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4'' >o Ruled by the Spirit of Revolting Reptile and rirer jrieM â- astenance ftnr twv wires. An exceptionally rapid and compet- ent craftsman an da Buccesstul hunter j may maintain two wives. It seems ]Sd4b«t8 Sojourning in Dutch P«>»>able that the artlsUc instinct has r^' f J rk« 1 t» L ''••'' cultivated by the social organl- • ClQiana hind Ujuka OUSh-jutlon which requires the men to men Revere Supernatural please the womeo^itb the carving of ' Elements Attributed to Boa l'^^*"* domestic tools and utensiis. t Spoons and pot-stlrrera may take days and of patient carving and accomplish Constritor Alligator : ^ WOMEN APPRECIATED * . On the edge of the aide of South America there ts a tinlque civilization little known to, the •white men of this continent. We ^now of the strange life of the Congo, of the fascinating customs and the ever-present danger of the African Jungles because adventurers and ex- plorers by the hundreds have brought ^rom the Eastern tropics the entranc- Ii^ facts of their experience.. But of oieubush Negro or DJuka of . Dutch Guiana; of them and their craftsmanship, of their customs and ' their medicine, little has been told. These black men of Surinam are ^ not native to this hemisphere. They I are a transplanted people. Brought to South America as slaves In the ' days of buccaneering and traffic in . human flesh, they revolted successful- ly in the middle eighteenth century and have since retained their free- dom. The Negroes of the north sloughed oft nearly everything that was native and African, completely yielding to the Influence of Caucasian civilization and eager to imitate Its customs and '. emulate its standards, but the Djukas of the Dutch Guiana bush hold fast to the primitive habits of their African ancestors. At the American Museum of Na- tural History la a collection consisting mostly of carved wood implements re- cently brought by Dr. Morton C. Kahn of New York City who, accompanied by Howard A. Baugh, went to Dutch Guiana in the Interest of the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History and the Cornell Medical College, with which latter Institution Dr. Kahn is associated. Are Artists. "The Djukas decorate practically •verything," said Dr. Kahn. "Even their paddles for stirring pots are finely shaped and delicately engraved with designs handed down from those known among their African ancestors. They are a very artistic race, and a Djuka artist gets more consideration as a prospective husband than a mem- ber of the tribe who is a less compet- ent wood-carver. "Of course, the first consideration is, can he hunt, flsh and provide suo- cessfally tor a family as well as him- self But having determined that, his prosiwctive bride and her family want to know what kind of a craftsman he to In the working of wood, for art in that country is considered manly. Women Control Children. "The Djuka woman stands higher In • the social schema than in many sav- age tribes, as those Negroes have a matriarchal system of descent. She has greater control over her children â-  than her husband, and her parents ' and the maternal uncle of the chlld- 1 reu also have a hand In the upbring- ing of the young. "A man can't get a wife by show- ing prowess with the bow and gun and the carving knife and then lay down on the job and expect to keep her. He also has to keep up produc- ing beautiful wood carvings for the use and edification of his wife, and if he gets lazy In providing food and in- competent in carving he is apt to lose her. She can get a divorce from her Indolent partner by proving to the council of the tribe that her husband has deteriorated as a provider and as an artist." Descent Traced Through Mother. ^Khile the descent is traced through the mother and the headship of the Tillage passes to the gran-man's sis- ter's male child, yet the society does not discriminate against the man who has the capacity to make the jungle Cottonwood Tree their purpose as household tools no better than a plain stick, but stUI the men work on and not only carve but inlay soma of the things with hard- northeastern' -j-wood, Value Art. "The curious fact about the Djukas," said Dr. Kahn, "is that while they con- sider an article of utility nearly worth less without having been submitted to the skill of the wood-carver, they pay little attention to the wooden re- presentation 'of their gods. "This is not accidental or due to religious indifference. They see a â- spirit in nearly everything that lives or is. Rocks, trees, animals â€" all have a supernatural element within them, 'hut Sho Djugas have no fear that the god will be displeased if he is not treated to an elaborate image. They have 8 firm conviction that religion Is a qo&IAy that comes from within and is noi stimulated by exterior objects. "Each village has its god, and they hold as semi-sacred the boa-constrict- er, the alligator and the cottonwood tree, which they call the 'con-con dree.' Over and above this world of spirits they believe In an overruling god of the universe." The Djukas revolted in 1750. They developed military leaden and ah un- canny knowledge of the swamps and tracks of the Jungle which trapped and decimated their white masters. The Dutch and their British allies found It impossible to make headway against Uiem because th« jungle swal- lowed up almost every force which at- tempted to penetrate tha campa of the Djukaa. A truce was made and friendly re- lations established, bnt tha Djukaa, 177 years after thla coh>nial war in a hemisphere where tha whites overran- subdued and wiped out Incas, Aztecs and other Indian tribes, still retain their independence and occupy son^e of tha main waterways Into tha in- terior of tha country. Proud '•14)'<'*P*'*<'*'*°*- "The Djukas' are very proud of their Independence," saya Dr. Kahn. "They have no feeling of inferiority in re- spect to the whites. Tha white man has nothing that they cannot do with- out and they trade or not, as they choose. "The bush Negro may use a shot- gnn, buy some trade brass for brace- lets around his wife's arms or legs, make an exchange for lengths of cloth and axes, but the white man does not control the Negro's necessi- ties. He likes a bit of candy and uses tobacco by soaking the leaves in water, using the liquid for sniffing up the nose, but otherwise he lives on what he grows In the way of crops and the ghme of tha jungle and the river flsh. "In the Surinam jungle the Negro, unlike some of his African brothers, has not succumbed to the white man's vices. The Djuka Is pure black and is proud of his skin and his kinky hair. Ho tolerates no race admixture and the Negro of the bush looks down up- on tha black men who lira in tha Dutch towns. They have an approbrl- ous term which they apply to the town black, "buckrashUiS' â€" buckra meaning white man and shlatt mean- ing slave. Control Hinterland. "The Negroes still control the high- er parts of the river roads Into the In- terior, the Upper Surinam, the Siara- macca and the Marowyne, and their rillages are chiefly above the catar- acts of these three streams. There is no other way to enter the interior, and those who travel and trade do so because tha Inhabitants tolerate them." While the African colored man works under the law of a white mas- ter an dths unrestricted exploitation ter and tha unrestricted exploitation scandals of Putamayo and KImberley and current charges of peonage In Kenya, in Surinam the bush Negro trades or works as he wills. "The white man obtains from the Negro only what ho Is willing to give," says Dr. Kahn. "There is no conflict between tha Dutch and tha Djukas The Dutch control is most considerate and tolerant. Each side realizes that tha present situation is a satisfactory one and tha Dutch make no attempt to impose uptn the Negroes. "Besides the protection given them by nature, the Djukaa' feeling of su- periority is based upon the word-ot- mouth literature of the successful re- bellions. Maintain Saga of Deeds. 'They have maintained from genera- tion to generation a sort of saga in which the names of the leaders, tha stories of tha big bsttlaa, the anec- dotes of maglo protfCtton against white men's bullets and the incidents of indlTldual heroism and cleverness hava been preserved. The history is told is f literary or ceremonial lang- uage which is compose d largely of modiflad African words. It is noble speech or "deepee-talkee,' which ma^nil what it sounds like â€" daep-talk, whUe tna <^mn)on speech is talk^a- talke^, a ^Uxture of African, Dutch, - French and Bngllsh. Captain R. H. Mcintosh .,q^^ J^^^ g^^^g ^^^ ^^g j^om Who. out to establUh Engliah long the town and spoke 'Ulkeetalkee' distance r|cord in flight to India, la | obuld not understand 'deepee-talkee.' "It is an interesting fact that tha Three Literary Giant* ^OTT reported loat. BIQ IN BODY AS WELL AS MIND "Big Wigs" of letters fall to agree. "Do We Agree?" was the somewhat inappropriate title of a debate between George Bernard Shaw (left) and Gilbert K. Chesterton (right), which took place in London the other night. Hili^ire Belloc (centre) acted as chairman. Djukas have completely forgotten everything about tuemselves before their transportation to Dutch Gluana. Their history begins with the rebel- lion and they know nothing of Africa. "The Djukas respect themselves and those who visit them. Their pride does not spil over into arrogance and they are as courteous as one would expect to strangers in whom they have no great cucioslty or especial In- terest. Must Have Good Will. "You cannot travel far In that oonn- try without their good wilL Alone, a white man would be helpless in the JuBgle; he cannot live without the help of tha Djukaa and they are so competent to look after themselvea In that environment that they regard the helpless white man as a weaker crea- ture because of hla Inability to cope with the conditions of Ufa In tha Jun- gle. "News of one's arrival la sent up the river by tha beating of tha drums. There la a tom-tom coda and thla drum wireless anticlpatea tha antral of a visitor. If you have made a bad Im- pression, this negative reiiort la wall known throughout the community and you will find that they do not care to trade with you or assist 70a. "In the Upper Snrlnoin River I did not find them anxious to trade any- way. . I had the assistance of B. W. Rogalll, chief forester; Alexander Wolff and W. M. Strang, men of much experience in tha country, and tha whole-hearted co-operation of the Dutch authorities, and the natives only sold me stuff aa a favor and be- cause my guide explained that I had come a long way and greatly admired tha products of their handicraft They like candy, but will not accept it In trade, feeling that It should be thrown In as a bonos." The collection of household artlolas, paddles. Implements, dmms, eto., which Dr. Kahn brought hers Is one of the first of its kind In the country. He paid for it mosUy in tobacco leaves and candy. Follow African Fashion. "The women and some of the men beautify themselves by raising scar tissue on the body and face," he said. "This fashion of embossing tha body is done by catting the flesh in pat- terns of short straight lines and then rubbing charcoal into the cuts. These become raised like welts and few wo- men without a pattern of this kind somewhere on their face or body have any claims to beautyt." Therapy Developed. The occasional traveler coming out â€" â€" . â-  =3!3i History's Most , Expensive Party EwJuaive "Tearfor-Thre^*^ Costs Lady Houston : $7,500,000 ; -, DEATH DUT1E3 ' Premier Reviews Canada's History Right Hon. W. L Mackenzie King at Women's Cana- dian Club IMPORTANT ROLE A rapid review of Canada's history, as a land of myatery flrst, sought by i explorera and adventures, aa a French colony later, then a British eolcnor, and Anally a oonfedarated Dominion playing an Important role In the community of British nations, constituted tha main part of tha ad- dress delivered by Right Hon. W. I* Mackenila King, Premier of Canada, bafora tha Women'a Canadian Club at Montreal recently. History of Yesterday Tha history of yesterday waa al- Incee. Some time later they were again united, and they were the whole of Canada, with an arrangement whereby the capital moved around from one town to another. It was on- ly after the Parliament Bnildlng had been burned la Montreal that the Capital was established in Ottawa. Thla remained so until the dO'e when, after several rapid changes of government had disorganized the political situation, the proposal was brought forward, that instead of leav- ing the Maritime provinces to negoti- ate a little union between tbemaelves they should he invited to join forces with Quebec and Ontario in forming a solid, united Dominion of Canada. Tha famous conference at Quebec was called, tha Dominion of Canada was formed, and waa formally bom on July 1, 1867. Canada waa then a Dominion of four provinces, for Princr Edward Is- land did not come Into the union and tha other Marltlmes had to deal with days flo reoent that no one every much Interior opposition to the deal, knew mnoh ahoat It, Mr. King said. These communltlee at this time and this waa parUonlarly tma of the were still only small colonies. They history of Canada. Only dnrlng the | were united by the St. Lawrence river Confederation celebrations had most only as a means of transportation. Canadians haooms fully aware of the Few people realized how recent mod- greatnaas and rapidity of Canada's em means of transportation were. development. Every nation likes to have a his- toric background, and people natural- ly dig iback to remote days In search of their national origin People some- times said Canada's history went back 400 years to the discoveries of Jean Cai>ot. It was not until a oen- tnry later, however, with the settle- ment of Champialn in 1608, that anthority began to he esta>bllshed In Canada and Canadian history began. Brer since then, the story of Can- ada had beau that of th» develop- ment of Immigration and govern- ment. Then, 150 years again, with the When the flrst paPUament met, one of the- first businesses dealt with was the repurchase of lands given previ- ously to tlie Hudson's Bay Company. Thus In 1S70 the province of .Mani- toba was formed. Now, on the west of coast of North America was a British community only to be reached by sailing round Cape Horn, and they opened negotia- tions to get Into union with the Can- ada of the east. All they wanted In the way of transportation was a waggon road, but the Government de- cided to give them a raUroad. The flrst effort at a railroad attempted by the Government Itself was not very Chancellor Maintained tKdi Right to Tax Estate of Late Husband London â€" The most expensive te* forthroe In history â€" with L<ady Hoa» ton, widow of 8lr llobert Houston, multl-mlHlonalre shipbuilder; Chan* cellor of the Exchequer Churchill, aaali Sir Douglas Hogg, chief legal offiowB for the Crown, discussing high flnsM ncs over the cups â€" has enriched tht{ Qoveriynent by $7,500,000. After the third cup of tea LadJA Houston wrote the Chancellor of tha/ Exchequer a cheque for seven and W half nUIHon. The Chancellor put II te his pocket and ordered anothetl oup of tea around. Shortly thereafter the party broke up with Mr. Churchill giving Lady Houston a paternal pat on the back. The huge payment represented a Compromise tlgure between the |12,« 000,000 which the Govornmeut said Sir Robert's $35,000,000 estate owed In Inheritance tax, and whatever re* duction Lady Houston could uegott^ ate. Sir Robert, who left his entire foiv tune to the wife he married late In i life, had one great hobby, â€" -to escape j the Inheritance tax. A few yean ago he mads his legal residence in Jersey, Channel Islands, where there is no inheritance tax. But the Gov< ernment maintained he was a resident â-  of Enigland. I It was a Posthumous stroke of Irony, therefore, which gave the GoV" ernment $7,500,000. "The Idea of negotiating with Mr. Churchill my own settlomont of the I tax came to me spontaneously," Lady ' Houston said. I It might be added, In this connec- ' tlon, that the Government Impounded her $2,000,000 yacht In which she likes to ride the seven aeas. I "I sent a telegram to Mr. Oh archill saying that I wished to present to the Government my share of the tax at an act of grace. "The Chancellor Invited me to tea at the Treasury in Whitehall. Sir j Douglas was there," sho added. I "We discussed settloraeut of the tax between sips of good tea. "Finally 1 borrowed Mr. Churchill's pen and signed a cheque for one and I a half million poundsâ€" withoiit miss- I ing a sip. ! ".\l)solutely. s-lgnlng of the cheque I did not spoU my tea. We parted hap- < pily, Sir Douglas with his books, j Churchill with my cheque and I with his pat on my back." change of national govomment from I succesatul but It was followed by the French to Brltlah rule, came the ' p-eat development of the Canadian opening of another era. And 60 years Pacific Railway. ago when Confederation came to be, I That brought Canada's history Canada had advanced to be a group of | down to 1871. smallcolonlea. To-day that grouping was so preserved that It was possible to vlsuallae the origin of Canada's clvlzatlon and the development to- ward Confederation. While one thought of Quebec as the oldest part of Canada, there were, on tha Atlantlo commnnltles. Rapid Settlement Then there was still a small com- idnnity outside of the Dominion, Prince Edward Island and in the nearer west there was a wide unset- tled territory on which Indians and shores, three British 1 hnffalo shared the land. After the now known as Nova I building of the railway, came rapid of Surinam has reported that the medicine men of the Djukaa have de- ^^ That'scheme out today. veloped a remarkable system of ther- apy and that they know how to corn- Workmen fn' ancient Britain are said to have been paid in salt. In those days a man had to be literally worth his salt to hold his Job. had' been part of Quebec under one j British Parliament and of the British government with it And as a mat- ter of fact It waa largely due to the French settlement In Quebeo that Canada waa to-day a British Domin- ion, for when the United States broke away from the Empire, It the French community had been hostile ' Crown Coming to Canada In the per- son of the prime minister and the Prince of Wal«a, to congratulate Can- ada on her jubilee. All this should inspire Canadians with a great lasting pride In the vast development and wonderful progress Scotia, New Bmns^ck and Prince | settlement and Alberta and Saskat- BSdward Island. At one time these , chewaa grew up and were constituted provinces thought It a good thing to provinces In 1905 which completed the get together and form themselves , building of the Domlnionas It Is into a province. Mr. King thought It known now. In that sense thla year would not be a bad Idea if they would was only really the 22nd birthday of But Canada, for it was only 22 years ago then, there waa ono large province that the Canada of to-day came to be. known as Canada, and these three And this year for the first time In bat the jungle fevers an dthe venom g^tugm^nta which decided to become the history of any Dominion Canada of snakes. Tha anU-snake concoction . ' - ^^^ -whaia of Ontario ! had seen the representatives of the is said to be so powerful that a per- """• . . .. _ son who has rubbed It into a cut on tha skin or taken It internally turna away the snakes in his vicinity. How- ever, Dr. Kahn says that there is lit- tle real proof of this. "This snake medicine," saj^ Dr. Kahn, "Is made by arranging a dead snake's head with its tall thrust into its mouth. This is slowly baked over a fire and the remains ground Into a block powder.. I did not get an op- portunity to investigate their system of therapy, but found upon Inquiring in the town that the snake cure is well thought of by some of the peo- ple. "I also learned that tbs DJuluis have a medical center up the rirsr, and sick men and women are often taken up to this town, spelled Da- homey but pronounced Daumay. "As the bush Is very thick, the Ne- groes live along the river. They have trails through which thay hunt the peccary, the tapir and the ogoiti with shotguns and sometimes they crash for some distance through the under- growth, but the villages are all on or near the waterways. The clearings ara one or more mllaa apart and each village is governed by a captain or gran-man. "Far up In the Interior lives tha king of the river â€" the gran-gran man â€" and he is the lord and ruler of tha captains of the villages. The Djukas plant quite some cassava, peanuts and tha like, and this, with hunting and Ashing, prorldos for most of their needs." to Britain, the British settlements | Canada had made In so short a time, would Tind'oubtodly have gone with It should also inspire a great respect the rest. Separate Provinces After the revolution the United Empire Loyalists really founded On- tario, and after some years Ontario and Quehec were made separate prov- for the unity ofi the great British Em- pire or Commonwealth of nations, which had made the progress and de- velopment of the British Dominions possible. That unity was something that would endure and something of which Canadians could well bo proud. Slips That Cost Mankind Is growing less sure-foot- ed In spite of bptter pavements, side- walks, floors aiul stairways thn per- centage of accidents duo to slipping, stumbling, tripping or loss of balance lis steadily going up. Thoughtlessness I on the part of the victim Is the ox- ! planatlon given by the State Indus- I trial Commissioner. iCmployers in New York State paid $0,500,000 in the last twelve months in oompensatlnB 18,000 workers who fell. Only half of that number were injured In Ilka manner in 192,1. On stairs the causes tor falling might have been elimin- ated with a little more care. Catch- ing the heel of the shoe and misjudg- ing the step are prominent in the ex- planations. Ladders that slipped, boxes, chairs, tables or other makeshifts iisod In trying to reach something account for hundreds of accidents. Wet floors were charged with 700 slips on level surfaces sustained by restaurant workers and cleaners who should have been on guard against that con- dition. Many other.? fel while carry- ing trays, dishes or packages. Per- sons who fell while walking on level surfaces outnumbered those Inpured by fails from elevations, but their falls were not so serious. As a mat- ter of economy the employer la now trying to make his premises safe, but the worker seems sliU to entertain (ho Idea that accident chooses its vic- tims according to tlioir luck. A little girl was travelling in a tramcar with her mother, a woman of very slight build. Presently an ex- tremely stout woman boarded the car, and sat down opposite the little girl. The train started oft with a jerk, and the child contemplated the woman op- posite her for some minutes, then, turning to hQc mother, laqulrp(i in, a ioud voice: "Mother, is that all ono lady?" HARD ON THE PURSE â-  "My, OiJt the flirl you travel with Is easy on tlia eyea." ; "Veryâ€" but hard on the pursa." Looking from her drawing-room window, a lady saw, as she thought, a poor wretch of a man shivering un- der a lamp-post. In a moment of pity she sent him a ten-shilling note wrap- ped in paper, on which she wrote the words, "Never say diet" The next night there came a knock at her door. The man who knocked was the ono she had seen under the lamp-post, and in handing Ave rounds ten shill- ings to the lady he remarked, "Here's your money, lady. Never Say Die won at ton to one, and you were the only one who backed K. Happy to oblige any timet remembo>r!" "Absolutely chic and obsoletaly thick are less «llke t* «N •/«• than it>» tars."