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farms in America League to Rule Are Wetshing Away Port of Leticia - Dver 100,000 Acres of Farm Land Made Poor During 1932 Crops and their prkes, Um: de\iista- Uon wrought by droaght, etc., engross readers of agricultJral iteni&, yet we rarely hear of the most de?.. urtive For One Year Bulky Comedian Of Films Dies American Heads Commission for Area Claimed by Both Colombia and Peru Manaos, Brazil. â€" The dispute fce- force in the great farm r.reas and tween Colombia and -^Peru over pos- that is the fact that the farms them- , selves are often slipping away. Washed down by water and even » blown off by winds, the fert.ic soil iis being stript, leaving the infertile sub- ' soil, not good for cultivation. ' A national survey in the United States of these conditions has Just begun. Says H. H. Bennntt, writing of them In the New York Times: "In America last year 3,000,000,000 tons of soil washed out of fields and overgrazed pastures. Fully 100,000 acres of farm land were made hope- iMsly poor. Under normal price con- ditions this would have C06t our farm- irs $400,000,000. "Our original wealth in soil has leryed to prevent an; general reali- lation that all land is not permanent- ly fixed. Unrestrained soil erosion Is rapidly building a new empire of wornout land in America â€" land stript Jf its rich surface layer down to poor subsoil, and land gullied beyond the possibility of practical reclamation. Phis wastage of the nation's basic as- set is speeding up. "Three-fourths of the agricultural fcrea of the nation is sloping enough to invite ruinous cutting away. Al- ready more than 100,000 acres of the 850,000,000 in cultivation have !t)st all »r^ most of the original top-soil. "Bedrock has been reached in count- less places and deep gullies have torn ssunder millions of sloping acres. All this has been abandoned; yet, all of It could have been saved. "Probably no other nation or race has permitted such rapid depletion of large areas of its agricultural lands. "We have looked upon our vast do- main of agricultural land as limit- iesB and capable of enduring forever. What are the menacing aspects of this evil erosion? "The area of the more favorable soils is steadily diminishing. Acreage yields are declining. "Cultivation is more difficult and costly. Water flows across the im- pervious clay exposed by the strip- ping of the mellow, absorptive top- Boil more rapidly to augment floods. "Stream channels are silting up and overflows are becoming more frequent and destructive. Vast areas of extra- ordinary original productivity are be- ing covered with infertile sand and Erravel." Our best estimate:., Mr,' "Bennett tells us, indicate that erosion steals twenty-one times as much plant food as the crops take-off the land. And It is by no mp.ans restricted to the action of rain-water. In the drier parts of the counti7 erosion by vrind je frequently even more destructive. He goes on:, "Thousandi-V.of fields have been stript of the productive surface layer, rreat holg,?, have been dug and numer- Dus, ''a'reas have been deeply buried arith the wind-driven material. "In some localities farm machinery left in the open has been completely l>uried with this drifting soil. Recent session of Port Leticia on the Amazon Biver has entkjed iu final phase with the installation at the port of a. League of Nalion.s Commission which will govern the area pending completion of ilirect negotiations between the two countries. Thus, the LeagHe'.s first direct in- tervention in a New World quarrel has resulted successfully, at least so far as regards persuading Colombia and Peru to cease hostilities which for a time threatened to involve the two neighboring republics of Brazil and Eucador in the conflict. United States Officer Heads Group. The League commission, composed of representatives of two non-member countries, the fniled States and Brazil and of Spain, will govern the port and corridor of Leticia for one year. The commissioners, Colonel Arthur W. Brown, of the Judge Advocate General's Department of the United States Army, president; Captain Al- bert Delemost Basto, commander of the Brazilian squadron on the upper Amazon River, and Captain Francis- co Iglesias, the Spanish aviator, are to select an international armed force to assist them in maintaining order in the disputed area which forms a rectangle about 100 by 30 miles, ly- ing between the Amazon and the Putumayo Rivers. Colombia, with about 5,000 soldiers and a large number of civilian labor- sunder millions of sloping acres.AlI ^""^ already concentrated along her is has been abandoned: vet. all of southeni frontier, plans to encourage colonization of the tropical lands about Port Leticia. The original pro- ject to develop the southern area, con- templated at the time Colombia for- mally took over Port Leticia from Pern by virtue of the Salomon,Loz- ano treaty of 1932, was interrupted by the occupation of the port last September by 300 Peruvian irregulars and the subsequent refusal of the Peruvian Government to relinquish the seized territory. Road Building to Be Pushed. Military roads hurriedly construct- ed from Central Colombia to the banks of the Putumayo River to facil- itate troop movement are now to be employed for the transport of colon- ists and later for the handling of their crops. The civilian laborers who worked on the roads are to be encouraged to remain in the Amazon Valley by grants of land by the Col- ombian Government. Work will be pushed to completion on those roads in an uniinisheci state at the time Colombia and Peru agreed to suspend hostilities. Leticia offers Colombia her only port on the Amazon River at a point accessible to steamers of fairly heavy draught. The impossibility of shipping produce from the southern area out of the country except through Peru- vian or Brazilian territory has pre- vented e.xpIoitation in the past of an area remarkably suited for agricultur- al industry, in the future agricultur- ists, particularly cattle raisers, will be afforded the opportunity of send- -^ -.._... , ing their products to the mountain ^ wind-dnven dust from the West cities in north central Colombia or told down over the black soils of of exporting them down the Amazon Iowa enough red material, derived to Brazil or abroad. from the distant Red Plains of Kan- 1 eas, Oklahoma, and Texas, to give a Jistinct red color to the soil. "At the new experiment stations every promising practical method for •lowing down erosion is to be tried >ut on a field scale. Terracing, strip- ;ropping, scarification of the land, »nd other methods are being tested, first on small plots aad then in large fields. "The cheapest methods of reclaim- ing erosiou-woru land are being deter- mined, with the cost. Cohservation of the remaining soil, however, is to be the prime endeavor of the pro- gram, rather than reclamation of de- pleted land. Variois methods of gully control are being tested, using living dams of grass, trees, shrubs, and vines, rock dams and dams made of poles, brush and other cheap ma- terials. Every effective experiment will necessarily constitute a demon- stration." Women Join British Spanish Olive Producers Predict Surplus of Oil Madrid.â€" There will be a large olive oil surplus in Spain this year, predict olive growers. The olive crop will be one of the largest in history, they say. Statistics show more than 71,530 square miles of Spanish soil covered with olive orchards. The oil, according to Department of Agricul- ture figures, will be in excess of 1,000,000 tons. This compares with the 1929 pro- duction of 209,437 tons and the 1930 production of 727,518 tons. Decreases in exports are worrying the growers most. The domestic con- sumption is hardlji more than a quar- ter of a million tons. The other ex- pected 750,000 tons will be four times the quantity the gi-owers have any hope of exporting this year at the price they mu -t get to show a prolit. The cost of prodj-tion has gone up Was Victim of Heart Attack Following Celebration of His First Wedding Anniversary New York. â€" Roscoe (Fatty) Ar- buckle, bulky comedian of the films, died recently of a heart attach that followed a celebration of his tlrst wed- ding anniversary of lil« third marriage. He was 45 years old. The actor, who had been attempting a "comebac-k" from the blight that fell ', on his career as the result of the mys- terious death of an actress during a gay party in 1921, died in his sleep in his suite in a midtown hotel. Wife Discovered Him His third wife, the former Addie McPhail, screen actress, discovered his death. After summoning the house physician, she became hysterical from grief. Physicians said Arbuckle died of angina pectoris. Arbuckle had just completed a pic- ture, "Tamallo," at a Long Island studio. It was one of six he had re- cently done for Warner Brothers. On the night of his death he went with his wife to the apartment of William Lahiff, restaurant proprietor, where a party was given in honor of the Ar- buckle anniversary. After tlie party Arbuckle retired, aiv parently in fairly good health, despite recent attacks of a heart ailment. A few minutes later, however, his wife called on him, received no answer and then discovered that he was dead. Arbuckle became known to millions the world over in tlie palmy days of pie-tossing comedy. Finds He Already Owns House He Wants to Buy Aosta, Italy.â€" Secondo Molinatti, an Americanized Italian, looked for himself a whole day before he found whom he was seeking. Returning to his native town after thirty years in New York he espied just the kind of house he had always dreamed of having. He wanted to bu7 a thes aad thara but the tenant told him he would have to see the owner. He did not know the own- er's name because he rented it through an agency. The agency was closed until the next day. Then Molinatti discovered tnat he himself was the mysterious owner. The house had been pur- chased with funds he had sent home for investment. He made a donation to charity of part of the sum he was willing to pay for the house. Britain's Suicides Up, Murders Show Decrease London. â€" Criminal statistics made public by the Home Office show that robbery with violence is increasing in England and that London's share of the crime is by far the larg-est of any city in the country. The Home Office figures show in- cx'eases also in prev.ilence of fi-aud and suicide, while murder and man- slaughter eases continue to decreasi?. Ranks of professional burglars in the U.iited Kingdom appear to be dwindling. The statistics show that 64 per cent, of all breaking-and- entering offences were of trivial var- ieties attributed largely to young per- sons. Convictions for drunkenness were 46,846 last year, compared with a pre- war yearly average of 95,000. Italy Expands Power of Vast Guild System "Corporations of Category" Added to Groups in Con- trol of Economic Life Rome. â€" Italy's famous guild system, or corporate state, after seven years of operation, has just been rounded out by the creation of what is known as "corporations of category.'' These are corporate groups of various cate- gories of industry, commerce and agri- culture. They include representatives of both employers and employees. Hitherto the guild system has been built on the following basis 1. Syndicates, consisting of groups either of employers or employed in va- rious groups of endeavor divided geo- praphically according to provinces. 2. Federations, consisting of all the syndicates in a certain branch of en- deavor, such as the metalurgical in- dustry. 3. The National Council of Corpora- tions, the supervising body of the guild system. 4. The Ministry of Corporations, headed by Benito Mussolini, which is the governmental directing body. The new corporations of category seem to fit in between the federations and the National Council. They as- sume some of the duties hitherto per- formed by the Ministrj' of Corpora- tions. The chief importance of this de- velopment may therefore be said to be: The government passes on to the organizations of employers and em- ployed themselves some of {he func- tions It previously abrogated to Itself. Chief among these is the settlement of labor disputes. The tasks of the cor- porations of category are announced as four: 1. Advisory â€" Various ministries may call on them for an opinion on any matter coming within their compet- ence. (2) Conciliatory â€" They settle by con- sent collective labor disputes in their own category, a task hitherto dis- charged by the Ministry of Corpora- lions. (3) Judicial â€" If the parties to a la- bor dispute agree to refer to the cor- poration rather than to the labor court, its award will have executive force. (4) Regulatory â€" The corporation can regulate collective economic rela- tions with corporations in other cate- gories. The corporations of category will thus be able to act on such questions as smoothing out wage disparities in a given occupation, regulating condi- tions of apprenticeship and vocational training, coordinatng credit, welfare and labor exchange activities. The government will refer to them many of the tasks hitherto assigned to special commissions and committees. They also will be the proper organs for ne- gotiating interguild agreements to re- concile the sometimes contrasting in- terests of commerce, agriculture and industry. SAVE Plug Tobacco will last you 3^ longer. It burns 14 slower ... gives you more smokes, more enjoyment for the same money. DIXIE ONLY 20<' A BIG PLUG Queen Attends Performance at Covent Garden New French Railway Line Without Grades New York.â€" The strategic railroad being constructed by French engine- ers from the Argonne forest to the French frontier ia one of the most amazing railroad achievements in history, as it is on an even level for its entire length, according to Leo- nard Nason, author of "Clievroni" and otlier war novels. He says that the railroad is being constructed without any increase in grades to expedite troop trains. Ballet Given in Honor of World Economic Confer- ence â€" Opera House Blazes with Jewels London. â€" The most novel adornment seen recently at Covent Garden, when the famous Opera House blazed with jewels, orders and decorations as in pre-war days, was provided by a young foreigner. On top of ordinary evening dress he wore an opera cloak of pale blue silk. The occasion was a ballet given in honor of the world economic confer- ence by the Carnargo Society, leading organization in London cultivating the newer school of the ballet. Her Majesty wore a gown of Em- erald green, v/ith a tiara of diamonds, and the Duchess of York a rose pink gown with a spray of roses at the shoulder. Boxes were occupied by conference delegates from France, Japan, Poland, Chile, China and Greece, while the rest of the world's representatives were seated in the stalls. Am>ng the star performers was Lopokova, wife of Prof. J. Maynard '^.eynes, the author of "The Economic Consequences of the Peace." Lindy Lends a Hand despite the fact that 1933 has been Columbia Gold Rush "'*'a^ climatically. To harvesting and m;. keting difficulties, due to strikes and acts of sabotage, are attributed this complication. Like their men folk, many British Columbia women have caught the gold- Jiuutlng fever. Many are now in the Beld and others have announced their Intention to go out with pick and axe \i/ r\ i n/t » to the spring. Woman Declares Man s Viewpoint As Best An ex-nurse from Vancouver has led ^e procession. V.xing an airplane to lake in supplies, she is at present car- Vying on pro.specting work in the Cari- boo district. Inspired by this example, many wo- men have taken the geology course provided by the British Columbia gov- Irnment. * A Hungarian woman, suing her bus- 1 ..^... ..... o. .vamci kand for alimony, was astonished to â-  Chicago, its president. ie«r that she had been divorced sev- 1 "Women wUl spend freely." she fcral years before. Her husband Is a ' said, "and demand very little ac- hrofesalonal hypnoti.'it, and she asserts counting of where their money goes a»at he must have put her in a trance , But they quibble over society dues »nd then obtained her signed consent ' and expect magnificent returns for to tie divorce. very small outlays." Chicago. â€" Women who niiinage iron ; and st^el mills, hold high offices iu i coal and food couioanies. or practise : the various profei.sions. were told recently that they Kicked nmn's ' viewpoint on money matters. They heard this opinion in a con- vention session of Zonta. business and professional women's society, from Sir. S. Katherine Maddux of English Girl Goes to Australia to Marry Five years ago J. Thwaites left Cumberland, England, to find out it an Australian farm would make a suitable home for his bride. Early this year Miss Gladys Trobe, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Received a let- ter telling her to sail. When her ship, the Hobson's Bay, reached Melbourne, he was waiting on the quay for her and they were married shortly afterwards. "He hasn't changed in five years, and he still has his Cumberland ac- cent," said Miss Trobe when they met again. Sir Eric Drummond Gives Up League Keys Geneva, Switzerland. â€" In the pres- ence of the entire secretariat, Sir Eric Drummond turned over the Iteys of the League of Nations to Joseph Ave- nol of France, the new Secretary- xGeneral. Both Sir Eric and M. Avenol ex- pressed faith in the league as an in- stitution of world peace. The new Seci-etary-Gencral also took over the league's "White Hou.se," the official residenc» of the head of the secretariat, an 18th century man- .«i0ii in the suburbs. Sir Eric will probably become Brit- i.sh Ambassador to Italy. i Fragile Cigarette Tax Steunp Made in Texas to Stop Reuse Austin, Tex.â€" Texas has moved to stop loss of revenue through reuse of cigarette tax stamps by mak'ng the stickers tiny and fragile. The new stamps, not (luite as large as a dime, are printed on specially treated paper which "crumbles" when an effort is made to remove it from a package. Charles Lockhart, State Treasurer, estimated thousands of dollare were lost to the state when the obi stamps wore in u.^e. This summer Colonel Lindbergh and party intend to survey the far north, visiting Greenland and possibly Iceland. He is shown with the aeroplane Just after the pontoons were in place. Social Consciousness Is Y.W.C.A.'s New Slogan New Yorli. â€" The phiIos<iphy of the Young: Women's Ch'^istian .\ssociation was reported in a Columbia Univer- sity survey to hpve changed from one of religious dominance to that of .so- cial consciousness. The survey was made by Dr. Grace H. Wilson, re- search graduate of teachers college at Columbia. "There is a rather general belief among Y.W.C..\. leaders," she said, 'that religious attitudes arc to be de- veloped through the whole education- al proccs.s'. There are reflected here, not only new tendencies in e<lueation- al philo.«iophy and prnceduie, but changes in religious thinkinj as well." Classified Advertising * aovEBmniNT apfbovsd chicks SALli: OP GOVEUNMENT APPROV. JiD Clucks. While they laal: Lcs^ horns .06c, Barred Rocks .06j|c. Ona week old cjilcks one cent more. J. G. Tweddle, Fergus, Ont. Archbishop of Canterbury Gives Christening Party London. â€" His Grace Most Rev. Cos- mo Gordon Lang, the bachelor Arch- bishop of Canterbury, holds a christ- ening party next week when he bap- tizes the baby daughter of Antony and Mrs. Acton in the chapel of Lam- beth Palace, where tlie parents wei-a marrie<i a year ago. Afterward3 there will be a tea-party for the re- lations and god-parents. Mrs. Acton is a gi-and-daughter of the late viscount Coiwdray, of whose family the archbishop has long been a friend. The baby's names are Carolina Janey, and her christening robe ia made from the gown of Valenciennes lace in which her mother was present- ed at court. Returns Aid Received Haslingden, Eng. â€" Haslingden guardians committee have received a letter from a former relief recipient stating that he has returned to work and wishes to repay the money ha was granted. He has i-eceived soina cash from the sale of an insurance policy, and in the circumstances ha asketl if he could give back what he had received in relief. The clerk to the committe-; gave the information and has received from the man the total amount paid to him in relief, plus interest at 5 per cent. Hitler "Life" Shortest In Reichstag Directory Berlin.^-Germany's new congress- ional directory, the "Reichstagshand- buch," contains the first autobio- graphy of Chancellor Adolf Hitler aa a Nazi Deputy. The sketclj, generally a.ssumed aa written by Hitler himself, is the brief, est in the book. It reads us follows I Born April 20, 188!), in Braunau- on-the-Inn. Catholic. Attended gram- m.ar school and lower rcalschuler. Building trades worker to make studj possible. Soldier 1914-"20. Presentlj German Reich's Chancellor." OFF COLOUR? HOW IS YOUR LiVER? Wake up your Liver Bile â€" Widiout Calomel Yoxjr livf^r'a a very emnll orRan, but it crp- tainly can put your (liKt'Slivo and eliminaliv* orjfHna out of kilter, by ^'fusin^ to pour out ila daily two pounds of liquid bile into your bowels You won't completely correct Buch n condition by taking baits, oil, minerni water, Inxiitivc candy or chewing gum, or rouRlmge. Wlien they've moved ^-our bowela they'ra tiirougb â€" and yo« Deed a Uvar Btimulant. Carter's Little Liver Pills will soon brinp back th<! sunshina into your life. They're purely vrgo- table- Safe. Burn. .-Vek for them by name. Ueiua« kubslitutcd. 25c at all druutC^iit«. 48 IN UP-TO-DATE STABLES â€" Old Reliable Minard's When horses como In to stable with wire- cutA or tiaddle bulls, or cuua have caked udder, the thing to do is get the Minard's bottle at once, aa Mr. Dowd uf Glenboro, Manitoba, knows. He writes: "1 like your Minard's Liniment. Like to have it in the house. I have found your Hinnrd's Liniment especially good foi bar1>cd wire cuts on horses." K fntntly doctor prepared Minard's Liniment over 50 years ago. Still Invaluable in •very stable and every house. 61 WEAK WOMEN Take Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound Have you over felt ;that 'you wore too weak to do anythlnit . . . that you did not have the strength to do your work? Women who arc weak and run-down •bould tako a tonic such as Lydla B- PInkham's Vegetable Compound. Head- â- cbca and backaches that are the result of â-  tired, run-down condition often yield to this marvelous medicine. 98 out of every 100 women who report to us say that tbcy are benefited by this medicine. Buy a bottio from your diuft- 41st today . . . and watch tho result«. ISSUE No. 28â€" '33