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1^ =ai TRAINMAN INVESTS IN VICTORS P If M It It, [J Strciigtli, in ,tlic driving wheels of a giant steam locoinotivo. and tlie strength of a man's faith in liis country are ilhintralcil in the above photo taken in tlie locomotive repair department at Canadian Pacific Railway Coiiipaiiy's Angus Shops. Charles E. Biron, in the repair pit, is pictured here as he paused in liis .work to sign an application exchanging his cash savings for .*2,500 in bonds of Sixlh X'ictory Loan issue. Hugh Shea, Instructor ;>t Anguts, is at left. Mr. Biron has been an employee of the Canadian Pacific for 37 years, and has worked at -Vngus Shops since lUlo. His skill at helping overhaul and condition Canadian Pacific locomotives has fi'.rther liclped tlic war effort on the transi)ortation front. Their minimum .Sixth Loan olijcctive placed at .$•' 10,000, Canadian Pacific employees at .Vngns Shops were considerably "over the tjp" â- â- vith $.'i:.'T,8.-)0. OTTAWAJREPORTS Nearly 60 Percent of Canadian Farm Families In Present Homes More Than 10 Years Canadian farm families, general- ly speaking, stay |)ut. CJver a third of the nominion's 70:'.,0no farm hcuscliolds have occupied their pre- sent homes for more than 20 years, a:id nearly si-xty percent lor more than ten years. The Maritime prov- inces reflect the Kreatest stability with well over a third of the house- holds having lived in present homes for over :;0 years, and the average length of residence exceeding 20 years. Xearly Iialf of all farm homes in Canada are in Ontario and Que- bec. .\ little over a tenth are in the Maritimes and approximately a half in the western provinces, ac- cording to figures of the last cen- sus just released by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Households avtrage 4.7 persons for the whole of Canada, and except for Quebec number less than five. In Quebec fifty percent of th« households number five persons or less and J3 percent include more than eight persons. • • ♦ Hemlock bark, a primary need of tht Canadian tanning industry, is now under a ceiling of $14 a cord. This price includes cost of delivery unless when shipped by rail in which case the maximum price may be increased by the amount of ac- tual railway charges. • * • Six additional types of new farm machinery and equipment wliich may be sold without permits are diamond, flexible and spring tooth harrow sections; cream scparators; power sheep shearing machines and animal clippers, egg cleaners and brushes. • « * Canadians may now purchase FOR SUMMER .Xnicrican funds up to $TJ exclusive of transportation, to visit in the liiited Stales if they have not been across the border within the past six months, (except for business or in transit), or uji to SIjO ii ihcy have not been there for six months, (except on business or in transit), and will sign a declaration that they will not go again before May 13, I'JJ.). The new ruling is aji- nouMced by the I'oreign Excli.aige Control Board. .\t present rate of exclian.ge, it costs $1.11 in Canadian currency to buy a dollar iv. L'.S. money. * * * Hon. J. G. Gardiiicr, Minister of Agriculture, told the House of Commons last week that movements of feed grain from West to Last would continue to be heavy in the comjng months. * * * .Anticipating tliat due to the shortage of farm machinery and farm labor, some farmers will rent or borrow machinery for haying operations, officials at Centra! Lx- perinicntal Farm, Ottawa, have worked out estimates including all repairs, depreciation and other costs items. Charges for moving from one farm to another are not in- cluded. Man labor is valued at $3 a day and a team at $?..r<n a day. The estimates incladc: Mower â€" 29c an acre of $,2.75 a day. Mower, team and man â€" 88c an acre or $8.35 a day. Dump rakeâ€" 2flc an acre or $3.1G a day. Side rake â€" 33c an acre or $."i.28 a day. Hay loaderâ€" 2lc a ton or $2 5.2 a day. Wagon, rack, team and man â€" $0.88 a day. Hay loader, wagon, rack, team and man â€" $8.13 a day. Hay press (based on 200 tons a year) â€" 27c a ton. Additional information on farm machinery costs li contained in publication No. 750 "Cost of Op- erating Farm Machinery in I:".a»t- eru Canada" obtainable by writing the Dominion Dep.irtnicnt of .\gri- culture, Ottawa. Shown in thii ptctur* U the cor- ^t summer drcM uniform worn w personnel of th« Canadian Woman's Corp*. Russians May Tap Own Maple Trees Page the N'ortii .American Lidian â€" he uncorked the possibilities of hard maple sap centuries ago while only now the Xorthern peoples of Europe are becoming interested in tht process. Russian official rci)rescntatives abroad tasted tliis Canadian in.ii)le product and found it so good that there is a definite i)lan to make the Russian treeâ€" and they say they have hard maples in the U, S, .S. R. â€" help swcetcit the Uussian diet. It is reported the Soviet Ir.ule re- presentatives are interested' in the Canadian process and e<iuipincnt and may purchase eniuigli to try out syrnp-making in ilie honirlatid next epiinjf. THE WAR • WEEK â€" Commentary on Current Events Nazis Trying To Build And Man U-boat8 Faster Than They are Sunk The (lermans continue to make vague claims of li'-boat successes and while the late Secretary of the U.S. Navy, I'rank Knox, made the cautious statement that submarine attacks may be resumed, .\dniiral Ernest J. King makes the flat an- nouncement that the German suli- marine fleet has been reduced from a menace to a problem. ^ Tl>« present fairly satisfactory state of affairs is in sharp contrast to conditions which existed two years ago, writes Capt. Frederick L. Oliver, in the Christian Science Monitor. .\t that time tlie U-boats insolently conducted raids in At- lantic coastal waters and sank ships within sight of the eastern sea- board. German Theory A nm>tering of hastily impro- vised ajitisubniarine measures aided by co-upiration from British, Can- adian, and Netherlands naval units, the .Xriny .Air Force, and planes from the Civil .Mr Patrol, succeed- ed in driving Nazi U-boats from the coa.--tal waters and the Caribbe- an area by the fall of 1942. Siij|.-e that time the odds against the L-boat have steatlily in- creased, and despite optimistic German inopaganda, the plain un- varnished truth is that the German submarine campaian is, barring some now unfor^een developmeivt, doomed to failure. Gram' .Admiral Karl Doiiiitz rode into power during January, 104:;. on his theory that the Allies could be defeated by his plan of mass formations. commonly re- ferred to as wolf pachs, of sub- marines operating against the .At- lantic supply route-. New Allied Devices For a time some nie.iiurs o'. succe^s attended the new (jcrinan stralen.\. but the .Allies brougiit into u?e new devices and methods of couiliating the I'-b.ial, the most succcs.-iul bein.:; airplanes from the escort carriers, better known as baby flat tops. .An occasional siiliniarine foray will meet with success. There in- evitably will be certain combina- tions of circnmsia!:ces that will place a submarine in position to inflict damage, but the old days when a wolf pack ran wild up and down the flanks of or through a big convoy, are gone. The .Allied antisubmarine offen- siv« which succeeded in disiihi- sionizing not only tlie Geriiian Navy but the Nazi .Aniiy as well, was a gem with many facets. The comprehensive scheme devised for preventing the I'-boats from get- ting into position for attackin.m convoys extended over so wide an expanse of ocean, that submarines hundreds of milts from their quarry wcie attacked and forced under the snrl'ace. In addition heavy airylanc .raids wese directed at the facilities fur building ond , basing U-boats. Not only were building yards devas- tated, but the inland plants where the manifold items entering into the construnion of submarines were fabricated uuderrtent sustained attacks. Allied Ships Sunk Furthermore, the sea are.is wiiich submarines must traverse in going to and from their bases are heavily patrolled by both surface ships and four-motored bombers which, do not hesitate to attack both efteniy tJ-boats and surface -vessels. There are no aufhhritative t'sri- matcs of the number of subma- rines Germany has built, but the number has probably been in ex- cess of the available well-trained crews. However, from time to time figures on ship aivd submarine sinkings have hccn released, more usually from liritish sources. In March, HI14, the British .Ad- miralty announced that U-boats in I'.Ml sank one ship out of every 181 clearing IJritish iiorts and tl'.at in the last half of l'J4;i this ratio had fallen to one out of 1,000. A recent news release in t!ie U'nitcd States says that sinkings are only one half of I per cent, which is about the same as it was in 1918 after the then submarine menace had been mastered. U-Boats Sunk Tile Brilisli lia\e ^,aled that in 19.<3, 200 IMioats carrying a per- .stiftiel of some '.i.OOO were sunk. -Another authority puts the sink- ings during the first foiw months oi 1944 at (iU definite kills and 15 probables. If all 84 went down, the personnel involved would b« about 4,200. Information from reliable sources indicates that the heavy loss of U-boats has had an adverse effect on the morale of the German sub- marine service. If thi.s report is correct, it means that the efficiency of their o|)eration will be seri(K/.ly affected, because in no other type of ship docs successful functioning depend so completely on every member of the crew having abso- lute confidence in tlie other mem- bers. Big Change in Situation It is not so many months ago that the problem confronting the Allies was to build ships faster than the U-boats could sink tiiem. Into this gloomy picture entered (he enormous loss of valuable cargoes. -Vow the scene has shifted to the (icrmans trying to build and man I'-boats faster than they are su.;'k. MAKE YOUR OWN CIGARETttS WITH MACDONALD'S Fine Cut A MIIDER TASTIER TOBACCO %^., iiiVM* .<V â- â- '!?;; g-'v-^jfelt! ta^' I3M Sugar Shortage Seen In 1945 Production Cut Everywhere, Writes Lawrence Sullivan In The Financial Post .\ world jugar survey from one of the most reputable U. S. dis- tributing houses indicates that Western Hemisphere supply next year probably will be shorter than during the current season, due to expanding lend-lease exports and smaller production in every area from which wartime supplies are obtained. Shortage of manpower has cur- tailed production everywhere, and faltering U. S. beet production poli- cies have resulted in a large de- crease in prospective domestic sugar. Only 54 Operateu Current figures disclose that the U'. S. has 8U beet sugar mills, but that only j4 of them operated dur- ing the 194:) season. In 194:! there was a curtailment of 23% in cane sugar production iu Puerto l\ico, closest sugai-produc- ing area. These two areas show a reduc- tion of almost a million tons for the l'.(4:i croi) as compared with the previous year â€" and at a time when large cargoes are going abroad under lend-lease. Normally the U. S, docs not export a pound of s igar. But under lend-lease it exported 20S,U0O tons in 191^. In 1U43, exports were 471,000 tons. This year, says the I.amborn sur- vey, they will reach 700,000 tons. Must Boost Output Sugar production in the United Nations area must be increased sharply next year if prevailing U. S. rations ai'e to be maintained. In pre-war years, roughly 40% of the world's sugar came from areas now under .Vxis control. In 19j8 world world sugar production was 29.5 million toil:,, of which 11.9 million tons came from .Axis ter- ritories. Over vast sweeps o£ this area, particularly in the Pa- cific, cane plantations have been destroyed. The same applies to vast beet areas in Central Europe. Water Buffaloes With Steel Hides Fight For Allies Water Buffaloes are fighting on the side of the United Nations in the South Pacific, says the Chris- tian Science Monitor. They are not iiiiligenousâ€" but are _ an armor-plated breed credited as the hardest-hitting amphibious tank ill the armed forces of the United States. Shells fired from the Sr-mil!i- meter cannon carried in the revolv- ing turret hit with an impact de- scribed by some observers as equi- valent to the force of a :{-ton truck dropped from the heig-t of a tall tree. They carry machine guns, too. Of particular advantage is the Water Buffalo's versatility. It "swims" ashore from large boats, surmounting practically any barrier ill its path, am} knocking out Jap- anese installations,, meanwhile pro- tecting the troops that swarm in behind it. On shore, the amphibians follow the infantry with supplies, ammuni- tion, food, medical equipment, and water. Sometimes Buffaloes are called into service "as land tanks, and the;' make excellent substitutes for i>ull- doxers. .Vazi Plane Quality Affected By Blitz Effects of the Allied bombing on the quality of future German air- craft production may prove to be no less inipo'tant than the effect on its quantit)', according to a Bri- tish Ministry of Economic War- fare spokesman. The spokesman said so much damage had been inflicted on air- craft centers that the Germans pro- bably had to abandon plans to manufacture improved types of air- craft in order to keep production at an adequate level A Forestry Quiz For five or ten minutes ot ftia at your next get-together, try this "Forestry" game. Ask your guests to identify these trees: W'hat tree is a fish?â€" Bass What tree is an animal? â€" Ewe. What tree is part of the hand â€" Palm. What tree is a covering for an animal? â€" Fir. What tree is a mineral used in building? â€" Lime What tree is a handy container for shipping? â€" Bo.x. What tree is a point of time?â€" Date. What tree is two of a kind? â€" Pear. What tree is a pestiferous insect? â€" Locust. What tree is a very ancient joke? â€" Chestnut. What tree is an officer in certain churches? â€" Elder. What tree s a Book of the Bible? â€" Joshua. What tree do you still have after you burn it? â€" .Ash. STEPPING UP? Assistant Secretary of the Navy Ralph A. Bard, above, is consid- ered a likely successor to Jamea V. Forrestal, undersecretary re- cently nominated to lie secre- tary of the Navy. Bard, former Chicago financier, at present ha» supervision over Navy shore es» tablishments, labor relations and civilian personnel. PRAYER BEFORE BATTLE With dramatic effect, dawn breaks over the bow of a U. S. Coast Guard combat cutter protecting an Allied convoy as it enters the Atlantic war zone. Grouped in forecastle, under big guns, Ciast Guardsmen pray and sing hymns in services conducted by the Navy chaplain. REG'LAR FELLERSâ€" BugabooJ By GENE BYRNES i^HtfiMMMIMMHHifi