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THE PRESERVATION OF FOOD Some Interesting Facts for the Housewife. Food spoils because gornis grow in â€" except the disease producing kind It. To prevent this growth of germs {that are very harmful. we put food to be preserved through! This does not apply to foods high a process that will kill the germs I in acid content becauiie bacteria will whicli spoil food. | not grow in the presence of much acid Fruits and vegetables should be: and are more easily Killed in acid canned as soon as pocsible after they foods are picked. One of the causes of spoil- age is letting them stand f«r several hours in a warm place, in bags or in covered containers. This is especially true of berries, cherries, peaches and other fruits. It is best to can a few jars at a time. When a large canning is done, it is almost impossible to work so fast that some of the food does not have to stand for a long timo. Conditions may then arise which are suitable for the growth of these germs which later spoil the food. We find these to be due to several causes â€" some harmless to humans, some harmful. The harmless spoilage ({omes from molds and yeasts. Food often and readily becomes moldy. In some cases, the food is completely spoiled; in others, the de- composition is not enough to make the food useless. These molds are float- ing in the air all tho time, and are present on the surface of all fresh foods. They will sprout when condi- tions are favorableJ THE YEAST 0EGVNISM3. When fruit juice stands for a few days, it begins to sour and ferment The sugar changes to alcohol and car- The Home is the Workshop Where Haiuts Form Character. "Habit" is such a common, every- , formation of habits into the persoi day sort of term that it hardly seems he will be in adult life, necessary to discuss it at aii. It is In ! .^11 these tendencies toward think'' the very fact that habits are so com- ing and acting in certain ways, which monplaca that the fundamental im-' are called habitual, are the outgrowth portance of forming right habits in of training and experience. They are early lift is minimizu<l or overlooked ' not inherited. We begin to form hab- altogether. j its at birth and go on through life „ . . ^, . ^ . ii 1 I ' forming them quickly and easily in Such IS the g,st of an ar Icle by ^^,, «^^ more .lowly and with difft- Dr.D.A.Thom d.rec-lorofhab.tc.In- >^, ^^ ^^^ years advance. The .cs in Boston Dr. Thorn says that the ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ .^ _.^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ health, happiness and efficiency of the ^^^^ ^^ .^ indulged in. the more last- adult man and woman depend, to a . ^j^^ ,j^j^j, becomes. Since habit very large extent. ..... the type of . ,^^^^^,^^ ^ .^^^ ^^^^,^, ^j .^ ^^^ habits thi-y acquir. n-om their train- ^ ^^ ,^^^ constant throughout life, it la mg and experience during early life. : ^, ^^^^ importance that emphasis be Habit is the tendency to repeat placed on the establishment of desir- what has been done before. One de- ; able habits. velops not only habit.s of acting, but .\ young child has certain character- habits of thinking and feeling. Habits Istics that make the acciuiring of nevr in regard to the care of the body â€" habits easy. For one thing, he ia eating, sleeping, eliminating, bathing suggestible; that ia, he accepts with- I â€" are easily formed and- vitally affect out reasoning about it anything which . â€" . •* I health. Our manners are a collection comes from a person he looks up to. This group may r-iadily be steril- , Th** Care of Milk in the Home I bottles have been exposed to much of habits ; we do a rude or a courteous "My father said so." or "My mother izedby heating in can; or jars in boil-' ~ I handling and to du.st during deliverv thing almost without stopping to did it," makes a thing absolutaly right injr water for one hour on each of •^^'"' ^^ould alway.i be kapt clean,! that it is wi.«j to rinse the mouth of thiak. If we did net iear.i the mus- for a httlo child, three successive days j covered and coo!. These thi-ee points j the bottle befjre niiik is poured. After' =;u'nr movements which become' Again, a child naturally tends to THE POISONOUS B.ACTERIA. Bacteria in canned vegetables may form extremely poisonous compounds. Some of these cause food poisoning and botulism. It is therefore necessary that such foods be carefully selected and packed, and thoroughly sterilized so that all! germs are killed, ajid poisoning will! not occur \ The temperature necebf ary for such ' sterilization depends primarily on the' germs to be destroyed as well as on • the composition of the food. Foods a tribute to the late Rt. Hon. William V. Ma.ssey, prime minister of .New high in acid are easily sterilized; those Zealand, was the great niu^s of beautiful floral wi-eatha pyraniido<I over his low in acid are difficult to sterilize, g^^ve. be vegetables of low acidity, such as , ' peas, corn, pumpkins urd beans. THE HABITS OF CHILDREN ing, have fiffect'"^ ^he^hraT" "' "; it cannot be e.xpected to remain sv/eet| Whera ice is not available during' tion is important, just put your right k'n<i <>' models they want to have These will be very tender and wiir ^"<^ ^*^« » ^'^^ ^^""^^ '^ ^^ ''^ ^s""^! the summer, milk should bo kept in' hand in a sling for one day and then copied. Furthermore, a child wants to be easily killed when the .second heat- ' ''*^-"'^y handled in the home. | the coolest place in the house during' try to do with your loft hand all the Pl«aso tho.se he loves and wants to ing takes place. The third heating In most towns and cities, milk may hot weather. It will keep .sw4et long-' ordinary thingsâ€" such as writing, ^love them .say so. will kill all the spores left from the ^ purchased in bottles. This is the! est in a covered vessel resting in a' counting moneyâ€" that your right hand! â- '^^ ^^^^^ '' '« <>"•>' father or mother bonic acid gas This change is caused second heating. i ''^^'^ ^^^ °^ buying it. The dairyman [ .shallow pan of cold water and covered, has been in the habit of doing j o"" someone ui the immediate family by another group of organisms known! Food should not be packed too close-' "^^^ ^^^ttles his products should be by a clean cotton cloth who:«j edges! „„„„„„ ... ..„,„ ,„,„ ! r'^f" «<^^ °P'"'0" ^^^ wants. Then as veasts. They are present every- ly when it i.. to be sterilized in the hot «"°«"'-ag^d by the u.se of his milk, hang down into the wsrer. Thi., keeps' *""-*â„¢ "" "'''"'^ ''"^^- j " "f ^^e kindergarten or school where, and grow in and spoil sugary water bath. The cans should be so ?*"f 'â- onditions bein^r equal. Milk, the cloth wet and promotes evapora-j The morals of most cf us, our atti-, teacher. Finally, at 9 or 10, the prabe liquids, crushed fruits and jellies that' packed that when the hot water ia; m bottles is more easily kept clean^tion which helps to keep the milk, tude toward drinking, the taking of or blame of his playmates or of the do not have sufficient sugar, as in added, it wiU penetrate and circulate' ^"'^,'^°?' ^jiring delivery and is more cool. , others' property, or the problem of gang leader concerns him more than 1 .«.,=,!.. i,„_.j!„j .„ iu. u These are a few suggestions on ^^^x, as well as toward other people, anything else. When this stage is caring for milk in your liome. They, whether sincere or dfctitful, friendly cached, parents should not be dis- products containing frorr one to sixty- among the contents. If the vegetables ^^^^^ handled in the home. five per cent, sugar. are too tightly packed, the heat may More sugar than 6.'> per cent, pre- not get to the centre of the jar and vents their growth. This is the rea-j destroy the organisms there, son for syrups, jellies, candies andi Use hot water in filling the cans. PASTEUKIZAnON. marmalado not spoiling readily, since. The hotter the contents when it goes stroy such germs is by pasteurization.' •'l"k is the best single food â€" but it Milk may carry the -crms of tuber- ^h""''^ interest e%-eryone, and they or antagonistic, are, to .i large extent, heartened and think that their boy is culosis, diphtheria, typhoid and scar-'wiH help your milk dealer to supply; the result of habits of thinking, form- dove oping into a black sheep. It is let fevers. The simplest way to de-' Sood milk for home use into the sterilizer, th.^ q-.iicker v/ill the This is simply a scientific parboiling.' '^'l"''"es care in the home.â€" R. G material heat through. I In modern community milk supplies 1 When the cans are removed from pasteurization is 'always employed the sterilizer, they should be closed j and is a sanitary safeguard that immediately to prevent entrance of. should never be neglected where the air. Turn upside down to detect health of a community is valued, leakage. When they have been wash-) If milk is not efficiently pasteur- ed and labeled, store in a cool, dark ized at the dairy, the hou.<?f'wife can The spoiling of jars or cans of fruit j place to preserve the color. and should do it herself with a sauce- usually means imperfect sealing andi Remember, the reason for all this pan or double boiler and a dairy ther- 1 leaky containers into which yeasts or! fuss in canning is to be sure that theimometer. The milk is heated to a molds enter after sterilization. As foods are free from all germs that will temperaturs of 145 degrees Fahren they contain enough su^rar to prevent molding or fermentation. Leaky jars become infected with yeast cells from the air, and the house- wife think.s the less is caused by the entrance of air. It is in reality caused by yeast cells coming in with the air. Air alone will not cause souring. the jars or can.-; cool after steriliza tion, the contents contract forming a vacuum through which air with mold and yeast cells i.s drav.'n if the con- tainer ha.s a small leak. Yeasts and molds are relatively harmless and are killed by the tem- perature of boiling wntor. Bacteria, which are our third ,Troup of germs that spoil food, are even less resistant spoil tha fo,>d after the cover is clamp-' heit .ind held at this temperature for' ed on the jar and put away for win- 1 thirty minutes but not boiled. The ter consumption. Care in steriliza- 1 milk should then be chilled and kept tion, from pick of the things to be | cool until consumed. Pa.steurized milk canned through the steps of heating! is just a.s reliable, just as nutritious, and packing; will assi'te foods that and much more safe than raw milk.' will keep their flavor, color and body There is no more objection to the pro- for years. | cess than there is to the cooking of Carlessnes.s means spoiled food meat. - j that causes waste and possible illness.' Where milk must be purchassd in â-  ' â€" â€" bulk, not in bottles, it should be meas- , ,-•' SiduaueJ^Sma \ ured into one coupon good for five cents in the "'â- *^° '"â„¢ '^ '•"'ean glass jar with a man if it weren't for my husband. purcha.se of any pattern. ; g'ass lid but with no rubber. This HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS, i ^'"â- ' '"^^ ^ "'^^'^ ^°''.„''" °"'«'" P"""" • pose than receiving m;.k Write your name and address plain- ^ ^Ii,k should be kept at a t^mpor- ly, giving number and size of such ^ture below 50 decrees Fahrenheit, patterns as you want. Enclose 20c m (^.j^^n milk will keep .^weet at this stamps or com Ccoin preferred; wrap temperature for 24 hours after it it carefully) for each number, and ,.^jjj.jj,,g ^y^^ consumer. Often' milk is arms were frequently hurt and madej address your order to Pattern Dept.,' j^jj^^^^ ^g ^.^^^^ ^^' ^ g.^j^,^.^ j„ ^â- ^^^ to look, uglier than was their wont byj Wilson Publishing Co.. \^ West Ade- j^j^^ning and remains in the sun until '-'oming in contact w;th hot pans andi laide St.. Toronto. Patterns sent by g ^r 9 o'clock. This is a bad practice kettles. Aprons and dresses, too. werej return mail and milk so treated cannot be expect- often injured. That was before I| _ -_ • J ^, led to remain sweet. If the milk can- ''earned the value of good lifting pads tlxports or Butter and Cheese. j„ot be brought into the house soon ""<1 ^ handy towel on which to wipej From .statistics given in the most after delivery, a covered box or shel- soiled fingers. ed in early life. Most cf our preju-|a perfectly natural stage which chil- diccs are the outcome of habits of dren pass through and which calls 1 thinking formed in childhood. ManyO^'y fo."" greater care i.n the selection 'persons, during childhcod. develop a of wholesome companions. feeling about racial and religious dif-| DEVELopi.ng niGHT conduct. ferences which may lead in later life' This attitude of concern regarding : to intolerance and hatrsd toward tlieir what other iieople think is a force j fellowmen. This same attitude of that parents may use in developing mind is seen in children toward their right conduct. Rarely is a child found playmates who have the misfortune who does not care for tho approval of lof being orphans, or toward the child somaone. and training should make a whose mother is a .<;crubwoman, or child realize that it is to his advan- I whose father is a garbage collector. ; tage to win approbation for desirable ; Cure should be taken to .=ee that chil- acts. Praist? for unseiri.^faness, kind- j dren are early taught kindness and ness, and general consideration for I consider-ition for tho.so less fortunate, ' others tends to perpetuate that type for unconsciously they will form their of conduct. i attitudes from the home atmosphere.! Some parents play on a child's na- i coMi'LEX ME.vT.Ai. LIFE. 1 '"'â- ^' ^Ympathy for others until it be- .,.,,, , ,., comes like a worn out elastic band I A child has a mental life far more, which has been stretched til! it is use- j de.icate and compiex than his physical leas. "J^on't make a noise: mother's body, far more difficult to keep in; head aches," mav mak- a child sorrv order and much more easily put out for mother at first, but if it interfei-e^j of udjustinent. .-V child lives a real, with every bit of happy plav he has mental lite, full of hopes, ambition.?., he soon learns to be hard-hearted Whv. ho«- does he Inte-rfere with ' f °"'^.;^; ""'f /f'^'-'''^^' J^^'''' sorrows, and | about it. On the other hand, real strivings that are being gratified or sympathy for others, which is ono of thwarted much the same at 3 years the finest qualities of oersonality, of age a.s they ^v^d be at 30. The | may be develop by training and I home 13 the workshop ;n which thej form the basis of a habit of kindness jcharact^M- and per.»onahty of this ln-|and understanding which will last dividual are tiein>; n'ouided by thej throughout life. The Reason. 'You know I would he quite a marks- your marksmanship?" ' "Well, he ducks every time." « A Corsage for the Cook Time was when my hands and; but in it Just a little simple storj there is food for thought. Tho family were at their summer homo at the seaside and little Charles, an only child, was delit'hted to have recent News letter of the Dominion tored place should be tirovided and the '^ trim little teacher of domestic; MT''^- -"^Slffl^^-- other children to play with. One day Dairy and Cold Storage Branch, it is delivery man asked to leave the milk science taught me the value of what; -^ ff^ ^ /W^m ^^ ^ transgressed in .something and gathered that in the twelve months there. A rise in temt-erKure of milk ^ would term a corsage for the cook. ; ^ BH l\ K^UB ^-â€"-^ Mother told him that to m:iko him ending with .\priUhis vear, 25,062.-67 for a short time will cause the de- ^'^'^ ^'-^^ "^ a part of her cooking j ^T ^m I! ( H mfl ,--- remomber another time, ho must stay lbs 01 butter v.alued" at $8,904,924 velopmcnt of bacteria loading to early equipment three of the?e hand andi ...^ IW' J^^ffl!) -^ in their own dooryard all day and not weie exported from Canada, compar-! souring, while the gro%vth of bacteria clothing saving units. \ \,>^'^\f^ S\ -â- ^^^\l^-' , ''? .'? ^"^^ ^^^""^ ^° P'^^ *''^*' '^^ <*'^^*'" ed-with 13 611,902 Ibf.. valued at $5,-' is held in check by keeping the milk' And- -they were not ea.si.y laid' '^J^.W^^^W.- \ jchi.drcn. He recognized tho justice 090,883 in the previous year, an in- 1 cool. \ ^side, or dropped to the floor. A pad, :<3:*J|i^:i5i^ â€" / v^â€" . of his sentence and acquiesced in it crease of 11,450.855 lbs. in butter and! In the household refrigerator the ^or lifting, a tow.?l for her h.-iiidc and | SB n\ % 1 quite cheerfully. of $3,854,041 in money. Of cheese milk should be kept at the bottom of » cloth for dish wiping were attachsd; /'l^^^il % ,.''°'' ?, ^"^l^^ he amused himself with : there Were exported in the twelve | the refrigreator, for cold air settles t-^ '^P^^ which she had fastened to, Lk^sr^'^ -^ T ^^'k J'i*":- l»ea""o the merry {months ending with April this year,; rapidly. If for any reason milk does ""« •^'•S'^ f{«^y P'" ''"^ ^•"'"'"•''y ^"^ ' c,,,^..-, ,,. , ^. .^ shouts of his playmates on the beach. \ 127,406,600 lbs. value<l at $24,267.169, ! not stay sweet in the ice box during >»<?'• "Pâ„¢" belt. . /'.''; '?» y°" ''«''«ve In this theory , he went and sat on the doorsteps with- compared with 116.677.100 lbs. valued hot weather, it is often advisable to . OJ course, it would be perfect.y .il of i latiuty _ | his head in his hands and murmured at $->3 3881V>4 in the preceding year, place a thermometer in.side and close "^ht to use two ho.ders if you want; _/'e-" Hat U > mean . That y want to himself, "I ^vl3h I was there, I Food for Thought. CHARiM AND I'l.AiiiO UNITE. HERE an inerea.se of 10,729,500 lbs, cheese and $878,245 in .nioney. fbo a siiicr to tiie?" wish 1 was there." Then ho walked * j back to tho gate, listened, came back The best thing we liave heard about to the steps and sat down again very tho state of alf.Tirs in Ru.ssia is that ' dejectedly. After a few tears had I tha^ telephone girls, in ai^swering calls, •"ckled through his fingers, nearly I address you as 'Comrade." Could breaking the heart of Mother who Consistent with tho junior's ten- dency to imitate her "grown-ups" as far as fashions are concerned, is her adoption of tho two-piece frock as expressed in this version of the sus- pender skirt and blouse. The material of the skirt ia. powder-blue flannel, and the deep oval iieck-Nne, large armholes and top of the patch-pockets are bound in a darker shade of blui'. Blue and white dotted muslin was used for the Mouse, having short rag- Ian sleeves and round bo>-ish collar opening in front. Sizes 8, 10, 12 and 11 jtsari. Siie 10 year* re<iuire.s 2 yards of naterial for both the blouse and skirt, S? or 36 inches wide. Price 20 cents. Our new Fashion Book contains many styles showing how to dress boys and gir!.^. Simplicity is the rule for well-dressed children. Clothes of character and individuality for the junior folks are hard to buy, but easy ! to make with our pattern.-!. A small ! amount of mo;-..y spent on good ma- ( terials, cut on simple lines, will give children the i;i"'.vi!egc of wearing ador- ' able things. Price of the book 10 centi Ihe copy. Each copy Includes! In I the door for a few miiiut?.s. If the ^° '^^ *° arrange a corsage to suit ! temjierature is more than 50 degrees >°"'" °wn fancy. Such an arrange- o I Fahrenheit the fault cannot be laid '"^'•* '^ '<* ^ recom.-iended for the Every farmer boy is a man in thej entirely -to the quality of the milk, yeung iiv3xpenenced cook eapecia.ly. making. No right-minded man is sat-i -^ great many refrigerators are poor- ^' "• ^* isfied unless his boys and girls turn ! ly built and will not cooi foods placed * , . , , , j , , . . out better than he himself has done. ! in them. j Beware of stove polishes which anything prove moi-e satipfactorily the chanced to pa.'s by. and almost decid _._ j When milk is placed in the ice box contain benzine or any other inflam- fact th:it the Russian.s have actually '"K h«^'" to remit the .shiall boy's sen- "" ones of the I 'nco, Cliarles again went to the gate _^ ::nd climbed up on it. From this van- ture, keen plenty of stocK on it. |- .-v,.^^^.. „. „„„.,. .....,v • â€"â-  ^^^ ground he could just see ths heads of his playmates. It was too much for him. He burst open the ifate. exclaiming, "I can't stayl" ran to th>« bleach as fast as his sturdy Vegl would carry him .Tnd joined the â- hildr?n. When ho came home Mother said: "Charles, I .shall have to punish you." "Yes, Mother," ca-M) very faintly. "I .saw you when you wont first to the gate, and I saw yuu wber, you ran to the beach." "Where were you. Mother, when you Paw me?" "I was at the ftindexr." "Well, Mother, before you punish me may 1 ask you a T.^esttcn"" 'C.-rtainJy, my sc-n." â- 'Why i+idn't you tap on the window. Mother, and help your little boy?" Removing Pinfeathers. Ill clejmir.g chicken,-* I have found '. that a strawb<>rry huller is a very us*> : ful thing m amoving the pinfeath«T» I -M. S. .'. ^;'.cc;.icu;:ir ur.liisry displ.iy \sa3 preseuteJ on Lattaas Tiains. .Vld srsbot, wlien ths'King inspecle^i It.OOO c. is showB vasslng the saluting basa^ ' If you would awld tnfs'-.nderstanA irgs and perhaps quarrels, do noi b( I too inqaisili\'«.