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r r: *' ^ X - s -* > f^ *' « *. m. •• % •« < » *â- â-  • < * *â-  • ^- * ^ « ♦ > «. > « » •^ r » • i * ^ * V t » « -I I ^ « ^â-  ♦ A A »* ♦ "♦ • *• •«• » 4 « # » » * ♦ » « * * * * ^ » T j â-  t ^^ f « C '» « 4 -1 « «. Newfoundland Officially Welcomed Into Cana Ottawa on Friday, the new tenth F'rovince of confede Top picture shows those who took leading parts Minister St. Laurent ; Governor-General V'iscou of the Commons; Hon. J. Gordon Bradley, sec sentative of Newfoundland in the Cabinet; Sena Lower photo shows Prime Minister St. I.aure coat-of-arms on the shield reserved for tlie new look dijp Confederation â€" In a colorful ceremony irj Newfoundland was welcomed into the Canndiati ration. in the program. Left to right they are : Prime nt Alexander; Hon. Gasjjard Fauteux, Speaker retary of the State and newly appointed repre- tor J. H. King, and Former Prinu* .Minister King nt cutting the first strokes of Xeufoundland's province on th* Peace Tower, while Mr. Bradley > OP. How The Continents Once Wandered Few youngsters today manage to "finish" geography without an e.ter- cise in juggling cut-out continents around. They find the noie ot South America fits very neatly into the Gulf of Guinea, that North America swings over to match Europe with extreme nicety if the islands and peninsulas are tucked in, too. Even Australia and .Antarctica can be pushed up and fitted in at the south- ern end of things, to make a map after the style of the ancients â€" earth's land area in one mass, with seas all around. Children have been doing .this for several generations, but merely as an exercise in mental gymnastics. Teachers and men of natural science who found themselves intrigued with the possibilities and who studied the matter at all seriously have been pretty generally smiled at in learned company â€" until recent- ly. Now there is a growing mass of evidence which seems to indicate there may be more truth to be uncovered than fiction writers dreamed. Taylor, Baker, Wegener, du Toit, Evans. Daly, van der, Gracht. Bailey, and Schuchert are just a few of the names in a long list of people who have had something to say for or against tlie "Wegener Hypothesis." Even before such re- cent investigators as these, the famed philosopher-scientist, Francis Bacon, discussed "continental drift"' as early as 1620. Most proponents postulate a time when the earth was oriented differently in space, wlien the polar axis did not go througli what is now called the Arctic and Antarctic writes Herbert B. Nichols in The Christian Science Monitor. The first real attempt to outline the problem is an orderly sort of way was made by F. B. Taylor, geologist, in 1908. For 30 years he periodically published reports of in- vestigations which had led him to believe that back in Cretaceous Times (some 180,000.000 years ago when the age of giant reptiles wa.* ending), the earth captured a satc'- lite out of space Cthe moon). For the next several niiUion years, he theorized, giant tides rose and fell on this planet. Togcilier with rotational forces these caused an un- balance on the globe which resulted in sHding continents, in a radical drift of land masses, like giant rafts of granite sial afloat on a glas'-like sea of the underlying and more dense sima. Just as a cork bobs to the top of a pail of water, so the continents project because made of rocks lighter than those underlying the ocean. Fellow geologists picked liim apart because he ignored strati- graphical and fossil relationships as well as earth movements be'ievcd Versatile This versatile cotton T-shirt, done in brilliant greesj-and- white stripes, is at home with shorts slacks or pedal-pushers. It h^ short sleeves and bultom up to a neat, tuin-down collar. •\ctress Lola Albright f^nds it ideal for c.vcUiia. 'Hands' for Research Inventot Kaynioiid C. Goeitz ot the Argonne National Laboratory in Chicago demonstrates his "master slave," a device to be used in research involving radioactive materials. The inventor controls the mechanical "hands" in the foreground from outside • glas,'- panel, which is replaced by coucretc and lead insulation in tclua! operation. Special optical lenses will enable scientists to watch the nik of the ingenious conUivance. wliich can perfoim virUial' any operation po.-srn'o -.vjI'i human hands. earlier than Crctaeeous. He made no attempt to out the jigsaw puzzle together except in the case of North -America and Greenland. Tlien in \'^\\ Howard Baker made u;) for his deficiency by presenting I'.is "displacen^cnt globe" postula- ting that originally there was but a single continent or pangaea which split from .Alaska across the .Arctic and dokvn the full length of the .Atlantic to the .Antarctic. The un- equal pans, lie <aid. drifted off in opposite directions toward the Pa- cific region with additional fractures and rotations taking place in certain portions. Alfred L. Wegener. German geo- piiysicist, really put the prevailing tiieories to test and assembled the parts 111 the working hypothesis that bears his name. It is best set forth in liis work on "T!ie Origin of Con- tinents and Oceans." revised in 1928. Wegener quotes astronomical ob- servations to support a claim that the continents are still drifting. Measurements in Europe. Green- land and Nonli .America proved to him tliat North .America is stP.l traveling slowly westward. This movemen;, more distinct in times past, lie held, accounts for the mar- ginal foldings, the so-called "back- bone of t!ie .Americas." the .Andes and Rock^oi. This idea is considerably a: vari- ance with Baker, who saw the early drifting not as any slow, angular movement but the result of simul- taneous and rapid flight. Sometime during the late Miocene or early Pliocene eras, he said, the orbital movciiitnts of tlie earth and \'enus varied enougli to bring those planets so close together tliat a thick layer of cru.stal matter was stripped from the Pacific region, hurled into space to forever afterward travel a path of its own around the earth. Tliat was his e.xplaiiation of how, the continents were formed and how tlie moon began. In his early restoration of tlie land areas. Wegener brouglit tlie shore lines almost together. How- ever, in liis later work he recognized the weight of opinion against him and allowed room not only for tlie mid-.Atlantic ridge, a long chain of mountains known to stretch beneath the ocean from Iceland clear to .Antarctica, but for generous mar- ginal areas as well, to take care of known continental shelves. These stretch out to sea for m^ny miles before dropping off into abyssal depths. » * « \o one is ready to admit yet tliat continental drift is really proven fact, but an increasing number of scientists in many fields are enter- taining the thesis at least. Further- more, several institutions have not only been willing to publish the re- sults ofscientific investigations but to finance those investigations as well. At the University of Cincinnati, Dr. Keniietli E. Caster, geologist, leopcned tlie question following four years of raeearch work in South America. There he traveled tens of thousands of miles gathering data under the auspices of the United States Department of State and the (iuggenhcim Foiindaion. "Noo« of my Hndioj^ k SompMi A^Mrlca definitely proves or dU- proves the drift hypothesis," he Mr«. "but they are sIgnificMrt enough to warrant additional field studies in Sotrth Africa, India, and Australia to make necessary com- parisons. "Although a grreat number ol geologists discount the theory of continental drift, especially North American ones, it is a completely open issue. It can't be settled with information now at hand. I'm not yet convinced that the theory is valid, but I am also not discountingf it." One of the theory's most famous champions was Ale.xaader L. du Toit. a noted South .African geolo- gist, responsible for ".A Geological Comparison of South America With South Africa." published under this title in 1927 by the Carnegie In- stitution of Washington. Ten years later he produced a more finished v/ork, "Our Wandering Continent^." in which he presented a mass of detailed data indicating .Africa to be the key to tlie whole problem. Africa, lie held, was rlie heart of Gondwanaland. His early work showed how South .America and West .Africa tie in beautifully from a geological viewpoint. Later he accomplished like comparisons to show how India. .Africa. .Australia and -Antarctica must have filled up tlie Tnrtian Ocean at one time. He ff.und that the Falkland Islands must have been closer to- Caje Horn than to .Argentina in former time", for its geology more nearly firs that of the Cape tiian it does the .Argentine. Geologic literature is full of pond- Starting Soon. . . A Thrilling New Serial WEST Of The SUN JOSEPH LEWIS CHADWICK The West was yours it was wild, it was lawless. ^ olent, hard, la- the eighties 't v\ as no place for a young eastern girl â€" but Virginia Ames could see no alternative. Her fiance Phil Lawrence had written her; his letter had been strange, cryptic, urgent. By rail and stage amd horseback she crossed the raw frontier . . . meeting soldiers. Apaches, gamblers, the riff-raff of the West. And finding at the end of the long trail a love that was older than she knew. LOOK FOR THE FIRST INSTALMENT COMING SOON You Won't Want To Miss A Single Chapter erous volumes written to explain how oceans and continents mi^i" l>ave been formed. Oiie school says the ocean basins have always been more or less permanent. But op- ponents argue there is far too mucli evidence to <how that there have been great interchanges of land and sea areas, of coiitincitai and oceanic dimensions. Dn Toit surveyed this literature and. together with his studies on the ground, bolstered the case for con- tinental drift. If one were to set out to prove this thesis, lie would look for vast rift valleys and ocean deeps where continents on the move would cause fractures: for evidence of mountain building or upwelling of crnstal material near the assumed forward moving edge of a drifting land mass: for time correlations with movements of sub-crustal mol- ten magma from below: for fossil relationships indicating widespread similarity of flora and fauna in the days before separation â€" increasing diversity since; for evidence that the earth's poles may not liave al- ways been where they are now; for species of plants and animals now living, but of known ancient origin, which might have persisted, in now widely separate. 1 .irea*. as relics down through the agef. MFAM Wm Tihere's a produce buyer I've heard about who estimates that many poultrymen lose as much as twelve cents a dc^en on their eggs, simply because they're dirty and so must be graded much lower than tliey otherwise would be • « • Which gives point to Expert J. E. Boyd's saying. "Hens don't lay dirty eggs. They get that way be- cause the y aren't gathered often enough, because there aren't enough nests, or because the litter is tu)t kept dry." • * * Just how can you clean dirty value? Well, if you have just a few eggs without lowering their market of them you can remove the dirt quite easily with an egg sander. Black emery cloth stretched over a piece of sponge rubber wilt do the trick: and very fine sandpaper or steel wool also work well. • • * If you have a whole lot of dirty eggs, you'll probably want to wash they. Here's a system which comes to me highly recommended. Put the eggs in a wire basket and soak the whole basket in a mi.xture of hot water (140 to 160 degrees') and defersrent ("soapless soap"^. • * * Soak tlie eggs for just a couple of minutes. Then, when the dirt is soaked loose, was'ii it oflF by pour- ing or spraying warm water over the basketful. Then let the air dry the eggs thoroughly. But don't on any account use cold water, as it will draw dirt and bacteria into the eggs. « « « But don't siart washing eggs until you've checked with your produce dealer. The chances are that he won't cut your price on washed evidence to show that even eggs ones they are. But there is some eggs â€" that is, if he knows which which have been carefully washed won't keep quite as long in cold stora.ge as will unwashed ones. • * * So it's best to be on the square with the dealer and tell him about the washing. Then he can put t-he eggs into immediate consumption channels, where the.v will be just as good as any others. • « * .A reader wants to know if there is any sort of paint which he can use on old lumber to prevent ter- mites from eating into it. The an- swer is tliat impregnating the wood with coal-tar creosote will do tlie job. If you paint the creosote on with a brush, it will give fine pro- tection to the surface. But if you arc planning to use that lumber for sills, or something of the sort,â€" in fact anywhere that the wood might remain damp â€" it would be better to impregnate it thoroughly by soaking it in the creosote. « « « Here's something about ' farm sprayers which may be of value to some of you. It's the advice ot Dale Hull, who is an agricultural engineer at Iowa State College, and who should know what he's talking about â€" I hope. * « * Pressures required for farm spraying operations range all the way from 30 pounds per sq lare inch in weed control work to 250 pounds per square inch for fruit :rees, cattle grubs and fice. Hull recommends a sprayer that will produce up to 250 pounds per inch pressure. * « • Don't buy sprayers witii rnhbei impeller type pumps. They arc sensitive to spray materials that have light petroleum base<. and many farmers have not found them satisfactory. Hull says. * • * Built-in or external by-pa>'ses are recommended as pressure regulators on positive action pumps. The suction liose needs to stand a pressure of 100 pounds, and the high pressure hose should he able to stand a pressure of 400 pounds. « « • In order to keep a noz^ie from clogging. Hull advises having an 80 or 100-mcsh screen in place over the intake end of the' hose leading from the sprayer tank. * • * For the best coverage on weeds, use a nozzle producing a flat or fan-shaped spray pattern. For in- secticide spraying in corn borer control, use a nozzle that gives a solid cone-shaped pattern. « * * Nozzles having various -pray angles and capacities can be nur- chased for application from as low as two gallons per acre up to any quantity desired. « * * Nozzle tips can be bought wliich will produce either type of sprajr pattern, thereby eliminating the necessity of buying complete sets of each type of nozzle. » * * Spray booms and tanks made of non-corrosive material, or tiiat are protected by special coatings, such as paint, plating or galvanizing, will give more years of satisfactory service, Hull says. * ' * * Which, will be all for today â€" and my thanks to Mr. Hull for the assist. â- Quick Change" Act Flopsâ€" Stanle\ Trosek, la tap, ."^.^ and John ^lajor, 39, Cleveland, O.. Traiisit System employees, get a free ride in a police van with part of "nearly a ton" of pennies, nickels and dimes police said they looted froi'n fare boxes during the past year. Officials estimated the value of the stolen coins at $7,000. LITTLE RECaE ♦