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> ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦â- â™¦-•"»-♦-* Voice of the Pre*^^ Canada. The Empire and The World at Large CANADA ON ADVISING THE FARMER How I'lihy It ia (or hiiiiie ihtsuiis wUh IniuKltiation uiid kIUi-.I with a (low of words to sit In u .'Oiiitortuhlu arm (hair Teet cocked on a desk and dictale to n Ktoiingiapiior ir..structioii Jjow a farmor cuii belter his comli- tloii». Ono of tlioae effiisiocs reteiit- \y reached our desk and here It la: "The application of insiiieerlng to agriculture has for its puriiosc the utl. llzatlon of eiiKlntcrliiK piliulplcs, mo thods and equlimionl to decrease the unit cost of farm proiiucls, to reduce the amounts of Irksome lauor In pro. ducing crops and curhiK for livestock Biid to Increase tlie sallsracllon of farm living." What a wonderful thing this must bo for the farmer. The aiipHcation of engineering to farming Is going to «how how ho can the more easily plow, sow and harvest, how best to unload his grain in the mows, cut and hoist the corn into the silo! milk his cows and with the minimum of ener- gy and In the cheapest manner; weed the turnip patch and get the weeds out of his corn and potatoes while the farmer's wife is to be told how to per- form her multiplicity of chores about the house so as to increase tlie satis- (action of farm living. If the authors of some ol the non. eensical stuff emanating from city of- fices were to write tlieir articles leave them on the desk until the following morning, and then read them before they began the work of the day, we feel sure muc>i of it would find a place In the waste paper ha.sUet.â€" Perth Expositor. VERY LIKELY Much of the sighing for good old- fashioned meals is sighing for a thir- teen ycar.old stomach. â€" Brantford Eun. A DANGEROUS PRACTICE As well as being against the law. It Is dangerous to use trucks to con- voy children or adults to picnics or other gatherings. The oUier day flvo little girls were seriously injured when part of the side of a truck gave way. Trucks are not built for such work and carrying passengeis in vt^icles not adapted for that purpose Is a dangerous practice.â€" Niagara Falls Review. SAD BUT TRUE A fellow doesn't reali-/.e how old he Is getting until he finds that one deep breath won't blow out the candles on hU birthday cake.â€" lleglna Leader- Post. PROBLEM FOR JEEVES P. G. Wodeliouse well known Brit- ish author, has had a tax Uen filed against him In the United States for $250,703â€" $123,826 original levy and penalties and interest of $128,877. It la effective against the many royalties he receives for the stories he sells across the line and his film right. It looks as if Jeeves would have to put on his thinking cap In dead earnest to get the popular writer out of this at- tack on his bank account.â€" IJrantford Expositor. DEATH DUTIES The important role of the death du- ties as part of British revenue is seen In tho fact that the estate ot the late •Viscount Tredgar will contribute al- most $6,000,000 to tho treasury ot Great Britain.-Nlagara Kails Review. THE COUNTRY'S FOUNDATION More and inoro the average man Is coming to realize that the cornerstone of the national edifice is a contented and successful farm population. In smaller cities such as nellevlUe this la the truism accepted by everyoneâ€" that the farm's wealth and prosperity underly city wealth and prosperity.â€" Belleville intelligencer. OVERCROWDED Young people thinking ot studying to be teachers are given cause to pause and think by the announceinent that 900 applications were received for two teaching vacancies at Ueser. onto High School, and 2CS (or a vac- ant public school princlpalship In Oan- anoque.-Llndsay Post. THE HAIR BRUSH Judge nieakley. In the Now York Buprcmo Court, does not adjudge Boa. trice Countess Tavara, guilty on a charge of cruelty because ot her use of the reverse side of the brush on the reverse side of her young son. He de- crees: "Tho hair brush Is a rocognlz. ed Institution In all well regulated fa. milies"â€" Mom-ton Transcript. CHICAGO PROGRESS And It does seem that progress is a Tery funny thing when tho chief »en- •atlons of a fair launched with tho piirpo.se of showing tho advances of practical science are a nudlsl wedding and a fan dance. Apparently progreis m the eycB ot Chicago, is lepresentcd by moving backwards toward the slm- pUcltles of the Garden of Eden. -Ham. Uton Herald IN DEFENCE Wo old highbrows ore apt to forget that the sloppy love tho crooners croon about, is after all, the thing that makes the world go round.â€" Mimse Jaw Times Herald. HIS WEAKNESS Barbara Hutton coiniiains that her fcubby, Prince Alexia M llvunl. Is pay. lUK more altenllon to Iho polo ponies she pave tiini as a wedding preseat than he Is to hei. He's a groom but not the right kind. -Border Cities Star THERE WAS Another man lit a niilcli to sec If there was any gas left In his car, and the coroner's Jury was informed that there werp a cou|)le of gallons.â€" Strut, ford Beacon Herald. EMPIRE EXPORTS There were some remarkable In- creases In Canada's domestic ex- ports to British Emiiirc countries in .June. Compared wilti a year ago the increase to Great Britain was from $17,097,000 to $26,497,000. tho gain be- ing $8,520000 or 47 per cent; Australia from $841,000 to $1,630,000 a gain ot $789,000 or 03 per cent; British South Africa from $378,000 lo $1,082,000, tho increase being $704,000 or 186 per cent. â€" Brandon Sun. MAKING A DISCOVERY Some Juii<> bridegrooms are finding life one grand refrain, instead of one grand sweet song. Refrain from cards, smoking, booze and fishing trips. â€" Kitchener Record. CRUELTY If there Is a humane society In tho St. Catharines district, it needs to do some educative work among the peo- ple of tihe city and surrounding dls. Irict. It was .'ionu! inspired mind in St. Catharines a month or two ago that lilt upon the pxltaordinary Idea of aU lowing the children to see a movie show for two starling legs. Wlielher tho children put tho starlings to deaUi in some way hofore tearing off the legs we cannot tell, but it was found that they were offering the legs of robins and other birds at tho ticket offce, and so public spirit forced this scheme to be abandoned. â€" St. Thomas Times-Journal. COST OF WAR Of every dollar we pay the federal treasury in taxes sixty cents goes to pay for our part in the Great War. So Brooke Claxton reminds us in Canad- ian Business. There are indirect costs as well. Two-thirds of our Internation- al trade, exports and imi>ort3, has dis- appeared as a result of growing econ- omic nationalism abroa<l.â€" Calgary .\1- bertan. 5 LOST EVERY DAY Two women's bodies arc found, one by accident la search for t.he other. Lists ot girls missing from British homos are combed, and the public ia shocked to learn that they number to 10,000 Scotland Yard, seeking to iden. tity the Brighton victim, have named a large army o£ them. In London wo- men disappear at the rate of five per day. A few are found alive or dead, but the fate ot the re.-sl is a deeper my- stery than that which now eugagesj the police at Brighton.â€" Manchester Sunday Chronicle. Old Fort Niagara Fully Restored n re- Lell 10 nsnt, in toregiound, .â- \fter seven years of labour and an expenUi lure ot ^jOoum), ii stored. Photo shows air view of the Old Fort from the Lake Ontario siue. British lilokhouse, Millet Cress, Lombardy Poplars, Kush-BaKot memorial and old french castle; along tlie wall at right, Briti-sh Hot-.shot oven, artificer's cabin, French powder magazine, French barracks and British Blokhouse; beyond the barracks may bo seen the Dauphin battery covering the Fortes lies cinq Nations (behind blokhouse). of the total population. It is true that tho latter figure Is less than the ex. pcnditure iu the United Kingdom, which is about 1 pound 17s per head; but it has to be borne'in mind that na- tive education costs the Transvaal only Is 3d per head of the native pop- ulation and about Is 2d per hearl of the total population. â€" Johannesburg Times. License Hay Straw Export Dominion Action â€" Reciprocal Arransemeiit With U.S. Planned. THE EMPIRE N.Z. Beef For Britain. It should be remembered that the success gained with chilled New Zea. laud lamb in the British market came neither by luck nor favor. It was won by hard work, close attention to de- tail, and by scrupulous care to assure that every carcass corresponded to what its grading Implied. A London butcher suggests that Iho position of the Argentine supplier in the London Market is not unassailable. But If New Zealand wishes to gain a place the task must be tackled resolutely and systematically. It Is a commonplace that this country has not, at least In any quantity, beet cattle of the nml- demnnded by the British consumer. Tho answer to that Is lo actiuire the founilation stock and breed on the pro- per lines. As indicated In 'he advice already quoted, it would be no use trying to break into the market with Interior beef. There Is plenty of that already. But it is also suggested that there Is ample room for the best, again a reaaonabl,, proposition. That Ity demanded by the British consumer, farming Industry should c oislder very seriously, and then determine If It is prepared to engage in a contest for a share of the British beet market. Auckland News. EDUCATION COSTS IN U.S.A. South Africa Is probably the only country In the world that spends a quarter of Its national Income (about !t,t)OO.000 pounds a yeai ) on education. Twenty years ago that expenditure was 2,500,000 pounds. In this country educat'l(Ui ia not only free to rich and poor alike, but It Is also compulsory to a higher standard than in most other countries. Primary ; :id second, ary education (that Is, free ulucatlon) costs South Africa three pounds and lOa a year per he>ad of the European population (man, woman and child), and nearly one pound per head of the total populat'.on, white, black and col- ored. In Iho Transvaal the expenditure Is even greater, and is said lo bo the highest In the world. Out of an annual revenue of not much more than 4.000, 0(10 Hie Transvaal spends nearly 3,000, (100 on education, which Is equivalent to more than 4 pounds per head ot tho European population of the Pro- vince and to one pound 2s 9d per bead Ottawa. â€" Confronted with a ser- ious shortage of fodder crops in sec- tions of Canada, the government lias utilized powers conferred by the new Markotiu;; Act to license the export ot hay and straw. .\n order.incouncil passed under the act requires export, ers to obtain licenses for shipments abroad. It also makes transportation companies see that shipments outside Canada are covered by such licenses. A statement Issued recently from the prime minlsler's office explained that drought and heat had so affected the hay crop in some sections that an acute lack of suitable cattle feed was being felt. Both Canada and the V, S. had found it necessary to take steps to conserve the cattle feed. Where surplus areas in Canada were adjacent to deficit areas in the United States, and vice versa, it was intimat- ed, arrangements would be reached for moving feed across the line. The statement reads, in part: "In view of the seriousness of the short- age ot fodder crops iu several areas within the Dominion, the government by order-in-council under powers con- ferred by the Natural Products Act. has taken steps to regulate the export of hay and straw. The prolonged drought and heat that have afflicted large areas In Canada and the U. S. have compelled tho two governments to take immediate action to relieve the acute lack of suitable cattle feed that Is now apparent and to prevent speculator.^ from exidoiting the con- sumers and producers of fodder crops. "The Canadian hay and clover crop which in the tour years of 1926-1930. averaged over 16 million tons, had fal- len to 11,433,000 in 1933. and, for the current year is estimated at 9.884.000 tons. This decline Is. ot course, un. equaly distributed across the country being most pronounced in Saskatche- wan and Southern Alberta. "It Is the policy of the government to see that such local surpluses of fodder crops as exist In accessible parts of Canada, should be made available in the first instance tor re. lief ot conditions in the deficit areas. In view of the high ratio ot transpor- tation costs lo tho value of the pro. duct. It la not expected that it will be economically advantag(H)us lo ship such feed stuffs over long distances. by rail. It may be r.ntlclpated that where surplus areas In Canada are contiguous to deficit areas in the U.S. or vice versa, It conditions warrant, arrangements will be reached for movement of teed stuffs across the line." A (lri> ranger no longer smokes on the trail. Ho has found it too much of a chance lo lake. Neither does an experienced camper, or wjodsman pull out his pipe until he comes to tho end of a portage. And when he is fin- ished ho knocks his pipe-ashes into the water. He runs no risk of leaving flro behind to destroy his wild-life friends. and despoil his favorite haftnts. Make Korest Protection your personal policy for 1934. RURAL HIGH SCHOOL EXPERIMENT HIGHLY PRAISED By J. \V. Edwards, B.A., B.S..-\., B. Paed., Principal Ridgetown High and Vocational-Agriculture Schools When the unwilling .luror asked to be excused from duly because he could only hear with one ear. the Judgo told him he'd do all right, as only one side of the case would hi" heard at a time. THE RIDGETOWN EXPERIMENT. Suc'h a course has been introduced at Ridgetown and Ridgetown may well be proud of Us secondary school system for there is no other just like it in the Dominion of Canada Dele- gations froni Australia, Western Can- ada and many [>arts of Ontario have visited the' school during the past seven years, and all have been most favorably impressed. The school was established as an experiment to find a practical solu- tion for the problem of vocational education for boys and girls in the smaller and more rural centres. The trustees at that time were men ot considerable vision. Some of these men are still members ot the board and could not be pried from office they are so enthusiastic about the new school. It was their opinion that the high school course was not providing the right kind ot a training for a great many students v.-ho had to be absorbed by the community and that as the community hail to pay the bills it should be beneliting to a great- er degree, .\ceordingly courses were introduc- ed providing agricultural subjects and farm mechanics for boys and house- hold science and arts for girls. In ad- dition to the essential academic sub- jects. That the experiment is prov- ing successful is shown by the tact that of those who have left school over SO per cent, of the boys have returned to the farm and the girls to the home, where they are putting in- to practical use many ot the things learned at school. During the seven years that the vocational school has been in operation the total average attendance in the high sohool and vocational school has been well over 200 â€" at present 265â€" compared with 160 before the opening of the voca- tional school. Oonti-Jisting the at- tendance at Ridgetown with that of other towns in Western Ontario, of the same population, it will be found that from 50 to 100 more students are enrolled tor secondary school education. Thus it is seen the com- bined schools are meeting the needs ot a larger percentage of boys and girls. One of the features of the Ridge, town vocational school is that the first year is more or less of an ex- ploratory year. Parents are not always sure that the vocational course is go. ing lo meet the needs of their boys and girls. In the larger centres more than half of the students who pass entrance attend vocational or tech- nical schools. In so doing, however, they must definitely decide upon the future course of studies they wish to pursue and a change in their plans results in a loss of lime. A student enrolling for the first year in Ihe Ridgetown Vocational School does so with Ihe assurance that he can trans- fer to high school at the end of the first year and proceed lo a matricula. tion or normal .school entrance with- out loss of time In either case. This leaves Ihe choice ot course open un. Ill the end of the first year by which lime the student has had some ex. perieiice of secondary school work and is better able to decide. In the meantime a valuable training In prac- tical subjects w-111 have been receiv- ed. Or, it the student remains at vocational school for three year.«, he can then transfer to high school and have just a.s many credits towards a normal entrance as the student who has taken four years ot straight high school work. The main difference In the courses of the vocational school and the high school lies In the tact that no languages are taken In Ihe former school, thus leaving time for subjects of a more practical nature. The two schools are under the same pri: cipal and staff. Corresponding graphy, etc., are taught by the same subjects sucli as English, history, geo. teacher in the two sohools. Both are of high school grade and pupils from the vocational school may write de- partmental subjects and secure stan- ding in the subjects taken the same as those in high school classes. This arrangement,, coupled wiUi the fact that vocational school students make transfers to high school without loss of time, absolutely eliminates any feeling that one course of studies is the inferior to the other. Another feature of the vocational school course is the advantage to the student who attends school for one or two years only. Boys attending for one year only receive training in me- chanical drawing, woodworkiirg, rope splicing, belt lacing, tiorticulture, poultry, soil physics and livestock, not taught in high school, and girls, sew- ing, cooking and home management. Boys attending two years receive fur- ther work in farm mechanics (includ- ing forge work), seed selection and ot>her agricultural topics; girls, fur- ther work in sewing, cooking and home nursing, and both boys and girls, bookkeeping. Oirls who complete the three-year course receive a diploma and may stop school or transfer to high school to complete a normal en- trance course, or resume their stud- ies elsewhere to become dietitians, nurses or teachers or millinery and sewing. Boys at the end of three years may graduate to the farm, take a fourth year in the vocational depart- ment to qualify for entrance to the O.A.C., or they may continue their studies at high school. But perhaps the most unique fea- ture ot the system is the attention that Is given to adult education. Ridgetown is. I believe, the only rural high school in the province that con. ducts a winter short course for young men and women who have stopped school. This is a day course and cov. ers a period of six weeks during January and February and has been offered now for four years. Last win- ter 21 boys and 24 girls attended and at the end ot the course express, ed themselves unanimously in favor of an extension of the course to eight commercial law were added for hoys, and household budgeting for giils and these subjects proved popular. There Is absolutely no question of the value of such a school to anj centre that serves a rural eommun. Ity. Nothing that had been accom- plished at Ridgetown Is impossible â- ;l:iewhere once the fa<;ilitie» are â- irovided. There U nj doubt but liat our whole rural educatioual iya. in nerda a good overhauling and â- .;at other communitieg luuld be • vc-d by agricultural departments, n their secondary schools, suoU aa we have at Ridgetown. Our couraea are by no means perfect and changes are being made from tim's to tim>>. i believe that evening classes rnlglit be introduced for our young men and women giving instruction in -ubjects which would be of benefit to tiiem as citizens, and I am of the opinion that the first year high sohool course â- ihould be made more general with languages set over until the second year to give fifth form students a better chance and the first year stu- dent more time to adjust himself to new conditions. These are trouble- weeks. In some ca.ses these students attend the regular classes, if the class is not too large, but most of tlieir time is spent with special Instruc- tors who are added to the regular stair. The practical subjects taken are .similar to those taught el.-ewhere in the sdiool and some time is given to stimulating an interest in good reading. In municipal affairs and pub- lic speaking. Last year farm book- keeping, business administration and some times and we are not yet out of the woods, and economics must still be practiced but it is not pos. sible that there are public projects that might be set over for so im. portant an undertaking as the mod. ernizing of this branch of our rural educational system. The Dominion Government has recently extended the program of its Technical Educa- tional iVct until 1935. Ontario is sup. posed to have obtained its full share of the grant, but perhaps some con- sideration might be given to th« united claims for a new deal to the rural high schools and the farming population ot Ontario. There has been a great deal of talk about the intermediate school, but ap. parently we' can not expect too much from it. Dr. Rogers, director of edu. cation for the province, speaking on this subject, said that he could see no hope for the establUhraent of the intermediate schools in rural commu- nities unless the administrative unit was changed and school districts con- solidated. I believe that reform must be effected by making our high school courses more elastic. Everybody â€" every man. woman and child has a stake In education. Passive accept- ance of present day educatioiial ma- chinery is not good enough if, through our organizations, something better can be obtained for the boys and girls of our secondary schools. Boards ot trustees and citizens with the welfare of the communities at heart, aud the young men so courageously engaged in the new Canada movement should champion the cause of our rural high schools and see to it that they are modernized so that they will command the interest of the pupil and the approval ot the public. From personal observations I am convinced that these suggested re- forms would at least have one wel. come result. Some 20,000 pupils in rural high schools in Ontario now struggling needlessly with courses leading to university entranct would know a new happiness when transfer- red to work adapted to their needs, and rural lite would in time benefit by the higher standards of more effi- cient, more open-minded and rational citizens. Our expectation of life has increas- ed greatly. A new-born boy baby can now anticipate living fifty-six years, and a srir! baby sixty years. Half a centry aso- 'he figures were forty-two and forty-five years respectively. Loudspeakers installed in one Man- chester factory have increased the output of the work-?irls, and, as thev are on piecework, their wages hav« STonc up in proportion. There is music for one hour in the morning and ar hour and a half in the afternoon. Distinguished Woman to Visit Us Dame Janet Campbell, an Outstandinii Figure in Maternal' Welfare Work Will Visit Canada This Autumn Ottawaâ€" One of the outstanding figures iu maternal welfare iu the English-speaking world will visit Canada for two months this autumn, according to plans announced by the Canadian Council on Child and Earn, ily Welfare. Dame Janet Campbell, D.B.E. (1924), M.D., M.S., (London) who has just retired as Senior Medi. cal Officer for Maternity and Child Welfare of the Urllish .Ministry of Health and Chief Woman Mniical .\dviser to the Board ot Education of Great Britain since 1919, is coming here She Is a member of the Health Committee o( the League of Nations, and at present closely associate<l in its studies on maternal and infant welfare. Accompanied by Misa Eunice Dyke, secretary ot the Canadian Council"* division on maternal and child hy. giene. Dame Janet will visit all the largest cities in Canada as part ot her educational campaign to arouse greater interest In the problems of maternal welfare. Her visit will co- iiicldo with the annual meeting ot the National Council of W»meii at Ottawa iu October. Dame Janet was educated at thi London School for Medicine to: Women, and followed with pos" graduate work in Vienna. After ex tensivo hospital work she was callec" in 1919 to the newly formed .Mliiistr; of Health, as* the Senior Medioa- Ofticer for Maternity 'and Child Wel fare, at the same time remaining ic. her senior po:^t with the Board o Education. In 192S she was named the medi cal member of the Committee on thf - Training of Midwives and also ot thi Committee on Maternal Mortalitj . and Morbidity. It is in connectiot with her intensive work and studiei in the Intervening years that Damf Janet Is known throughout the Eng- . lishspeakiug world, and is regarded by the League of Nations as one ol \ the outstanding International author- ities on the subject. Dame Janet retired from her post with tho British Ministry, In Decern- ber. 19:iS. but continues to serve on many of the Ministry's and the Ueaauc of Nations" committee on health subjects.