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P V WU .J»Ji Wff^Si' J USE 3F INFLAMMABLE GAS IN CANADA P 9 1 '* i^ • Inflammable fas was first experl- BMntally p oduced from coal in 1739, bat it was not until 1797 that its practical value as an illuminant was demonstrated*; in 1812 it was first used to lip:ht Westminster Bridge in tindon. Its practical utility in solv-^ g one of the problems of the world's j greatest centre of population led to' Its rapid adoption and, by 1815, the company operating in Ix)ndon had tluree plants anQ 16 miles of mains. Pirla was similarly lighted in 1820, and in 18?1 gas was first used for street lightinff on this continent In the city of Baltimore. In 1822 It was used in Boston, and in 1823 in New York. j There is little need to dwell on the' displacement of gas aa the most pop-! nlar illuminant by the flexible and convenient electricity. But for heat and for the purpose of domestic cooking, except In limited areas where "white coal" is particularly cheap, ga? continues to be the mosti popular fuel wherever it Is available. And in those areas of Canada where natural gas is obtainable, its low cost as compared- with either coal or with artificial gas, and its great conveni- ence, has led to its general use not only for domestic cooking, but for bouse and block heating and for in- ' dustrial purposes. ' CANADA SECOND HEAVIEST CONSUMEa. To-day Canada ranks second in the Ilet of countries enjoying the luxur- ies of gas, being exceeded only by the United States, and this despite the fact that Canadians are probably the heaviest per capita consumirs of elec- 1 trical energy among all the nations j of the world. | In Canada, the Provinces of New Brunswick, Ontario and Alberta have â- upplies of natural gas in commer- , Clal quantities, and in six provinces, ' Mova Scotia, New Brunswick, Que- bec, Ontario, Manitoba and British Columbia, manufactured gas is sold. Alberta, in 1925, had 86 producing gas wells, and in that year for the first time superseded Ontario aa the leading producer of natural g:as. The Alberta production amounted to 9,- ' 119,500 thousand cubic feet; Ontario's production was 7,143,962 thousand cubic feet; New Brunswick's output Was recorded at 639,235 thousand cu-S bic feet. Total production of natural gas in Canada during 1925 was 16,- [ 902,897 thousand cubic feet, valued! at $6,333,005. The production of arti- i flcial gas totalled 26,651,684 thou- 1 •and cubic feet, but of this amount' only 13,507,487 thousand cubic feet were made at the various gas plants for sale to the public. The total sell- ing value of gas-hoiise products was $16,859,130, including nearly five mil- lions In by-products. HIGH HEAT CONTENT IN NATIIRAI, CAS. It la sig^nificent to note that the production of this cheap natural fuel exceeded by over one-quarter the sales of monufactured gas; and, as pointed out by the Natural Resources Intelligence Service, were the g^reater number of heat units in natural gas to be taken into account, tho dispar- ity in figures would be even more I striking. Natural gas contains, rough- |ly, 1,000 heat units (British Thermal , Units) per cubic foot, as compared â-  with from 4O0 to 600 for artificial gas. Manufactured gas, on the other hand, was made available to a greater number of people, as the population of cities supplied totalled slightly ; over two million. I Comparison of statistics for 1925 , brings to light the interesting fact that the capital Invested in the nat- ural gas industry in Canada is greater than the entire capital in- vested in the "manufactured" illum- inating and fuel gas industry, in which class is included not only man- ufactured coal and water gas, but acetylene gas and Pintsch oil gas. The 161 operating firms in the nat- ural gas Industry had an invested capital of $48,894,802 and 1,059 em- ploj'es. The 44 artificial gas plants represented a capital Investment of $46,129,651 and gave employment to 3,804 persons. VALUE OF OAS IN TERM3 OP COAL. In Ontario, where coal has to be brought long distances and mostly 1 imported from the United States, it' la of interest to note that the Ontario ' Department of Mines, in its annual report on the natural gas industry for 1923, has worked out tho value to ; the province of this resource in terms of coal. It finds that, neglecting the i cost to municipalities of hauling' away ashes, it would have cost $14,- ] 432,432 to replace natural gas which! sold for $4,066,224. It would have' been necessary to import 400,361 tons of coal worth $3,003,410 wholesale,' for use direct and in manufacturing gas. It continues the comparison further, taking into account the pro-i duction of petroleum in the gas fields of Ontario, the loss to municipalities , in taxes, etc., and finds that substi- i tute fuels would have- cost 3*4 times aa much as natural gas in 1923. Adventure. Tbena is no iMYwnlae to tlie sailor uad« That he sliaH reach the port across the sea; lliat never otmrm shall oialse his heart afraid. He venture* out to I'aoe what«'«r may l>a. Tlie warrior baJt-os Lho Held In times of Btresa And does not questlou shall h« live or <Ue, Nor Ehall lie uult with (aUure or attc- oess, It ie eiiyousu. tho chance is bis to try. iPOSSIBlLniES OF I MAPLE INDUSTRY Indicated by Improvements in Production Methods and Elxtension of Area. - Mrs. Jear. Muldrew Dli-octor, Homo Braucli, Soldier Setlle- meut Board, friend. advUitr aad helper to newly arrived British tamilies set- tling in Canada. As Quebec Sees It. La Pretwe (Ind.); To produce thq. good offect.'j tor wJiich wo hope and which mien in authority like Lord Will- Ingdon, tlu! Govemoir-Generai. Sir Arthur Ciirrio, Mr. BeaWy and others, declare to be neoesaary, billnguallsm sliould exbend all over Canada and to all It« activities, without which there can be no lasting resaidts. Our Eug- ilah-speaklng fellow-citizens are them- ] selves aware of this, for they are every day taking greateir pains to learn and sipeak French. i _ .> ^ j Cleaning Leather Furniture. ! Leather furniture should be cleanAd i with milk applied with a soflt cloth. ! Rub Ugihtly so that the surface of the ioatheir wllil not be cracked in tho pro- cess. I When OiB leatihor Is old and shabby [ U96 this metliod: Boil a pint of llnaoed oil and let It stand uatil nearly coid. Stir Into this half a pint of vinegar. When mixed, place In a bottle until r©-; quilled. Shake the contents before using. Then with a aoflt cloth thor- oughly nib a smaiU quantity into the leather. As the oloth gets dirty turn tx) a clean place. Then rub wltli a soft cloth until the polish is restored. A light application of vaseline, rubbed iu tlioroughly and firmly, la also good, i Charles L. Burton Recently etected president of the On- tario .Motor League. Red Cross Outposts Do Signal Service to Settlers. That in the past year in the thirty- seven Red Cross Outpost Hospitals, scattered through Northern Ontario, New Brunswick, Manitoba, Sas- katchewan and Alberta, and operat- ing in 1926, 6,820 people were cared for by the Red Cross nurses; that; Little children often construct there were 1,010 operations, of which what amounts to a new language in 284 were major operations ; that 515 ; their first efforts to articulate. About children were born in the outposts; one such tongue a writer discusses that 178 childen were visited by the pigagg^tly ; outpost nurses, where 4,341 children : They call her the llUle Eskimoâ€" of And so with life! We ore not pro- mised here A joyous journey, ti'oo from grief or pain. It Por a time our skies are bright and clear Soon wo must bear t'\e agony of rain. - To this adventure faith must hold, tia fast: As goes C sailor bravely out to 6>ea Not knowing when ehaJl come the tempest's blast. So wo set forth to face wliate'or may be.. â€"Edgar A. Guegt. ,> ^ Baby Language. MAPLE SAP PRODUCTS HISTORIC BACK- GROUND. A Plant That Kills Flies. The British Medical Journal coa- A Secret of the Road. , , , , A broad highroad runs down into te^na a desoription of the aocidental ^jj^ ^^Uey and on again, straight and discovery of a natural fly-killer, which l^j^^^ ^„j ^^^^^^^ ^^^ing a wave of 1« worthy the attention of shopkeepers t^^ffi, f,„^ country and suburbs to town,- by bus and car and wagon. The ; whir of wheels and painting of motors seldom ceases from earliest dawn al- most to daylight again, a cycle of im- portant urgent sounds. A fine, well- flagged sidewalk Ixjrders the big road .. , ^, , J .. i before very modern houses, each with through the open window tat as soonj.t3 parage, a reminding p^-oof of the •.ltwa.depoeltedJnlt»placeaeaieel ^^^ ^^^ f^lt „eees,ity for spin-, dlsepnearod a« if by enchantment^ ! ^^ ^j„ '.^mewhere at the highest On oxam,lna*ion they were found un- â-  ^ permissible. So little walking d« «.e castor oil plant or chngin* to ^^ „„dertaken on this way, that the tte under soirface of its leav«,, per- broad pavements are practically! »ctly dead. The l^eflve*, w© undeT^:„^„+„ „„,, „ .„ „,.- , ^ . ...''' _i„_^ „. _ . ij 1 1, empty and a beautiful secret of the â- taod', give ouit an eesentml oil or ^'j ,• ,,„„„it • „„j t, , i__i„ ' . , , ,, . ^. road is usually missed. The houses. toxic principle which poHsesees the' ,„,„ f„ „„"'„,. x .. ,. â-  . ^-„.., . („,â„¢*.^ • I-.- , cea.so for a space just as it dips into the valley and, for quite a distance, I soft green uplands sweep up on the! hot weather to one of the plague* of Egypt, and. Indeed, of iiouae dwellera jemierally. '' A oas'tor oil pJant wa» placed acci- dentally In a room &•9^'a.^minff wlh ftles, which, of ooursie, came jn in hundreds were examined; and that 3,300 homes were visited to givo nursing care or to offer advice â€" are facts put forward in a statement recently issued from Red Cross Headquarters in Toronto. One of the most interesting features of this report is that it is shown that 743 mothers, who must other- wise have gone without expert care when their babies were bom, were ca.red for in the outposts or by tho nurses in homes, and that the death rate among both mothers and their infants was at a minimum. Since these figures were sent in, two more outposts have come into existence in outlying sections of Northern On- tario and tho Red Cross is making every effort to expand this useful service in pioneering districts to meet the ever-increasing needs of remote settlers in all parts of the Dominion. An additional report from the Ca- nadian Red Cross shows that since the year 1924, 808 classes In Home Nursing have been organized in all provinces, at which 10,000 women and girls have taken instruction and that 2,300 are now taking Home Nursing in the 305 new classes organized in the year 1926. course she Isn't one â€" -because her talk sounds like Eskimo. Anyhow, she has given us a delightful lesson in her own language. She looked up at th^ moon and exclaimed : "Moo! Moo I Moo! Da-da, da-da moot Yo-lo. No-no moo! Da-da, da- da 1 Baby no! Daw-dawn, daw-dawn." Literally, "Moon! Moon! Moon! Big, big moon! Yellow. Another moon. Big, big! Little mown no. All gone, all gone." Which, being still further in- terpreted, is, "Oh, see the big yellow moon. It's another moon. The little moon isn't there any more. It's all gone." And tho explanation: She first saw the moon on Sunday, November 7, her second birthday, as a crescent low in the west. Monday, November 15, she discovered it in its enlarged edition, in the south. Hence, "Another moon, a big moon," pointing to it, while the •'little moon" which she had seen in another part of the sky was now "all gone." Far From Famous. "She's not a famous aotrffsi.s, you say?" "Well, I've nevor heard of any manu- factur-M- asking her to Indorse his pow- der or soivp." A Chinese View. j Slnguiiore Free Pre6»: It our West-' one side, while on the other a charm- \ng little, narrow valley between two •m clvlllzaitlon and Ideale are true hills carries one away, with no pre- they niusit stand the teat of general, if r.oi d<^talled, app'icjUlon to aill peoples, lor whllmt there ore many particular* in which Woetern theories do not ap' liminary signs or inducements, straight from the unleisured, vocifer- ous prose of tho road to tho sweet poetry of quiet, unplanned remoteness. pear bewt suited^ to Eaatem tempera, , by means of a tiny path, that runs off m«nt». wo m.U8t hoM that the prin- ; ^ith shy abruptness from the very olples are sound for the world at large â-  flagstone.^ and disappears in a hurry at edse we can c-Saim no right but that I , ^und a bend of tho hill. This path of pure fo»«e for the spread of our in- j^ possibly not more than three hand- *uencc over the world. If, t<herofor, breadths wide and hides itself so soon, Ohlms rteing generation is taught ' that from the conventional sidewalk those iirindpks', how can we eixpect (bat it wlM not apply ttiem when It re- turns, to i!« own country. I _, -J , .^ .. ,M1 ,^ I One side of it tho hill curves up An Indian View, ' "^^^^'^ ^° '"***' ^^^ ^^^' ^'''"«*"' "" it l\»s un alluring runaway charm, quite irresistible. Calcuitta i'^rwiard (Nationalist): In- dian (loops and rosouroes are being «ploit^d in order that Britain can re- tain llil-gottea gains and In oirder lo prevent China from iLgbtiIng white Imperialism on behalf of tho Aslatio count rico. ♦ Reciprocated. Clerk â€" "Thank you, madam; oaU again." Dear Old Lady- -"Yes, and yo4i piust cotfie and so© us," Ready to Eat. Sweeb Young Thingâ€" "Why are you running that steam-rolter thing over that fiold?" Parmer^"! 'm going to grow mashed potatoes this year." Let's Bum Our Own. Winnipeg Tribmie (Ind. Con.) : It ia reasonable to believe that with the low | temperature carbonization pi-oces'S, oil I could be pi-oduceil from Cana<11ar. coal | at the plthe<.d8 in Alberta, or Iu Nova .Scotia, for sale in the homo market or for erpoort, leaving a reskhie which would bo a low-priced smokeless fuel suitalUo Cor both domestic aud Indus- trial purposes. How imich longer niiist Canada suffer at tho hands of the United States coal harous Ijefore the Government can be Induced to take de- finite action? How much longer can the Canadian coal Industry afford to be behind modern progi-ees? Making It Plain. "I asked her what her atldnvss was I and she didn't seem to undor.<Hand." I "She's a washwoman, man, ask her where .silia Iiang.s out." Reasonabls Reduction. Teacher â€" "Is it cooler or warmer in the ni'CMintaiua, and wliy?" Bright Pupil â€" "Warmer, please, ma'am, on acoonnt of the ranges." -♦ Unanimous. . Teacher â€""Wlio Is the King of Ita.ly?" Johnnie â€" "I don't know, either, teacli- er." Truthâ€" â€" Can bo silenced and suppressed, but never killed. â€" Can be dolayod, but naver perman- ently side-tracked. â-  â€" May ho uncomfortable, but it Is never as dangerous aa a lie. â€"May lie stubborn, but it does not have to change its story. â€" Is never afraid of time. â€" Is always our best dofonce. â€" Will never hesitate at an investi- gation. ADAMSON'S ADVENTURESâ€" By O. Jacobsson. Any Old Room Would Do. He -"Ho you think peopte bhou'.d Bake use of luush rooms '!" She- "Oh, I don't, thiniv apeclal RMiiS' are aeWtd for that." -* A Cure for Glanders. The Greeks andi Turks used the aeed «< tlh'O honse oiieetnuts itor curlnir gkodcrs and otiier allmients of horsea; kenoe the name. Uncle Sam's Aaphalt. Kencoiky Is the chief souroe of oa- tlra u£iphalt In the United Sts.t»i.. the way with soft, purple-brown win ter hedgerows and dotted by rounded I bo:j£e3 of blackberry bramble. The i grass just now is of that peculiarly dazzling fresh green which it wears directly it is freed from snow and .carries the strong forehint of spring i I with its odors and moistness, while i here and there a rich, red loam glows opulently through the short, sparse pile. A few tall, ragged elm.s mark tha windings of the tiny path through the valley. On the hedges, morning and evening, the "wise thrush" fills the air with his "fine, careless rapture," lead- ing soloist to a chorus of minor song- sters and rising triumphantly and easily above every opposing sound. But beyond the first bend of the path, srf far, it remains by choice an unexplored sweet mystery, to be on- Joyed from the correct sidewalk and as holding in itself a reserve of easily attainable freedom and quietness that gives, to put it very prosily, tho same sense of richness, that n large encash- ed cheque might 'do, that can be real- ized at any time. Much of pleasure comes from the feeling that "a man's reach is beyond] his grasp"â€" so that short stretch of path w^orn only by the straying, un- conventional tread, holds a satisfac- tion. "Tho best is yot to be." A spider's poison supply is secreted j in glands iu Its head. | Many and varied are tha beneflta which forests confer on mankind, and nowhere is this more evident than in Canada. In addition to their benefi- cial effect on stream-flow, climate, and soil conservation, immense industries have grown up around the exploita- tion and utilization of their products. Of the many forest industries of Canada, large and small, non% has so deep a historical backgi'ound aa the making of maple sap products. Maplo syrup was made by the Indians befors the advent of the white man and it was from the aborigines that our earliest settlers gained their knowl- edge of this art. Methods of garner- ing the annual harvest of sap have changed greatly since those early times. The rough-hewn spouts and troughs of wood have been replaced by implements of metal, while the open kettle has given way to the mod- ern evaporating pan with its corru- gated bottom and separate compart- ments. In the delivery of sap to tha sugar-house in the modem plants ad- vantage ia taken of the law of gravl-j' tation where conditions permit. If the maple grove is located on the side of a hill or slight elovatlon, a» la very often the case, a temporary system of metal pipes is erected and the sap is carried by these down to tho collecting tanks at tho sugar-house. In this way the labor of collecting the sap is con- siderably reduced. At the close of tha sugaring season the pipes are care- fully stored in the sugar-house. QUEBEC LEADS. In the St. Lawrence Valley area o£ Ontario and Quebec and in the Mari- time Provinces where the practice of s-iiEur making i» in vogue, It holds a place of prominence seldom realized, in other parts of the Dominion. For, many years tho annual production of syrup and sugar in Canada has not varied greatly except as altered by the climatic conditions of each season! which affect the "run" of sap. Mea-I sured in sugar the amount prodpcedi ranges froro 15,000,000 to 2.5,OO0,0OOJ poiinds per year, with an average of, about 18,000,000 pounds. The major] part of the production comes from; the Province of Quebec where th«^' census figures give the number ofl trees tapped in an average year aai 1,760,000 as against 1,(100,000 in On^ tario, and approximately 150,000 ir^ the Maritime Provinces. Onsus fig- ures show that soma 50,000 owners of woodlots in Eastern Canada are en- gaged in this industry, and last year's crop, according to the Dominion Bur- eau ot Statistics, was 7,137,803 pounds of sugar and 1,740,570 gallons of syrup, with a total value of $4,-' 89H,375. Considering tho total yield as sugar and using tho convertingj factor of ten pounds of sugar to onai gallon of syrup, the output of Can-' ada's maplo groves reached 24,608,008! pounds of maplo sugar in 1926. It has been pointed ouit by authorlJ ties on the subject that Canada is aa yet making only from one-quarter to one-half of the maple sugar that might bo produced In this country. In addition to the maple groves and{ woodlots in tho mora settled farming! districts, there are available for fu- ture uae In provincial forests in Eastern Canada vast numbers of un-- tapped maple trees awaiting th« sugar-maker; and already, under al system of permits, enterprising sugar-4 makers are beginning operations in.' tho Crown forests of Quebec. HIXTY MILLION TREES. Tho Pominion Forest Service estl-^ mat^s t'i;\t the total stand of sugar, maple ;ti I'^astern Canada Is approxi'.J mately 5,800,448,000 board feet, or In, round numbers, according to the usualj conversion factor, about 60,000,0001 trees. Canadian records show thatj each tree tapped yields on tho average, two and a half pounds of sugar an- nually. Calculating that at leaat one-' third of the maple tree t^tand is oasilyj available for tapping puriwses, it is- seen (hat a jiossiblo total yield of 50,- 000,000 pounds per year is a reason- able assumption. Tho other two-thirds of our maple trees may thus be re- garded as a reserve for further ex- pansion in future years. The making of maple sugar is on«, of the minor forest operations, yet th« fact that it fits In well with other^ farm work, by occupying a alack uot^ son and by liringing in the first crop-, money of the year, oommends it to farmers in suitable districts, while, the steadily Increasing demand for^ pure maple sugar, the improvements and the reduction of costs in produc- tion methods, and tho movement under way to extend the area of op- erationa all point to the possibiHtlea of the industry. <• My Measuring Hoe. The "nieastiring stick" has a way of always being at the wrong end of fJio row. We paint the mea^nr* marl« on tha hoe handle. Three tMt is as long as ordinarily needed and tho inohet may be marked on rt-e flrirt two feet- Mrs. H. R, 8.