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^â- w IP mmmm ea OVER THE HEARTHSTONE No Need to Stretch It BttUng back In a coxy arm chair , and Irelaod as well as in Scotland, a wltb «ne's feet on the fender. It ti in- brick or stone dais at the hearth, rals- terefUng to muse during a quiet even- 1 ed a few inches above the floor, may . Inc upon the history of the fireside. still be seen. Chairs or stools were '. Cciil was first burned In England In ' P'^ced thereon, and there the gentry | 1146, but Edward I Mlevud veny **' endeavoring to warm themselves , â- trongly la the good old-fashioned log- 1 «luring the cold winter evenings. A j flfM, *.nd by Uoyal Proclamation for- '"'"^^ «'"' clumsily constructed flue ' bade the use of coal on the ground '. '°°'* °^ ^^^ smoke. The drafts were ; that its smoke soiled the air. This appalling, and it was In order to try i king of prejudices had a short way ^"'* combat thom that high-backed with subjocls who disobeyed his royal '^'"'^' ""<* settees were devised. It commands, and. according to a record '« related that so exquisite was Henrir â-  found among the archives In the Tow- V''« "^nse of values that he gave the | er. for more than a hundred years , revenue of a building which he had , thereafter coal was In gennral use '. conflscated, to an attentive subject only in the North of England. | ^^° placed a high-backed chair be- { fore the Are for him, at a house at The Crofter's Hesrrt | which he was a guest, so skillfully TUe first fires were. made on the that Ills Majesty was out of all drafts. eoOT, within a small square of bricks, | Chlmneya the smoko escaping â€" eventually â€" j f.,on, jjj^ j^yg ^f j^e Henrys, strict through a hole In the roof. To this i^^.g y,gjg enforced to prevent ordi- day in certain parts of the highlands n^ry people from attempting to "pre- and 'north cf ScotUmd, where only peats are burnt, this primitive method la fo;io';ved. The writer has been In the 'bui â-  and "ben"- of un old thatch- ed croft on the moors of Scotland, and spoken to the great-grandmother who has lived therein for more than seven- ty years ( s'le Is nlnety-Rlx years of age nov.-, and alert and active), and this delightful old resMentcr has de- clared that only onco rtu.nng the whole of that period has the kitchen lire (In sume above their class" â€" by building a chimney! Only In a castle or a manor house was one allowed â€" and not more than one. Imagine chimneys being built of wood! Yet they were. Ac- cording to the Ivlber Albus (\Vhlte Book) of the city of London, it was found necessary In 1419 to enact "'that no chlmnsy be henceforth made, ex- cept of stone, tiles or plaster, and not of timber, under pain of being pulled down." Owing to the restrictions on the middle of the floor) required to be (^e Statute Book, It was not till the lit afreshâ€" and that was about forty seven years ago after a snow storm. The (Ire had bean lit for the "house- warming" when she entered with her bridegroom tad been extinguished ow- ing to the heavy snowfall through the hole In the roof! It i.s the custom in certain parts of the highlands to put on a couple of peats every night before retirlr.K. These smolder till the morn- ing, when the peat ash Is stirred up; more peats are tha> added, and soon there is a cheerful blaze to boil the big Iron kettle which is ever on the hob. Very few cottages are now left which still have the Are in the middle of the room. Oenerally In the crofter's kitchen in small thatched cottages, and also on man;/ of the morn substantial farm Ki-.'ads of the old type, ample' heart!) ntcomniodatlon has been pro- vided. It is not uncommon to see coinfortably-sized recesses built inside the hearth and on either side of the fire whero the "guld-wife" and her "man" s!t after the day's work is done, •urroiin-Jed by their "bairns." very 'murii cifier the manner depleted t»y Rcbbl'j liiirns In his epic of Scottish country life â€" "The Cottar'a Saturday Night." Blocks of hardened clay or stone, rai.sed from tMwlvo to eighteen Indies above the ground, make cozy seats for hardy folk! At all hours of the iIh;-- and night it Is the invincible rule that the large stockpot remains suspended over the Are. And no won- der this rule Is so well observed, for It would be dlfflcult to llnd a place else- when- In the quaint abode to conveni- ently stow so rumbersoine an object. Henry VIII and a Highbacked Chair In raslles and In some of th» very old houses of quality, both In Pjngland time of Queen Elizabeth that chimneys had become commonplace. "Hearth-Money" "Hearth Money," levied between 1653 and 1690, was a tax on domestic (ires, and had to bo paid to the king. The clergy had their innings also, by leviylng a tax known as that of "Smoko Farthings." The First Fire-irons It Is loss than one hundred and fifty yeads ago since stoves were first used on a largo scale. The only fire- Iron in the time of Henry VIII was the Are fork, a two-pronged imple- ment for stirring and shifting the logs. The development of the tongs, poker and shovel cime along with the eventual general use of coal. Crude f.trips of bent sheet-Iron were, In the beginning, used as fenders. The Curfew Bell The lino In Gray's "Elegy" â€" "The curfew tolls the knell of parting day" â€" applies even yet In certain remote villages in Britain. As far back as the time of Alfred the Groat, the cur- few bell, In many western and south- ern countries of Europo, gave the signal for all flres to be put out and for people to go to bod. This pro- cautionary measure was very sensible In these early times when so many people lived ^n wooden houses, and It had an appreciable effect In greatly diminishing the number of houses burned down. The couvre-feu was In regular use at that time. It was somellilng like a Dutch oven with a handle. (Jlowing embers were push- ed to tlio back of the hearth and then covered with It. In this manner the Are was effectually stifled. THE ANTIPODES ATTRACT THE ANGLER The northern coast of New Zealand is now the Mecca of the world's sea monster fishermen. Swordflsh, sharks and threshers abound. These three giants were caught by Zane Qrey, the well-known author. Agriculture to Observe Jubflee Grisdale Answers British Amusmg PsMages Whfltf OiniiHwn Gives Intenriew in London MILK DELIVERY Hon. W .R. MotherweU Tells of G^mprehensive Ex- hibition Plans Ottawa. â€" "Every brmnch of tte Federal Department of Agrkoltors will be represented in the celebration JjondoB.â€" dome of 'Canada's Agricultural Jubiee','' o«curred betw0«a Dr. J. H. OfMtaW declared Hon. W. E. Motherwell, BUb- ct^joAltM Deputy Mlnlatar el AgtIetAJ ister of Agrriculturo, recently, "and ; t„^ ,^ , consMenbto body at Bw they are altogether «uddo from the ; ug^ newspapermen who woro InTitaC provincial education and livestock dio- ^q meet him at Canada Hooso recent^. playv which will be a part and parcel ly of this presentation of the srreatest 'ip^ ^j^, f^„i Quesdon askad bin,) of all of the Dominion'a basic indus- -Doe, farming payT" Mr. Orladale de-j tries." I livered an optlmlsUc account of tbia' The Minister explained the ramiU- [ y^^g CanadUn crops and cattle rala^ cations of the Federal Department of , j^j jjig audience seemed surprlaod' Agriculture, which has nnder Its j ^^ jj^j, q^i tobacco growlns was su*^ wing a great number of branches ; cessfully followed In Canada, aW "Miracle" Wheat Consult Women on All Questions Dr^Fairfield Pointrf Out Great Changes in England "It would bo Impossible to .pass any legislation In Kngland without the approval of the women of Eng- land," Dr. Letllla KalrfloW, O.B.E., told the Montreal Women's Olub when she reviewed (he changes which have taken place In the lives of professional women In Kngland and women Interested In public work., in Montreal recently. "In every political party," she con- tinued, "women aro taking an In- creuningly active and Important part. They have to be consulted on any quemloM that affects the country at large or women and children in par- tirulur." Dr. Falrlleld Is a physician and a barrister. She was appointed woman medical director of the Royal Air Force Medical Sorrico In 1911, and Is now iliviMlctial medical olfcer of the London County Counrll. She hag licid several nolablo hospital and as- ylum appointments, and Is now In Montreal on route to the United Stalcn, in order to make a study of mental h.-'Klono methods there. The big change In the lives of pro- fessional women and women Interest- ed lu pnbllc affairs was (he ciiiulng of the vo(e. Dr. Kairllold muditalnod. , J>otltlclnns did everything they could to remove wnmen's grIirvancoH, thus trying to kill the measure by klnd- Heaa. They gave them lucreuiiod cm- â- Iderndon In politics in order to keep (hem quiet, she said. "There has been no conflrmntlon jCf the alarming prophecy that women fWouId band together to put men In ,4h«lr places," Dr. Fairfield nsiortod. |*^here If no dlatlnot women's polltl- 'eal partjr of any importance In Kng- land. We hare, of conrae. groups Ilka Ladr Rhondda'a Sir-Point croup (bat maka a point of qnaitlons politl- IMt and ioolal that partleolarly aSeet [ ifttmen and ohtldrm. M ' '^oman ara now admtttod to pro* tenlona from whioh hitherto that war* eieludod, for Inatanca, that of ', ohartarad aooountanor. The big atap ma tba admlaaton of woman to the mr." Dr. PHilrOald, who is a barrlit«r ot tba Middle Tnnpla, •xplaltiad some of tba difflouillci vhleh basst (be jEng- ||*h womaj ^rrUtar undar the ar^ tem of barristers and solicitors. "So- licitors have to be the most cautious of Individuals. Women are finding practising at the Bar, very slow going. But It must not be thought that thejr are not doing well. We have some exremely able women pleading at the Bar." ' * A Law Unto Herself Buenos Aires Standard (English).: The things which all sensible Ameri- cans recognize with regret and indig- nation Is that, though the riches of their country augment rapidly, the accumulation of wealth is not so rapid as the riso of the world's wrath against America. More than once Americans have admonished Kngland that her resentment was resented. But iiow caiyi country, a people, half a world, bo kept from feeling and voicing their thoughts? . . . Ameri- cans Insist upon their divine right to say what they ploasQ when and how they please, but In her Jobliku misery Kuropo must not cry out as the patriarch did, or "curse Ood and die." . . . The only hppa tor tho future Is that tho vast number of Americans nrtlvoly striving to cultivate and bring to perfection a bettor under- standing will In time succeed lu get- ting tho Middle West to recognize that It is not a good thing for it to be like rotor Boll: "Full twenty times was I'otor feared for onco that Peter was respected." L. H. Newman, Dominion Cerealist, Shows that this Wheat is More a Promo- ters Variety Than Farm- ers Friend There has appeared recently in a number of leading agricultural papers an article entitled 'JKIng Tut's Wheat Grown in the West." The article re- fers to certain results obtained by a Soldier Settler living near Edmonton, Alta., and gives the impression that the wheat In que.stion was discovered in 1922 in the tomb of King Tut-ankh- amen. As a matter of fact the records show that this wheat was known as far back as 1840 when one enterpris- ing gentleman offered heads at $5 each. The above variety belongs to the Poulard subspecies of wheat, being somewhat intermediate between the common and durum wheats. It has numerous aliases, the most common ot which are Egyptian, Eldorado, Many Headed, Miracle, Mummy, Seven Headed and Alaska. It has always been easy to interest people in this wheat owing to Its branched head. If an unbranched head will yield so much surely a branched head will yield much more. While head for head this may be true, yet experi- ments have not shown that it holds good acre for acre. This wheat was probably Introduced into North Ameri- ca from Europe or Egypt in Colonial days. It was received by the Phila- delphia Society for promoting Agri- culture in 1807. since which time it has appeared periodically under one name or another. In 190S the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture began an exten- sive investigation of this wheat, which investigation continued for several years. In the meantime It has been tried by farmers al over tho United States, but it is not now grown anywhere as a commercial crop. The fact tha tt ihas never become estab- lished In spite of the remarkable ad- vertising It has received is a good in- dication of its inferiority. Promoters, however, resurrect it periodically, and owing to its striking and unusual ap- pearance, manage to sell It to tho un- affiliated or inamediately connected with agriculturist They include the experimental farms, live stock branch, health of animals brand), biological laboratories, aeed branch, hortknl- ture, dairy and odd storage, entomol- ogical, fruit, national live stock reo- ords and the various extension and other incidentals arisdng oat of the sub-departments. Alberta, which has had Its banner crop year, has notified tha Minister that its exhibit will comprise grains from this year's yield, and that its display will be most comprehensive. Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Ontario are putting forward special efforts while Quebec, Manitoba and Saskatchewan will be well to the front. In addition to the Agrictilture Jub- ilee which will be staged at the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair in Toronto from Nov. 16 to Nov. 24, Canada's national apple week la also to be re- cognized in the Eastern Pw^vinces with the "Royal" as its Eastern scene while in the Western Provincea, Oct, 24 to Oct 31 has been set aside as â- "aples for health" week. Pictured Business and trade in Great Britain suspecting farmer at exorbitant prices. The essential facts concerning Alas- ka wheat have been summed up very nicely in a bulletin published by the United States Department of Agricul- tureâ€" BuIleUn No. 357, 1916, P. 27â€" at the conclusion ot extensive tests con- ducted at many points in the U.S., as follows: (1) That it has been used in this coimtry very often as a means^ are not In the serious condition that of deceiving people and very seldom as a farm crop; (2) that It has failed to produce even fair yields when tried in many parts of the country, and has never been known to produce extraordinary yields; (3) that it is not a good milling wheat; (4) that the branched head is not a sign of superior yielding power. A . though as far as the British marketl for the weed was concerned. Mr. Grla» dale declared that the Briton's tastes' were hard to change. 'All this Is very cheerful about £aa>j ada but can yon suggest any remsJ dies for British agriculture." declared] a pressman connected with a papWi which has long been deploring th* present state ot the British farmer, with a hardly concealed desire thera^ by to "throw a monkey wrench" Into, Premier Stanley Baldwin's machinery.' 'I could but I had better not for your publication." replied Mr. Orla- dale, whereon the pressman good* temperedly Intimated It was scarcely worth while asking any more que» tlons. Mr. Grisdale then permitted hta hearers to record his opinion on mllli products handled In Canada by farm- ers' organizations who maintained their interest- in the product until tt reached the consumer. It was hand* led more experltlously and. In tha cities, more hyglenlcally. Milk Handcarts. ^ The Canadian minister declared that the little milk handcarts seen here would be considered a joke ia Canada. Some of his audience a* sured him that delivery on a larga scale .was not unknown here. Tha small delivery was gradually bein« Anyhow He Wat Fired. "Just heard Jerry got llred out of the pantomime." "Zatso? Wonder what the trouble was." "Don't know, 'less he couldn't learn his lines." ,> War Memorials Berlin Borsen Courier: It seems as though a curse lay upon all speeches made since tho War at tho inaugura- tion of memorials to the dead. The nations of the world wero willing to forget the past, but their statesmen do everything they can to revive tho ancient hatreds. . It Is not therefore surprising that material disarmament makes little progress, since the spirits of men do not wish to be dis- armed. "Rembrandt painted about 700 pic- tures. Of those 7000 are in exist- once." â€" Dr. William Bode. The only legal theft â€" a stolen base. has froQuenUy been reported In this gUnji^^t^,! ,„ London. '^°^^'^;n . w .. .1 'Mighty gradually I should say," ra- The Tory party makes lU mis- j ^^g^ jj^. Grisdale, who asserted Ukes, but Britain is steadily pulling ^ aellvery here was very much be- out of Its difficulties. It has lost some • '^*^ °*' * of Us foreign trade, but the figures are showing Improvement. One im- portant fact Is that with all the "lost" trade the "poor rates" are coming down, only holding stationary in lo- calities where the guardians of the poor are mostly representatives of the always extravagant Lavor-Social- ist party. There could be no better test, because the reduction In pauper- ism clearly demonstrates that the un- employment figures aro not so seri- ous as they seem. British business moves slowly, but is backed by char- acter and intelligence, with the result that when gains are made they are kept. The tax burden is still very heavy, but it Is clearly resting more easily. ^^ Why Not Pkx>hibit the Corn Crop? Louisville Herald-Post: Andrew Vol- stead's determination to deprive the great American home of Its brew by invoking a section of the prohibition law forbidding "possession or sale of materials designed for use In manu- facturing Intoxicating liqnor" reads like an act of desperation. . . . H<. Voistead's move is simply a confession of tho futility of trying to enforce an unenforceable law. It proves that the country cannot be dried up by pro- ceeding against alcoholic liquors alone. so tho baffled dry agents proposes to stamp out all the sources of alcohol. Sie farther back they go the bigger ey make the problem and the soon- er they will crystallize the general sentiment in favor of reasonable modi- fication of an unreasonable law. Italy is shaped like a boot and Mus- solini is doing his best to put tho kick Into it. Communism and the Soviets Kclio do I'aris: 'I'lie mjUures nmdo in I'ekln. and afterwards In Loiidua In the Sovlot licadcniarlors. showed clearly that they wore cunt res of espionage and snclal dIsliiteKration. Why should they bo anything else In other countries? V/o know that thoy nru not. Tho Communist idea, faith- fully and ardently represented by ovory Sovlot agent, cannot bo recon- ciled with tho spirit of patriotism and national fueling. It Is thoniforo use- less for us to struggle against Com- tnunism, unless wo cottiineuco hy breaking relations with tht Soviets. Communism Is part ot the Soviet Socialist machtoe. "Don't get up from tha toast of Ufa without paying for your shara ot It" â€" Daan lag a. ^ Brown â€" "I'm trying to find lomo one who knows mo to go security on my note." Sykes "Don't you think, n^y boy, you'd bettor look fo* soma oaa who doesn't know youf Ontario Comes Third hind the method employed in Canada in the matter of speed. , One newspaperman reared In Devon" shire, (very few Loudon pressmen acknowledge the Metropolis as theif, birthplace) was instantly on his feet to explain the speed with which Ply mouth received its morning milk. An- other man from Norfolk rendered llkai testimony to the early bird character of his native county. v Mr. Grisdale then proceeded to ev press his opinion that English anA Scottish farmers emplajred an iin^ necessarily large number of menâ€" < anything from a third to a half too many. . "1 have also noticed here twa men working one horse whereas wa should have one man working twa horses." He admitted that British cattle were well fed but had seen a lot ot stables ot which he did not think ver)' much. "Our farmers are very hard up.** suggested a representative of a news- paper which is despondent about tha British agriculturist. "Your beet is well fed and you da not market it precipitately as we." admitted the Deputy Minister. Planning Battle Liberals in Britain Preparing to Stage Dramatic Come- back .^ London.â€" Tho Liberals are prepar^ ing to stage a dramatic comeback at the next election, according to Liberal headquarters, and recent events they, assert have given them the greatest hopes for a spectacular revival la spite of the sneers of the Tories, and ot Joynson Hicks' prediction that tha next election will see the extinction ot tho Liberal party, they believe theri will capture many seats both troa Labor and the Tories. ruled with such optimism. Liberal speakers throughout the country ara cNplainlng their agricultural and in* iiustrial policy and are holding up I.loyd George as tho model statesman. Sir Herbert Sixmuel now intends con- testing a seat In' tho next election, probably In I.ancashire, and every* where throughout the country thera Is tho greatest Liberal activity. Tho Liberal program includes a re> turn to froo trade, and reorgauiiatloa ot Industry, and particularly mining.' also tho encouragement of small hold* ings In agriculture^ and offlcloncy In mnrkellns pwducts. Tho liberals ba>! Hove thoru is a d«flntte turn towards the pAllry founded on Llber&l prUK clplos. ' • CANADA'S CHAIMPio., ,*ND HIS COMPETITORS , ^ Mexico's hoy orator. Arthuro Oardn Formontl. won Iht) IntalHaUonal chnmplonshlp at tho recent coatait In Washlngto.i. D.C. Ho is at U»« right, above, with Miss Dorothy Cnrlslon. United SUtas champion, naxt IS him and Frodirlck P. Ilotson. Canadian champion, who took third place, at tho left. Georcaa Oulot OuUUna^aa rrench champion, at the left in tho back row. took aacond place. The other contaatont was JaaM KuMl^^t* â- on, champion ot Kngland. - ^' -^ ./ Lunali A La Carta. ^ hta hmak a la carta tranr' 6Krr "T«| aata at ona of Ihaca Vmela •t Iha Btrtat t^t'aot.**