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•M«W«MWMPM«M<M mwmmmmM-^ ^â- .^^•-."•♦w WEDNESDAY, April 20th, 1927 THE FLESHERTON ADVANCE THE he took from the British merehanti n rnurnTAu > â- Â»Â»...«» I -"'-**^ '"''*""'' "^ "'"""' ""'' destroyed FLESHERTON ADVANCE "'"' This led U. the war. I win â-  •ikwiiB.itiwn nuwnnut [,n.„tc from Black Opium, a book by Published on Collinj^vood street, Flesherton, Wednesday of each week. Circulation over 1100, Price in Canada, |2.00 per year, when paid in advance |1.S0. In U.S.A. $2.60 per year, when paid in advance |2.00. >W. H. THURSTON, . Editor ( Advertisement.) Miss MacPhail To Her Critics Official Report, from Hansard Miss MacPhail: Since the letter I have vrritten to the school children in my constituency has been placed on Hansard and an attack made upon it, may I make a reference to it now? iWhether the hon. member for King- Bton (Mr. Ross) was in order or not, I have a ri);ht to reply to the attack made upon me and to make a ref- erence to the letter I wrote to my constituency. First, however, I de- sire to thank the hon. member for Frontenac (Mr. Fdwards) and the hon. member for Kingston for the courtesy they have extended to me in giving equal right.s in this House, t>ecause I desire that women have equal rights in regard to criticiim, I the Rev. Kric Lewis, B.A., published liy Marshall Broheri, Limited, Lon- j oon and Edinburgh. At page 21 they give thia story, which I have told in briefer form, and then they cite several great British authori- ties. Dr. Arnold said: "This was so wicked as to be a national sin of the greatest possible magnitude." Mr. Gladstone denounced it in these words: "A war more unjust in its origin, a war more calculated to cover this country with a permanent disgrace, I do not know and I have not read of. The British flag is hoisted to protect an infamous con- traband traffic; and if it was never hoisted except as it is now hoisted on the coast of China, we should recoil from its sight with horror." Those were strong words from Mr. Gladstone. Mr. Lewis goes on to say: "This, our first war with China, has been justly called 'the op- ium war,' for the opium traffic was the prime though not the only, cause." Let me give the committee one more authority. Sir R. Alcock, who was the British ambassador to Pekin soon after, was a witness before the House of Commons East India fin- ance committee in 1871, and in the report of that committee at page 283 I find these words credited to him: "We forced the Chinese government to enter into a treaty to allow their subjects to take opium." I think that about proves my point. But that was not the only war. There was a second and a third opium war. I am going to quote only one authority L equal rights in matters of abuse, as ., „ _ . _, ^ •well as equal rights in the best things | in regard to these, Lord Elgin. He in life. May I tell the House now ] conducted these wars, and of the how that letter came to be written? JWhen I came here in 1U21, fired with Zeal in the service of my constituen- cy, and finding that the wheels of justice turned very, very slowly â€" one second he wrote in his personal let- ters in very frank terms. Under date of December 22, 1857, I find the fol- h)win}<: "When we steamed up to Canton and saw the rich alluvial might say provokingly slowlyâ€" and ' banks covered with luxuriant eviden- seeking for some way to hulp my people, I thought of trying to in- form the children in school as to â- what went on in the Hou.se, and I VTote a .series of letters â€" I am not cure of the number, pos.sibly twelve or fourteen â€" discussing government matters and the form of government we have in Canada. Whether the letters were good or not i.s not for me to say, but normal schools in Ontar- io have ordered them by the hundred from that time to the present, and I have been asked by teachers to put them in book fm-m so that they might be used in the public .schools. After finishing that series of letters I did Mot do much in that line, in fact 1 did not write a letter till the last session or the session before last, and during r.iy campaign last year many teachers said to me: "If you are el- ected I hope you will write some let- ters again. We like them so much." I wrote one letter thia session pre- vious to the one under dispute â€" quite a lengthy letter, dealing with two subjects altogether unrelated, I told them about the new Governor General and his wife, how very much I liked them, the impression I received when I was entertained at Kideau Hall. If hon. members do not believe me I can quote from a letter from one of the achool children. I received dozens of them. The child .laid he was pleased to think my impression of the Gover- nor General was so good and he said: "I am glad the Governor General is 'a fine man and that you like him." I was patriotic in that one thing any- way. The letter proceeds: ''I hope the bill pa.ues about the soldiers' {farm lands, because is is much need- pd." Then he said he hoped I had a tfood time when I entertained some little girls at dinner which I had told about. I described my visit to the penitentiary. Unless I tell hon. mem- bers about the work I carry on in my constituency, it may seem odd to them that I should deal with such a thing as a birthday party, but I enjoy hearing of a birthday party. In the last letti-r I said that I had covered the form of government thoroughly, and there seemed to be BO little in connection with parlia- ment to talk alwut that I would be clad if they would suggest subjects me to write about. I got ten or twelve letters suggesting that I should tell them what I thouRht ab- out the ChlneHe war. I had not thought of it until it was siiKKestcd by letters that I received from my conratitueney. However, I must tell hon. momlxTs the whole thing, so that thoy will uriderHtan<l the mat- ter. I sent them n little piiern about two roosters having a fitfht and I HUggcstcd it wa< n very ^ood thing, if two people wanted U> fl^:ht, to let them fight it out and li't the rest of the people nlone. A little boy tuime<l John McMillan said. "I liked the poem, I thought it referred to the Chlneso trouble, and would like to know what you think of it." Thai is the reaion I wrote the letter. I have no npol<.(fy to make for tliat letter. There niriy be one or (wo in- nacurncloH in it in detail, but it is aubstantlally correct, as I done hon. members will realize shortly. The hon. member for Klii(fs(on does not want to call the war in 18.T.» and tSl'..' the Opium War. In the Kncy(li>|)eilin Brittanira, vohune fl. page 1!»0, It I* Indexed under the "Opium War." I want, however, to po Into it more fully. In 18.10 permi.tHion wnH t'iven by the Lieutenant Governor of In- dia to extend the cull i vat Ion of the poppv with n view to increaslnif the supply. ThU alarmed the Chinese emp*ror of that time. He knew It wan R irrowlnff evil in hl< count rj- and he ln«tnicle(1 rommIii*loni>r Mn ' > go from Peking early In 1RW to r iton, and hiR order* were to get rid of the opium evil. Mr. Lin did go there, .nnd foreign officials had been appointed , u » „• .v . r m,. .. u ,....• to collect cu.itoms duties to meet the «"°^«- ^^ controllmg the customs try. The chamber urges all firms interest due. The foreign comrauni- ^^^ controlled traie; they would not and factories to employ no children ties in the treaty ports established "''°^ "" increase ia that tariff. Fan- under twelve, to permit one day's reat â-  " " cy how the hon. n.jmber for Fronten- in seven, and to safeguard the health ac-Addington (Mr. Edwards) and the of the workers by limiting working hon. member fro.Ti Kingston (Mr. hours, improving sanitary conditions Ross) woul feel if the United States and installing safety devices for ma- controlled our c. stems tariff and chinery." would not allow u ; to raise it higher Then they quote from Doctor Sher- than five percent. In the Western wood Eddy, as follows: "There are Producer of January 27, 1927, which is at least fifty cotton mills around published by Harrij Turner, a return- Shanghai, and more are going up. ed veteran and a well known Cana- Thousands of chilren down to the dian who gave his sight in the service age of eight or nine are employed, of his country, an 1 who could scar- Little girls, eight or nine years of cely be called an': -British, appeared age were stonding between double the following article: ''The Boxer ro*s of whizzing unguarded mach- war ended with the occupation of inery, steadily but wearily feeding the Pekin by allied forces for a period of machines. One mite, perhaps eight one year and the extortion of enor- years of age, was curled in an ex- mous indemnities extended over forty hausted heap on the cement floor, years. The payment of the indemnity sound asleep. Over in a comer, un- was guaranteef* by the institution c«f a der a pile of waste, a tiny baby was kin, 1842. By it China had to pay ' '°"','^ contrrMed customs service; 'spending the night, whUe his mother 16,000,000 for the cost of the opium I f^'T'"* '""'^'^ ''e>n«r handed over to worked at a machine near by. . . In destroyed, $12,000,000 for the expense I f v*"n *^ ^"*â„¢*"*' I" »<!<'>*><>«' one small hospital there were one of the war, and 13,000,000 for debts I • , ^°^^^ i • iemnity, various for-, day this winter three children under due to English subjects, in addition ^ign loans h » been secured against ten years old. The arm of one had to 16,000,000 already paid for the '^"S^""? '^^' '-" ' ^e" canght in an unfenced machine ransom of Canton. Hong-Kong was ' * ."*'"•. ^â- ^'^'^ ^o' Kingston had and waa all but torn off. The leg of ceded to us for refitting ships, and ?*'**â„¢ I" ^ " *"* '"^"^ ^^ "*•'* **»*'^ another was smashed from hip to m my letter I stated that livingc con- ankle by the teeth of a machine. The ditions in thr actories were horrible, third, a little girl, had been caught On this po It I wish to quote at by the hair in her machine and her some length 'rom The Globe, even at scalp torn off. Not ene of these ac- the expense f wearying the Hoase; I cidents would have happened had the do not wear/ it very often. The Globe machines been fitted with safety de- ls now verv much interested in my vices. Most of the accidents happen in letter, and I want to recall the things the night shifts, between two and It Prmted m earlier days. The four in the morning. Such are the Globe of March 5, 1923, contains the terrible conditions in Chinese indus- following: "A hopeful sign in China try." is the demand of the Chinese Chamber Then The Globe continues: "At of Commerce in Shanghai for higher Chef oo. where 17,000 women are en- standards of human welfare in Indus- ' gaged in the hair-net industrv, the rights of extra-territoriality; they ad ministered the local government, had their own police, and established their own assessors in the law courts; af- ter 1912 the mixed courts became practically foreign institutions, even the Chinese representatives being ap- pointed by the foreign authorities. The Chinese had become in effect a subject race." It is said that at Shanghai, one of the treaty ports, there is a park at the entrance of which is displayed this sign: "Chinese and dogs not admit- ted." One can imagine how we would feel if before one of our parks we saw a notice warning us: "Cana- dians and dogs not admitted." The treaty that closed the first opi- um war was called the Treaty of Nan four additional ports were opened to trade. In the New Leader of Sept. 17, 1926, Bertrand Russell in an ar- ticle. The White Peril in China, says: "The extent to which China has been deprived of independence is not always realized. Let us illustrate it by an analogy. Suppose the Germans had won the war, and had compelled us to sign a treaty giving them the city of London, control of the rail- way from London to Harwich, the right to garrisons at Reading and Ox- ford as 'treaty ports,' the exclusive administration of the business quart- ers in Glasgow, Liverpool, Southamp- ton, with a score of other ports, and the right to determine import duties, collect the customs, and hand over the proceeds only to such govrrnments as they approved df, and i decide all disputes between Gerr -.ns and Brit- ish by German r- i.^s. This would represent fairl- .locurately the state of affairs ' ich Europe and Japan have ere' l.d in China. I think that even ; .j present cabinet and foreign off .â-  would be found among the pat- ^'ts if that were the condition of England." I am sure that even the member for Kingston (Mr. Ross) would be found amongst the patriots if that were the condition in Canada. In regard to the Boxer rebellion, it is said I should have guarded my- , self by saying that it was really a i civil war, rather than a rebellion. wage is six cents for a ten hoar day. In the forty pongee silk factories in the same city 26,000 men and boys work a thirteen-hour day for the same amount. Only Christian em- ployers close their mills on Sunday. At Tientsin 51,000 boys in the weav- ing factories work an eighteen-hoor day, from 5 a.m. to H p.m., the ma- jority receiving no pay but their food. In the match-making industry in the city, eighty little workers must go to the hospital each day to be treat- ed for the effects of cheap phosphor- us and sulphur on the Innga and eyes. Better chemicals would prevent this, but profits would not be so great. "It ia difficult to believe that a century ago, in the first «tage of the industrial revolution, conditions in Great Britain were little better than in China today. There are few more poignant chapters in historv that the victimization of British children by the rise of the abases graduaUy ab- olished by the public conscience and the growing power of labor organ- ization, but such forces are still weak in China. The chief hope for the present generation of Chhiese workers will come through international effort. The movement set on foot by the Leagnie of Nations for equallizing, so far as possible, labor standards thro- ughout the world , has borne fruit already in Japan and India, though the state of things in these countries is still deplorable: It is in the inter- est of all nations that indistry in no nation should be built on sweated la- bour. Economic and humanitarian reasons join in demanding the protec- tion of the oriental laborers against the application of western industrial- ^ (Concluded on Last Page.) ces of unrivalled industry and natur al fertility, I thought bitterly of those who for the most selfish objects are trampling underfoot this ancient civilization." On Dec. f»th he wrote: "Nothing could be more contemptible than the origin of our existing quarrel. . . I have hardly alluded in my ultima* â-  i to that wretched question of tV^ Ar- row' which is a scandal to n: , and is so considered by all, excc;.t the few who are personally cnr.i)romised." On Dec. 2,'>th h-> wrote: "Canton doomed to dp.-!t;-iiction, through the folly of its own rulers, and the van- ity and levity of ours." On August 30 he wrote: "This ah- i ']"* could it be a civil war with for ominable East; abominable not so^'K" powers backing one faction and; niuch in itsself, as because it ia ! •^.^"'^''"K very heavy indemnities from ) strewn all over with the record of our violence and fraud." And under date of November he wrote: "In our relations with China we have acted scandalously." An hon. MEMBER: That will hold them. Mi.ss MACPHAIL: I hope so. I am (|Uoting now from the Now Leader of .January 25, 1927. Speaking of this ui)ium evil, it says: "The foreigners are entrenched in the treaty ports where they live under the protection of a sy.stcm of injustice euphemistic- ally termed extra-territoriality." That quotation refers to the close of the opium war, which was term- inated by several treatie.s. These treaties opened up what are now known as treaty ports. Po.ssibly it is worth pausing to say that the same treaties that legalized the sale of op- ium gave privileges for the 'propa- gation and practise of Christianity.' Mr. ROSS (Kingston): May I ask the hon. member in what part of the treaty can she find the word opium ? Miss MACPHAIL: I am not quot- ing from the treaty. I can quite un- derstand that the people who were in- strumental in bringing about the war would keep the word out of the treaty. That would not be hard for them to do. Mr. ROSS (Kingston): If that was the whole subject matter of the trea- ty would not opium bo mentioned therein ? Miss MACPHAIL: It was not the whole subject, but it was the prime reason for the war. I am sure it must cause everyone who believes in Christianity to blush with shanio to think that the same treaty dealt with these two things: legalizing the opium traffic and the teaching of christian doetrines. Mr. ROSS (Kingston): Will the lion, member mention the clause in the treaty which legallizod the op- ium traffic? Miss MACPHAIL: All the author- ities on the (|uestion a^ree that the treaty legiilized the opium traffic. I have not the treaty under my hand. Mr. ROSS (Kingston): Mr. Chair- man, I wiuild insist Some hon. MEMBERS: OrderT~ Mr. ROSS (KiuKston): I would ask the hon. nieml)(>r to road the treaty clause dealing with opium. Some hon. MKMIIKUS: Ordr. Ml«.< MACl'llAIL: 1 am not quot- ing from the treaty, I am quoting subject of letrali/.ing tlii< sale of op- ium in China, As I staled a moment ak'o, the teaching of chri.stianlty and the iinle of opium were included in the Mxiui- Irentv, Rev. Mr. Lewis, au- thor of Hbu'K Opium. <|Uote,< froni of- ficial documents. I wish to quote for a moment from British Imprial- Isin in Chiiui a small vohuue puMish- 'd ImhI yoiir by the Labour Ke.iearch Meparlment. It ran be procured nt 102 Buckingham Palace Uomi, London. An hon. MEMBER; A good nmd. Ml.s MACI'MAIL: Yes. it sounds patriotic. It says: ''Throuuh the indemnitle.i Imposed upon China for hor feeble resistance to these attacks, ( a load of debt had brn Impi sed, and the section whose army was defeat ed? I cannot see why we should call it a civil war. It is as true to say that crossing sacred ground with railways aroused the Chinese populace to anger as to iiay that the Boston tea party was the cause at the American revolutionary war, or that the greas- ing of bullets with cows' fat was the cause of the Indian mutiny, or that .â- davery was the real cause of the Civ- il war. There is no doubt that the Chinese were ignorant and that they <lid not understand the real causes of the war, but I may say to this House that the people of any country never understand the real causes of a war while that war is proceeding. There was a huge indemnity exacted from China after the Boxer rebellion, am- i ounting to 67 million pounds. Mr. YOUNG (Weyburn): Will the hon. member permit a question? In the opinion of the hon. member, would these indignities have been heaped upon China if she had been in a po- sition to defend herself? Miss MACPHAIL: No, I do not think so. But I think that if Great Britain had been as anxious about her I Christianity as she was about her op- ium,â€" not al-â€" 1 of Great Britain, but I the ruling factionâ€" China would not have had to defend hersch* while try- ing to get rid of something harmful to her own people. Who gave us the right to trot around the world set- tling the difficulties and quarrels, or imaginary difficulties, of the different countries? I have often wondered about that. 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