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New WeUand Ship Canal A Strategic Link in the Great- I er St. Lawrence Water- \ ways Which Will Provide \. Ship Navigation Be- ween Lakes Erie and Ontario One of the most important ot the inland waterways in Canada is the ^Velland Canal. It is one of the prin- cipal links in the great St. Lawrence waterways connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes. The Welland Canal connects Lake Krie with Liake Ontario, crossing the Niagara Peninsula about ten miles â- west of Niagara Falls. It overcomes a difference fn level ot 32fiV4 feet. The original caual, opened in 1829, extend- ed from Port DalUousie on Lake On- tario to the town ot Port Robinson, Where a connertion was made with the Welland River. The course was down this river to its junction with th! Niag'ira River and thence to Lake Erie. This was not found satisfac- tactory. so between the years 1831 and IS.^ the canal was extended along a route fr.»m Port Rabinsou to Port C dbome. The present canal, 26% miles in ler.iith, was completed in 1887. Seven! years ago it was found the canal wa.i entirely inadequate for use by the modt^rn steamships used on the Great Lakes. As is generally known an Important part of the busi- ness on the Great Lakes is that ot grain carrying, and the constantly in- creasing output of the grain ^elds of VVesterrt Canada has resulted in the ' flevelopme:vt ot a particular type ot ''Upper Lake Ve.ssel" built to carry Immense cargoes ot grain. These ves- sels ot Si>0 odd feet in length, loading at tlie u;)per lake ports, while able easily to navigate Lakes Superior,] Huron nM Erie, are forced to dis- charge their cargoes at the toot of , Lake Er!o. either at Buffalo, N.Y., or' Port Cn!borne, Ont., because of the restricted dimensions of the Welland Canal The Canadian Government In 1908 provided a million bushel eleva- tor at Port Colborne to facliltate the transhipment of grain from the upper lakes ve-i6e!.s to canal sized vessels bound for Montreal, where it is ship- ped to Europe. This elevator accom- modatiou was soon found insufflcient and twice since, in 1912-13 and again In 192324. additions were built, so that the Government has now a 3,000,- COO bushel modern concrete elevator the capacity of which is already taxed to the limit. World's Largest Stock In orJof that there may be com- plete protection to the caual and ves- sels in it, there is being built in addi- tiK '^To' the' scV?ii-liiT locks, a guard lock near the southern, or Lake Erie end iu tlie canal. The lock, known as No. 8. is l,;;sO feet in length between the iuner gates. It is the longest lock In the 'vorld and is approached iu size only by the two United States' locks at Sault Ste. Marie, which are 1,350 feet long. A very important feature ot modern canal construction is the manufacture and erection ot the ponderous steel gates. Iu the case ot the Welland ship canal, as may be imagined even by the layman, the supplying and erec- tion of the gates is a matter of no small dimensions in itself. The ap- pro-Kimate weight f metal In each lower gate is 454 tons, and the total estimated weight Of metal in the lock gates, with their fixed parts and ma- chinery, is 23.000 tons. In addition there is retiuired no inconsiderable amount of machiuory to operate the lock valves and valves in regulating weirs, the total estimated weight ofl metal iu these items being 3.S00 tons. Tho total estiinatel coniiocled motor load for operating the canal and the Port Colborne elevator is 15,300 h.p. With the very modern equipment be- ing installed for operating the locks. Including the working ot the valves, opening and closing of the gates, etc., great facility of movement of vessels la expected. The time required to 611 one of these Immense locks Is only eight inlHutes and the estimated time tor a vessel to pass through the ship canal from eaJ to end Is eight hours. To Be Completed Naict Year Concurrently with the increased grain production iu Western Canada and tho development of the large up- per lakes vessels came the demand for a still larger Welland Canal. In 1912 government surveys demon- •traled that a shorter and better route could be had via Ten-Mile Creek flow- ing into Lake Ontario. It was then decided that the time had come to begin the construction of an enlarged VVelland Canal. in 1913 the construction of the ship canal was commenced, and with little Interruption has been proceeded with until the present time. It is expected the now canal will be completed some- time noxt year. The total cost Is stl- maled at about ?1 15.000,000. The ship canal in being built to modern stand- ards under the most up-to-date meth- ods and rigid supervision and will, when finished, ha a monument to Canadian engineering skill. To over come the 32G',i feet differ- fcneo Iti level ot Lakes Erie and On- tario the new canal will have seven locks of uniform lift, each 46''i feet, whereas the present canal has 25 locks of varying lift. The difference between the old and the new becomes Very aivparent when this comparison Is m.tde, the other dimensions ot the ship caual niaktuf the comparison of The Lighter Side of Europes' Freeze Up ManchusLose Out in Modem China While many loud complaints are care how long It continues. EUROPEAN COLD NOT ENTIRELY UNAPPRECIATED voiced about the recent cold In Europe, enthusiasts such as these skaters on Wimbledon Common, London, don't further Interest. The useable length of the locks is 820 feet as compared with 255 feet in the present canal, the ship canal having locks of SO feet width, as compared with 45 feet in the present canaL The width of the canal proper is to be 310 feet at the water line and 200 feet at the bottom. The Immense locks are built to take 30 feet of water on the sills; the canal reaches are to have 25 feet depth, which may bo increased to 30 feet when the need arises. Terminal at Prescott, Ont. It is planned to erect twenty-one movable bridges of the most modern type across the canal, as in such a populous area there are many high- ways and a considerable number of railway lines. Each bridge is designed to carry the particular kind and vol- ume of traffic offering at its particular location. In all cases the needs of navigation have been remembered, and the type of bridge and modern machinery provided for their operation have demonstrated in the cases of those bridges that are already in oper- ation, that de'ays are reduced to a negligible quantity. At both ends of the ship canal large harbor works are located. At Port Weller, the Lake Ontario entrance, a new and artificial harbor has been formed by the construction of two embankments extending into the lake for a distance of nearly one and one- half miles. The entrance is 400 feet wide and widens out to a bottom width of 800 feet in the harbor. The harbor is a little more than a mile long and covers an area of about 150 acres. With the completion of the Weliand ship canal the upper lakes freighters drawing up to 25 feet will be enable! to proceed all the way down to thi foot of Lake Ontario. This will mean that there will have to be established a t->rminal for these vessels for the purpose of trans-shipping grain cargo the smaller vessels navigating the St. Lawrence canals. At the last session of the Canadian Federal Parliament the sum of Jl.500,000 was voted for the purpose ot commencing the con- struction of the necessary terminals at Prescott on the St. Lawrence River, between Lake Ontario and Montreal. It Is proposed to have these terminals ready, including dockage space and an adequate elevator, by the time the Welland ship canal is completed, prob- ably in the spring of 1930. King's Son Heads Church Assembly Duke of York Named Lord High Commissioner of Scotland CHOICE ISTOPULAR League of Nations to Have New Home Agreement Signed at Geneva by Sir Eric Drummond and Swiss Gov- ment Geneva.â€" On Friday afternoon Sir Eric Druiimond, on behalf of the League of Nations Scretariat and M. Boissonnas on behalf of the City of Geneva, sijfiied an agreem.>nt for the erection of a new j alace of nations in the Park Ariana. The occasion was marked by the exehanjre of compli- ments in which Gu'.se;.i)e Motta, chief of the political department of the Fed- eral Government, t>ok part, and de- clared that the Swiss Government was at ail times anxivus to extend its sympathetic Collab r.tion to the Lea- gue of Nations. TV.e league c.-n now cor.eratulalc Itself on possessing an admirable site t' (r the new'pala'jo, the foundation stone of which will be laid next Sep- tember when the Assembly meets. The league will have amp'e scope for the library so generously endowed by John D. Rockefeller Jr. and to exteiul the buildings as occasion tlemanJs. Announcement is Received With Pleasure and Surprise London. â€" The announcement that the Duke of York had been appointed Lord High Comh.issioned of the Gen- eral Assembly of the Church of Scot- land was received with pleajire and surprise throughout Scotland, where it is believed to indicate the King's approval of a union between the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland. The long-drawn-out negotiations between the two churches are drawing to a close, and final approval will be given in May to the incorporation of the two churches as a united body. The appointment of the Duke of York also puts an end to agitation to have the meetings of the General As- sembly postponed until after the elec- tion. Meanwhile, there appears to be some doubt as to whether the appoint- ment of a member of the Royal Fam- ily to such a post creates a precedent. It will be the first occasion, however, that a member of the Royal House has attended in an official capacity since James the Sixth removed the courts to London after the union of the Crowns in 1603. In 1597 James the Sixth occupied a position as Lord High Commissioner and was ..'Isc pre- sent at General Assemblies in 1598, 1600 and 1602. HELD BY PEER. Since then the position has been generally held by a member of the Scottish peerage, though when Ram- say MacDonald was in power, James Brown, Ayrshire miners' leader, acted as Lord High Commissior.er. Church leaders in all pjtts of Scot- land express pleasure at the appoint- ment of the Duke, and the Lord Pro- vost of Edinburgh, Sir Alexander Stevenson, says: "It is one of the most popular appointments that have ever been made, especially as this is the last divided meeting of the As- senibly. The presence of the Duke of York, coupled with the fact that a union of the Scottish chu.ches will be an accomplished thing, will make even more memorable a memorabk event. The Duke is already a freeman of the city, and the corporation will con- sider what steps should be taken to commemorate his visit." The appointment of th.» Duke also shows how the increasing responsi- gilities of monarchy are being distri- buted among the King's sons. General approval is given here to the news that the links between the Motherland and the various dominions will be graced in time by the appoint- ment of members of the Royal House to governor-generalships. Mental Balance Is OflF in Spring Suicides and Crimes of Pas- sion are Numerous Dur- ing April and May Cologne, Germany â€" That people are apt to be a little crazier in the spring than at other seasons is the conclusion of Dr. R. Hopmann, of the University of Cologne, who has collected statistics of the fluctuations of many kinds of human disease during the months of the year. There is e. popular belief, world- wide in the temperate zone, Dr. Hop- mann reports, that sprin?' is a seasv^n of special danger to health. This is â- why our grandparents swallowed such "spring cleaning" mixtures as sulphur and molasses and used so many "spring tonics" compounded of var- ious roots and seeds. For some diseases. Dr. Hopmann f.nds, the statistics do not support this idea that springtime is unhealthy. They do support it notably, however, for diseases of the nervous system. There is evidence, he concludes, that mental equilibruim is less stable in the spring than at other seasons. Persons apt to lose their mental bal- ance anyway are more likely to suc- cumb in April or May. Those also are the months, Dr. Hop- mann points out, in which the police departments report the highest num- ber of suicides and of passion. Dr. Hopmann considers plausible the idea that spring disorders may be due in part to lack of ultra-violet rays during the long winter, but he feels that other weather changes may be of importance also, and advocates fur- ther studies of disease statistics both by physicians and by weather experts. Albany River, Ontario A recent report of the Geographic Board ot Canada states f^at the Al- bany River, rising In Lake St .Joseph and flowing Into James Bay, Ontario, was named by the Hudson's Bay Com- pany In 1683 after James. Duke of York and Albany (16331701), later. King James IL Hertzog and the Empire Leo Maxs^ In the National Review (LoAdonl: We have never entertain- ed any illusions concerning General Ilerfzog's Ill-will towards the British Rraplre or doubted his desire to broak It up. But we had hitherto supposed that his Separatism was animated by some perverted form ot local patriot- ism. His latest manoeuvre indicates, however, that he Is nothing but a party politician ot that deba-ted type which will sacrifice every national in- terest In order to pick up a tew extra votes. Happily such men are rarely good judges ot public opinion, and It is permissible to hope that there Is sufficient common sense In the elector- ate to whom he is appenling to realize thaf. to raise the cry of White versus Black Is to play the game ot the enemies ot both, whether In Moscow or elsewhere. Prince Henry Off on Trip to Japan Duke of Gloucester to Invest Emperor With Order of Garter London. â€" The Duke of Gloucester left recently for Ti kio where he will invest the Emperor of Japan with the insignia of tho Ord-»r of tho Garter. The Duke will proceed to Marseilles. He will emi)ark there on the SS. Morea of the P. & O. Line for Yoko- hama, where he is schoduIaJ to arrive May 2. It was said that the sole purpose of the trip was the investing of Emperor Hirohito with the insignia which was awarded him at tho lime of his cor- onation at Kyoto last Nover-ber. The trip will serve, however, as a return of Prince Chi<.l.ibi;'s recent visit to England. Numerous official ceremonies and receptions have been ai-anged in Ja- pan to keep the Duke and his party busy for two or three weeks. Tho trip will mark the third time the Order of the Garter has been awarde<i to an Emperor of Japan. On the two previou.-? occasions Prince Ai'thur of Connaught officiated. In accordance with custom, the in- signia is returned to Englard ipon the death of its recipient, but it is .lot known whether the badge which the Duke of Gloucester carries to Tokio is the same as that worn by tho pre- .sent Emperor's fathei". No record is kept of the individual badges, most of which date back to ner.r tho time of Henry VUL The trip was planned for early this year but delayed because of King George's illness. Lloyd George Again Declares He Will Aid Labor Liberal Leader Scores Tri- umph in Huge Meeting at the Albert Hall London.â€" Mr. Lloyd George had a well-staged triumph, recalling the post-war ovations in his met:K)ric car- eer, at the Albert Hall on Tuesday night, where he repeated to a crowded Liberal audience (his speech being also relayed to 1. other halls) his much-discussed claim h be able to re- duce uneraploymtnt to no-mal in a year without cost to the taxpayer. Fifty thousand people who heard him were also thrilled by his plea for a reduction of armaments, his closing words, "Let's Lake some risks for peace." being cheered even more ener- getically than the adroitly arranged presentation of two Liberals who have won seats from the Government In ra- cent by-elections. Regarding unemployment. Mr. Lloyd George declared emphatically. "Of one thing I have no doubt â€" we shall be in the position to compel the fulfillment of our pledge." This was in reference to the fact even if the I.iljerals fail to obtain a majority in the next Par- liament, there is now a generally rec- ognized probability of their being in sufficient strength to swing the bal ance of tlie other two parties. An other striking p<int was, "Mr. Bald win is paying £75.000,000 a year and getting nothing in return. We propose paying two or three times that amount for honest, good, valuable work." In the audience was Lord Rother mere, (he newspaper prop, ii-tor. who.se usually. Conservative organs are now telling their readers, "The way to make a vote tel! ag: it st St>cialism is to give it to the Liberals.'' Just before the Albert Hall ('emon?tration Mr. Lloyd George strolled into the Hi>use of Commons, where he was greeted with ironical cheering from the Con- servative benches and erie; of "Why weren't yon here last night." this hav- ing reference to the fact that he did not attend to defend his proposals when thev were under debate. Proud Race Bows to Inexor- able Elimination of Drones Peking. â€" The proud race of Man- chus, who ruled the Chinese Empire for more than two centuries, are a vanishing race, and are likely to dis- appear almost altogether within the next two or three decades, in the opin- ion of Dr. Jermyn Lynn, Chinese pro- fessor of law at Chaoyang University here, who has made a study of the Manchus for years. The Manchus are like the famous Jewish colony in Honan province. Dr. Lynn believes, which managed to maintain a distinct existence for 400 years, but eventually was overwhelm- ed, being absorbed by the Chinese. At present. Dr. Lynn estimates, the Manchus in Peping number about 350.000, a full third of the population- As long as their emperors ruled in the Forbidden City, they kept somewhat to themselves, living in separate parts of the city from the Chinese, and not intermarrying so often as they do now. In those days, Peking, like many cities in Europe and America, had 'ta "Chinese Quarter," even though it was the capital of China. A SHELTERED RACE But since the Manchu emperon abdicated in 1911, the plight of th« Manchus has become steadily worse. They had become SDmt through cen- turies of easy and protected life, and were not fitted to meet the competition of hardier Chinese. Dr. Ljmn estimates that the largest single group of Manchus in Peping to- day earns a living by pulling rick- shows, a very severe occupation. Many others are domestic servants, working for Chinese or foreigners. A large group is connected with the the- atre, of which the Manchu aristocracy was so fond. But if the Manchus are treated rather badly by the Chinese today, they are merely reaping the sins sow- ed by their fathers, Dr. Lynn points out. When the Manchus conquered China in 1644, and set up their em- perors nthe Dragfon 'Throne, Dr. Lynn declares the Manchus became an arrogant race, treating the humble Chinese with undue severity. VERY AN71ENT RACE.y The Manchu bannermen, or soldiers, were so undiscipline<i in their attitude toward the Chinese that the Manchu emperors tried to divert their atten- tion by persuading them to train birds and roll walnuts in their hands, di- versions still common amon.r the Man- chus. The Mane" us are a very ancient race, Dr. Lynn points out They first appear in Chinese chronicle.i as early as 2330 B.C. -when they sent tribute to the Chinese emperor. They were vassals, but always very independent, becoming stronger as the Chinese weakened, until th.^ir conquered Pe- king in 1()44. Canada and the League Ottawa Journal Cons.) : Canada joined the League of Nations as a separate entity. This, as a Nor- wegian jurist pointed out, is In the World Court statutes and in the Lea- gue Covenant. More than that, Can- ada and Australia and the other Do- minions have never recognized the right of British delegates to vote Cor them or to speak for them. Tliey are to use a homely phrase, on their own. But states like Greece cannot grasp that. To them the British Empire suggests an Empire with all that the term has implied and meant In the story ot the past. It is something that will prove difficult to overcome, but which must be. If Canada is go- ing to pay her shot of the expenses ot the World Court and the League and be responsible tor their decrees, then Canada cannot accept any pos- ition of Inferiority or leave the deci- sion ot mutters vital to her to those, English or otherwise, who may not know the circumstances ot her ease. In Mexico parents are to be allowed to attend school with their children. Which Is going to add to the complica- tions of playing hookey^ A shorthand expert says that Cana- dian talk much more rapidly than they did twenty years ago. It may he added, they have more to talk about THAT-S CERTAIN "What are you going to gel along with your new Easier hat?" "One giaiiil big aigumont from the old man." Nobel Prizes what the Nohol Prizes are? Alfred Bernhard Nohel, a SVvedish philan- thropist ami inventor, who died In 1896 set aside by his will a sum ot money to provide five prizes every year for such persons as had done most for tho heneflt ot the world In chemistry, niodioine. physics, litera- ture and peace. Thpse are the Nohel prizes, which constitute a very high honor Indeed. Rudyard Kipling for literature, Sir William Ramsay for chemistry. Lord Rayleigh tor physics are some ils- tinguished Englishmen who have been awarded Nobel Prizes. Immigration Chicoutimi Pro?re» du Saguenay (Ind.): Our policy ot immlt;ratlon has not given the results which have been expected ot it. Exact statistics show that, for many years, we have been losing by enih-ratlon more hu- man capital than is brought to us by ships from Europe. .\nd to this loss must be added the millions which have been spent In the enterprise. Toronto Growing An expenditure of $13,00t1.000 fot the carrying out of plans designed to relieve trafic congestion in the city and to develop propsed heauitfication schemes has been rneomniended to the Toronto City Council by the Advisory City Planning Commission. Toron'o, llie capital of tl>e province of Ontarii, has grown rapidly In recont years. It has a jiopulation .)f about (JOO.OOO rind ;•• the second largest city in Caiwdj. Beauty In the flesh will continue to rule the world, and no better way will ever be found to glorify beauty than the stage. â€" Florenza Zlegteld. THEY'RE LIKE THAT I Tlllie Turtle: How do you fliid Mr Snake? I Tsssle Turtle: Charming.