deposits at a new all-time high of $2,192,140,000. an amount two-and- a-half times that of 9 years ago. The number of deposit account* totalled nearly 2,000,000. which in- cluded more than 1.500.000 saving* accounts in Canada. .•\n increa»« of $1,400,810 in profits over tiie previous year was noted by Mr. .\tkinson and after providing for the customary deductions, includ- ing taxes of $4,435,000 and divi- denc' for shareholders, there wa* a carry forward in Profit and Lo»* -Account of $3,860,313. IMPROVED FACILITIES Referring to the provision of new premises, Mr. Atkinson said: "Sinc« our last report eleven new brancli offices have been constructed at points where facilities were inade-' quate and where extension of exist- ing premises was impracticable, and at forty-six other points improve- ments and extensions of a major character have been completed . . . In order to better serve the public in districts which are e.xpandins we opened twelve branches and six sub-branches in Canada. At th« year- nd we were operating 66S branches in Ca:iada and 62 abroad."^ SERVICE TO TRADERS Mr. Atkinson stressed the role played by the Royal Bank's 62 branches abroad in facilitating for- eign trade. "For well over a quarter of a Century we have operated aa extensive chain of our own braiichea in foreign countries; in fact, at certain points we have been esta- blished for over iialf a century, and as at November 30. 1949, we had 62 oiiices which included representa- tion in the key cities of the major Soutii -American Republics, through- out the Caribbean area and. of course, we are established in Lon- don, England, and New York City, and our affiliate operates in Paria, France . . ." "The widespread chain of branche* coupled with our extensive corres- pondent relations throughout the world serves as a constant source of statistical and other information including import and exchange re- gulations which otherwise might not be readily available to us. and our central bureau in Head Oftice is thus in a position to give up- to-date and complete information to Canadian companies and other* having under consideration establish- ing business relations with client* abroad. We firmly believe that through helpful information given to Canadian businessmen our for- eign organization will continue to serve a most useful purpose to Canada in the development of markets abroad for surplus goods." PROUD OF STAFF A warm tribute to tie bank staff was paid by Mr. Atkinson. "There'* nothing this Hank is prouder of thaa the quality of its personnel. Within every officer, I belicTe, there is a fine sense of pride in this great institution â€" pride not only in it* achievements and its pre-eminent pla e in Canadian and world bank- ing, but pride, too. in its being a good place to work. The execu- tive, supervisors and branch mana- gers have all travelled the lonj road of apprenticeship within th« Bank; they talk the same language as the young people who are fol- lowing the same route, and thejr are united in trying to mak* working conditions as pleasant a* possible . . ." one resource that is in short supply. In this way we can remove the on* factor that sets a present limit to the growth of our natural wealth. .\gainst this prospect the few hun- dred millions of L'.S. dollars that measure our present dollar diffi- culties pale to insignificance " "This prospect of economic inde- pendence does not mean a reduction in trade. We do not have to turn our hacks on the interdependence of nations that accompanies inter- ; tional commerce. Trade among independent, industrially developed countries is the most profitable r,ii!e of all. Tlic world is gr.niu- illy moving away from trade be- woen industrialized countries and jnder-developed areas, awav from trade that requires colonial depen- dence, to trade among industrial equals. And in this evolution of orld economy. Canada is at present leading the way." In f development of Canada's latural resources, their use by a larger population, and the exchange of her increased industrial output in "an expanding and enriched foreign trade." Mr, Muir saw "an ffec guarantee that Canada hall .iciiieve an assured and pre- eminent place in the economy of nations . . ." 6.