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Ctiisaders' Ruins Reveal a Story Excavators Find Evidence of Luxurious Life at the Old Castle of Montfort in Palestine â€" Some of the Relics Un- covered by Them I t- Evidence of luxurious life in which fh« twelfth century Crusaders were Indulging in Palestine at the time of ttMiir l.;inl dijfeat by the Saracens has •t last been gathered hi conclusive form by the excavations at the old ««8t!s of Montfort, near Tyre, made on bthalf of the Metrorclitan Museum of Art of New York. For n»re than six centuriee, from Its fail in 1271 until 192fi, Montfort Castle was left undisturbed, and when excavations were finally undertaken tt was only in the hope the specimens of crusadir-.T armor mijtht be discov- ercti Most of the castle was in ruins. The woodwork rs was found by TV. L. Calver, the field director, had been bjjrncd by the Sanicens; man^^f tKe v/all.s had fallen and lit- __,^'-o Was unearthed that cooild be added to the- rr.useuni's coTlection of armor. Wli t tho findings did show was that the c jnipLlint of William, Archbishop of Tyre, the mc:''eval historian, had been c<,rrect; the Crusaders had not Iwifi on c pen>ftual pilKrimaj^e and at times n-.ust have rnjoyed almost as niu<-h comfort as did" their cjntimpor- arie« in W<'stcrn Kurog*,. William had Died, YU><r>ut tho mid- dle of th-j twslfth century, that the kincdor.i of tho West in tlie East was beginning t^ tremble. Me thou;:lit it was bcoau.<ie the invafVrs in the East had forynktn God and were in turn beirjfr forsaken by Him; that the princes of the We.st were no longer giviiig themselve.ii up wholly to the cruL'ado. ties and flasks, allowing the shape to havo been somewhat similar to the modem wine flask, the bottom rising a little withm th3 cavity. In some oaaes the flasks were oval in outline, the r.<3cks sonvetimes short, sometime.^ long. In a few examplee the neck had been made to resemble a string of beads. In one chamber several small l>ottles wer© di«oovertMl together, along with a mortar, still in its up- right position. ThMe, it is said, may denote tho Gaie-timc existenco there of a med';o\"al drug store. Among the other interesting glass objects were fragments of lamp hangers. These were formed of small lumps of cobalt blue glass and pre- sumably were once affixed to a bowl of transparent glass. The blue lumrp had been made into a wide hook, to whicb chains or cords could be attach- ed. Tha number of these hangers indicates a more or less general use. Tho most important lamp was a hang- ing one, fhattered but retaining its form. It i.s tran-sparent above, blue below, and boars on .several zones a calligraphic gold inscription in Arabic. This is now in the museum at Aero. Traces of stained glass windows were found in two of the chambers and in the chapel. .According to Dr. Dean, not only was "colorless" gla.?.-; used, but al.so green, V>lue and corn- colored. The pieces show the glass to havo been painted in grisaille, with bands and interlaced foliation, as well as human ftgure-s. A small fragrment A New Route Opened A GRACEFUL CEREMONY Captain Kirk Thornie of the raotorshlp Benjamin Franklin recelvInK a souvonir flag from Lord Mayor Watson Boyes of Hull, England, to com- ijeinnrate the Inauguration of direct commercial service to Vancouver, B.C. A peace r^rty, whiv'h saw no need o' a human head done in white glass for continuous warfare, was, in fact, I grisaille is at present in the Metrc>- •prinifing up under the leadership of jpol'tan Museum. Raymond of Tripoli. Tho laxity of| FINELY CARVED MARKERS the Eastern sun had begun to affect ivo blocks apparently of litho- the knights, who desired also, per- haps, to pur.suc art and literature â€" which could not very well be done in the inidst of battle. They made their castles, churches and mona.stories as much like those at home as they could, and settled down to peaceful activity or ijujtivity. TRAINING VCn KNIGHTHOOD. S(.ngs and history .=how life there to have l>een not unliko that of the West. The youn.g knight, as a poten- tial ruler, spent his early years at hk} fathers castle, learning to hunt, hawk and ride, then was sent to the castle of a king for further training. Wh n ho had fuvished his courtly graphic limestone were picked up in the one chamber of tho castle whose roof had not fallen in. Both blocks were chiseled in intaglio â€" perhaps with the very chisels found in an armor compartment â€" and both evi- dently served as molds into which some material, such as leather, could be prmwed. Tho bettor artistically of the two blocks, retained by the De- partment of Antiquities of the Gov- ernment of Palestine, measures seven by eleven by three inches, and was carved on the wiide siide with a her- aldic shield and fleur de list Ttbe shield bore an eagle, and was evident- ly the badge of the German Ritt^ games; in the evenings the mnging of the minstrels. -. This appears to have been the state of affairs at tho time the Saracens were gathering their forces for at- tack. When Bibars, a relentless foe of th3 7rank», became .Sultan in 1260, ho took up with fresh vigor tho cam- pai;in a^'iinst the Crusaders. Wher- ever he went he burned and pillaged. Althou^fh Montfort Castle wilh-stood one siege, it eventually fell. The site, according to Dr. Bashford Dean, curator of arms and armor of the Metropolitan Museum, proved an excellent one for the castle's medieval occupant.s. Montfort was reared on an abrupt shoulder of a hill. Jutting out betwi'<?n tho arms of the Wady Kum. This was about 600 feet above tho v/at<-r. Tho hill wai precipitous on its western side, sloping by easy etagc.H on the eastern. It was about training he returned to the family ^ corden. The second, a triangular oastle. There was, it is true, a cer- 1 stone, roughly four by nine by t»ro tain amount of fighting to be done, j inches, represents on its muin face bnt the pastimes of the period were i two fishes, symbols of early Cbrtatian many â€" tournamcnta. hunting and ity. The other faces have curved and straight designs, possibly to be used for the printing of belts, hoktore, car- riers or similar objectn. It is now in tho Metropolitan. In the sanve room with the two matrices was found evidence sugffest- ing that the decorations produced in- cluded paintings. This evidence was a small piece of a wooden panel, cov- ered on one side with canva« and gesso, on which are still to be seen traoee of the portrayal of btniMn figures. STONE WORK WAS MADE ORNATE. Tho sculptured stone work of the castle, with its scrolls, boesets, folia- tion, and an occa«ional grotesque head also show the desire of the knights for bt^autiful surrounidings. A number of pillar sections, bearing polychrome decorations, and arch ribs Fortune Telling Skill in Character Reading Helps the Gypsy Girl Tell Your Fortune "It is all memorized," said a gypsy fortune-teller the other day in ex- plaining her method to a newspaper w(oman. "It Is handed down by word of mouth from generation to genera- tion. All that we learn to acquire Is the ability to detect characteristics, mannerisms, of all types of people." low In the front, stand usually two squat men of dark complexion.. They are the husbands, the winter support of the wives who are their summer support. Their fierce mustachloa twirling skyward, their thick hands, their hot black eyes, all aid In form- ing a picture that reeks of bohemla, a free life and an easy one. Is It love of adventure that attaches these people to their way of life? Gipsy women scorn the idea, we are told. Said one: "We own our country home In this town, a long, high, frame house with Unbending still more, she added, "I fourteen light, airy rooms. We Ameri- Bix miles from the sea. half way be- P"'i'*"* with transvcr.se bandis, vron tween Acre and Tyre, and ni?ar it a road passed along toward the Sea of GalilM*. ONCE A ROMAN FORTRESS. Tho history of tho region is n t brought to light liy tho excavators. Out«ido the castle proper a so-called "mi'l arouses further speculation as to tho life of tho inhabitants. It stands OOO feet north of the ma-ln altogether known but, judging f rom "'"'''*'"*^' ""'' "'<*"« ^^^ ^^^^ of the Roman coins and bits of marble sculp- ^ ^'^'^^ Kurn. a ruin measuring almost lure, the site had boon fortified in tho "^ ^'â- '^^ ^" length. Many features of days of tho empire, iwssibly Ijcforo ^^^ castle are repeated in it. There that. The castle was built at tho ^^. chambers with groined anehea, beginning of tho thirteenth century, delicate capitals and ornamental koy- In 122!) the lords of Mandelco were in possession and the s-amo >far ceded Montfort to Hennan de Salsui, Grand Master cf the Order of tho Hospital of Our I-ady of the Teutons, who, using the (;<rinnn o<|uivalont, Stark- enberg, inado tho fortification the K«neral hcadqunrtcrsi of the Order in Palestine. In 1266 tho now Sultan Bibars nttacktxi Iha castle, but wan repulsed. In 1271 ho again attacked, this time probably by tunneling un.d<'r the western end, nnd was successful. He i-.enui to havo broken nil tho en- gine.i of war, or to havo taken them eway. Tho excavators found only piece*. Tho climate of Pale.stino is far from favorable for tho preservation of Iron ol)ject», and this explains why, as regards annor, the excavations wore not a greater success. What colored Klass windowK there wopo at the time of Dibnrs we/a presumably broken by him. Other glassware must have been smashed either by tho iiwador or by the crumbling of tho walls; paintings were eaten by (kvay. But from such fragments as remain Dr. D««n draws the conclusion that tho Icnightr of Montfort were living on • hi^h material level. Glnos is apt to bo as gjood cvidemM of their luxury as any, for annl«B A photosraphor says that most on the .march or nccu.stomod to thfl | politicians are Rood slttors.. Unfor- rigors of warfaro are not i^<»mlly well tunately they aro seldom photograph- stones. The whole building is divided into sections which, from tho charac- ter of the r(H>nw, might wall have been uod to house pilgrima. As far as tho recent excavators could tell, there was no great outer ring wall extending around all tho buildings, though in tho midst of such formidable enemies a wall of some kind would seem to have been needed. Instead there may have been merely a mound surmounted by a palisade and encloacd by a ditch. As has been imid, the armor finds were disappointing; yet they suffice to throw further light on nn obscure subject. The pieces found range from arrows, ;9pearhcad« and jazorant scales to the "cannon balls" which, scattered through tho rooms near tho chapel, boar muto testimony to the fact that stained gla.sH windows formed a target. All in nil, the excavations did not do 03 much to onrich museums as they (lid to add to what was hitherto known al>out tho Crusaders. Montfort housed men who (ieinanded tho best luxuries and comforts the ago nffordedw In 1270 thoy must still havo been worthy warriors, however, sinco Montfort ro- sirted tho enemy once before it fell. L proWtk^l with it In Montfoi!! nieces «t gUua and frn^mcnta of ornam»..ts Wtre found. WELL EQ'/IPPP:D WITH UO .'TLES. Ittort* wi.« •w<'»;)s i^ n imo:vus bot- eil In their rharactoristlc attitudo sit- ting on tho fonca. All (vlucntlon doos tn-dny Is to d«> T«k)p tbn memory at the expense of tks imsglnntlon. Own Johnson. said you wore nervous. I could tell that from the way your hand twitched when I held It. You also chewed your lips, a sure Indication of great ner- vousness. I saw your wedding ring. It shines with newness. And you are young. You could not have been mar- ried long." Lapsing Into broken Eng- lish she spoke of the gipsies, who have about 3,000 fortune-telling booths In this country. "People think we wild. We not wild. Wo save money and buy property. We rich people, but, like to do this." As the writer tells us, "a swarm of gipsies have estab- lished themselves In booths along the coast-wlso boardwalks," where "few pleasure-seokors resist the call: 'Tell your past, present, and future for fifty cents? Tell your fortune?' " Pub- lished In the Now York Times, the article Informs us: Usually the booths are clean. The gipsies have tho proud appearance of having recently been bathed and combed; the fingera that lightly hold the hand of the client are well cared for. A pot of Ice-water stands on the table across which meet the bands ot customer and fortune-teller. Tho gip- sy woman dips hor fingers Into the pot before Rolng through,tho motions of reading tho Hues in a hand at which she glances intormltteutly. She allows tho hand to rest gently within her own while hor glance roves over tho clothes, the jewelry, or collture of her ciistomors. Leaning against the outside sup- ports ot the booth, which Is sheltered from the sun by cheap drapery hung can gipsies, we do not roam about the country. We are not like Brazilian gipsies who live In dirty wagons or cars and have no place to call home. In winter we live In New York, on Delancey Street, and send our child- ren to school. They must bo edu- cated American children. We live in houses. We are good American gip- sies, citizens." "How many camps are there in this country?" the fortune-teller was ask- ed. "Ob, I can not say how many gipsy camps there are. Gipsies are divided. There are Brazilian, American, and Roumanian gipsies In this country. Some have their kings still," she said, "but American gipsies have only ens boss. He Is Washington, the Presi- dent. We are not dirty. We try to be good Americans. "We do not steal, we respectable. We will send our babies to college when they grow upâ€" not be dummy, like mother â€" father." Then came the fortune-telling: "For fifty cents I tell you one hand," the gipsy woman said.. "For dollar I read both hands. You want know all or halt?" Only half a for- tune was wanted. "You are very nervous," she droned. "You have been married only a short while. You are In dan- Ror of losing your husband to a blonde or brunette, both of whom are also jealous and envy you your good Job. Heware of eating too much meat. You understand, understand?" Tho reading was peppered with her queries: "Understand, understand? Tell the truth, am I right Under- stand?" She took up her droning. "Yon will come Into some money soon, you will be very happy. You have had some trouble, little trouble with your husband. You will have more trou- ble. Watch your temper. . You will ! take a long journfty. You are good-' hearted, you do things for everybody, heated nobody does things for you. You ex-j " Mushroom Consomme travagant, you spend money foolibh. ; ' You buy much clothes; your husbaad \ ^* tbree-fourth» o] a pound ol no like, understand? You going havo^"^*** mushrooms In a stewpan with' two chlldron, you be very happy, you ; <"»* cupful of water, a little salt and live sixty-fivo years. Good luck, make i PaPPer, one tablespoon of butter anA Now 18 the Time For Mushroctfitf A delicious sauce to be^ooored orer^ broiled or baked mushrooms wmr b« made by patting the peele4« brakea mushroom st«lka to simmer is beet juice extracted from round steak Juei a wish." When the newspaper woman asked if such predictions as the one about the "blonde or brunette" were not likely to make trouble â€" The gipsy shook her head with a wise air. "Oh, no, that only makes love bigger and better. When you arc In danger of losing something precious you hold it more dear. I took a chance on believing that you held a job; most modern girls work. And for every girl with a job there are dozens of blondes and brunettes who would like to have that job, so that was a safe statement. She thought the others fully as safe, and explained: "The warning to beware of too much meat is always good. "Every one gets some money. No matter how far away from the time I told your fortune, you would always say I predicted It. Of course, you will be happy; no one unhappy all the time. It Is safe to tell any person that they will have trouble, that they must watch their tempers. "Every one takes journeys, at some time or other. No person thinks his heart Is mean, or that he is vtlngy, or that he doesn't do things for peo- ple. A customer always believes that he does things for everybody, but no- body does anything for him.. "It flatters a customer to be told that she Is extravagant, that she is well dressed. I took a chance In say- ing that your husband did not like you to be a spendthrift. Every young married couple has Its lover's quar- rels, uo matter how trivial, and they are always called troubles." "But what about your prediction of two children and a life of slxty-flve years?" the customer asked. The gip- sy shrugged her shoulders. . "Who knows? It makes the fortune nicer!" Gipsies may stick to fortune-telling 'because they like It," but It does not appear that they wholly enjoy being gipsies, for the gipsy woman said, half questioning, halt pleading, "I do not look gypsy, I look American?" Final- ly, as If telling her people's fortune, she remarked: "Some day we all be good American citizens with educated children; then nobody think we gip- sies." A High Flyer. "I hear Mr. Lark is quite a sport" "Well, he's a hlghJller." Perpetuating Plowing Prowess INTERNATIONAL PLOWING MATCH AT LANGSTAFF Lovers of tho straight furrow congregated at tho Toronto Municipal Farm recentTy when tho annual Interna- tional Plowing Match was held under government auspices. Ideal conditions marked the opening day. At Lett George Uwsoii, King P.O.. director of the York Plowmen's Association and treasurer of the King and Vaughan Plowmen's Association for 21 years. Centre, J. Lockle Wllron. secretary and managlns director ot the OnUrto Plowing Association. Right. Henry Plaa.sance. Lnngstaff P.O., one of the most Interested spectators, who was a successful competitor In the Maple and Vaughan match flftceu years ago. Lower Center, a youthful contestant In action. He Is 12 years old, Bert Tapscott. of MllUkeu, Bcarboro. three gratings of nutmeg. Cook over the flro for twenty-flve minutes, then' press through a coarse sieve. Scald four cups of sweet milk, and when It reaches the boiling point add to It two, tablespoons of sifted flour and one tablespoon of butter creamed together.' When the mixture thickens add tlie mushrooms. Just before taking from the stove to serve add one-halt cup of sweet cream. Serve with cr!sf wafers. Four or five servings. Mushreom and Veal Leaf Chop two pounds ot cold roast veali very fine, mince one dozen olives andj one dozen large mushrooms. Mix all together In a bowl end season it with salt, pepper and onion Jul:o. Have' ready one cup of strained gravy or, stock and wet the mi.'cture with it' Unless the gravy Is quite thick It Is well to add one-third package of gela- tin. The mixture should not b<> too soft. Pack In greased mold and set la a pan of boiling water. Put In the oven and cook an hour. When cold and set turn out. Six to eight serv- ings. Another Loaf One pound mushrooms, peeled, cut fine, one-half pound fresh pork, two pounds veal, one cup bread crumbs, one-fourth cup milk, juice and rind oti one lemon, three eggs, two tablespoons butter, juice of half onion, salt and pepper to taste and a rash of mace. Put the veal and pork through a meat chopper, soften the bread crumbs' In milk, add the seasoning, half of the mushrooms and the beaten eggs. Shape In an oblong loaf and place: In a shallow pan; dredge with flour.' Lay several thin slices of bacon on top of the loaf and pour a little water in the baking pan. Bake forty min- utes. Baste the loaf frequently with' tho juice In the pan. Serves eight persons. Thicken the sauce with butter, se8», son well and add the remainder of the mushrooms, which have been cooked separately, and pour around the loaf on a serving platter. Macaroni and Mushrooms Have prepared one-fourth pound ot cooked macaroni, drained. Melt ons tablespoonful ot butter and cook one- half cup or more of mushrooms, brok- en, and sprinkled with one teaspoon of lemon Juice. Cook gently for Are minutes and sprinkle over two tables spoons ot flour and sttr. Add one and one-fourth cups of milk and stir until the mixture bolls. Add two tablespoons of butter, salt and peppe? to taste; then add the macaroni and reheat over hot water. Turn into a hot serving dish, sprinkle with cheese and serve as soon as the oheese Is melted. Four servings. ' Mushrooms and Crabmeat This Is after the Spanish way ol ' serving this delicious dish. (It may be ' made In a chnflng dish.) Cook until • brown two tablespoons of butter with - one spoon of minced pepper (green â-  or red), one-half teaspoon of minced onion and one tablespoon of tomato catsup. To a cream sauce add the pepper mixture with half cup of crab- meat and the same amount of mush- rooms that have been cooked In but- ter. Four servings. Baked Mushrooms Peel, wash and drain mushroms. Place them In a buttered dish or bak- Ing pan. Season to tasto with salt ' pepper, lemon juice and minced pars. « ley. Cook In a moderate over fifteen ♦ minutes, basting occasionally with but- • ter; arrange on a hot serving dish and pour tho gravy over them. Servo with parsley cream sauce made as follows: * Scald one cup of thick cream, add ona tablespoon of minced parsley, two ' tablespoons of butter, a dash ot cayen- " ne pepper, salt to taste, one tablespoon • ot thick white sauce and two table- spoon of lemon Juice. Reheat over hot water. Four servings. Mushrooms and Oysters â-  . Peel the caps ot fresh mushrooms and saute In butter, then place In a small shallow pan buttered, cap side up. Place on each a large oyster, sprinkle with salt, pepper and bits of butter. Hold each oyster and mush- rooms together with a little wooden pick. Bake in a hot oven until the oysters are plump. Remove to small plates and around each pour Bechamel sauce. This Is made as follows: Cook ' one and onehalf cups of chicken stock ' with one slice each ot onion and car- • rot, a bit of bay leaf and parsley and , six peppercorns; cook twenty mlnutos. Strained, there should be one cup. . Melt one-fourth cup of butter, add one- fourth cup ot flour, Btlr until well blended and add the stock with salt. ' peprer and a dash ot cayenne pepper, Beat one egg yolk slightly, add to the ' saure with a tew drops of strong beet extrect. 4 • The spell ot One weather expert* < enced of late is due no doubt to th«>' fact that the majority of weather ex- perts are now away on their holidays. * I li So tar as I remember, nobody «roi asked whether the tMithing beat^tj couM iwlm. â€" ^Heary RurclfA