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FOREST AREAS INPRAK IE PROVINCES Misapprehension Exists »8 to the Timber Supply â€" Manitoba 70 Per Cent. Forest Covered. To many CanadisDa bh well an utbert the nftiue Pralrlo I'rovincoa, by which Manllobu, Sai>k::tchowun and Alberta are knowu, tiuplleg that they «rQ de- Y0I4 of forest < or tree growth of any kind, lay* the Natural KeituurceB In- telligence Service of the Department of the Interior. Such, however, U not the ciise with any of these province*. There are large areas of forMt«d lands ill earh, while in Mauitoba fully 70 per cent, of the total area is under forcMit cover. Recent estimates of the commercial timber staudii of the three provinces range from eight to eleven million acree, and the commercial saw-timber from SS to 42 thousand million board feet. These estimates do not Include much of the northern area, where the growth Is more or less of a scrubby nature. This latter, however, con- tains a large potential supply of pulp- wood. The Forest Branch of the Depart- ment of the Interior has segregated considerable areait in each of the pro- vinces as foreHt resenee. Of a total reserved area of 31,926 square miles, 18,S94 square miles Is In AlberU, 9,S0S square mila^ In Saskatchewan, and 3,729 Rquare miles In Manitoba. Most of this foreftt reserve Us compo8«d of land unfit for agricuKure, and the ob- ject of the Interior Department In es- tablishing the reservee has been not with the idea of keeping the timber and other resources contained within them out ofjise, but to supply. In pei^ petutty, the largcAt quantity of the best timber that can be produced. A o«rtaln amount of fuel and building .^AMD T^E WORST IS YET TO COME lugs are given near-by settlers, and permits are given, for a nominal fee, to cut timber for domrsllc, oummunlty , and various other purpasea. The foreot products of the three prairie provinces In the aggregate for 1922, reached a large figure. The lum- ber cut amounted to 90,157.000 board feet, 24,737,000 lath were cut, also 487,685 croei ties, 37,403 poles, 6,529,- 657 fence posts, 496,380 rails and a large quantity of other forms of forest product The total value of the out- put for 1922 woa 18,448,231. There was cut for fuel purpoees 1,213,936 cords of firewood. Wood Is not »o generally used for fuel in the settled portions of the Prairie Provinces, as In eastern Canada, owing to the many areas In wblob a local supply of coal Is available. Natural gas also provides a fuel supply In a number of districts, particularly In Alberta. | The protection of the timbered areas from forest fires to one of the chief ceres of the Forest Service, and tor thl« puriMse fire patrols are maintain- ed both on the reserves and on the ad- joining timbered areas. Aeroplanes are engaged during the fire danger season In patrolting, and good results have been secured In fire prevention. | Through the efforts of the Tree Planting Dirlelon of the Interior De- partment the reputation of the Prairie Provinces as being composed of bald prairie land promisee to become ob- eolete. MlUlone of young trees are being planted annually about the farm ', homes, and In many districts the out- { look Is broken by wooded areas, which ' add much to make homelike conditions ' for the new comer to his prairie home. I WHAT FOREIGNERS CALL INSUU^ Naval Definitions. Fatham â€" A measure of six feet Turret â€" A tower for the protection of the gunners. Crow's nMt â€" A perch tor the look- out at the masthead. Armament-A term expressing col- lectively all the guns of a ship. Jacob's ladder â€" A short ladder with wood rungs and rope sides. Capstan â€" A machine used on board ship for lifting heavy weights. Bow chaser â€" A gun mounted In the bow to fire on retreating vessels. Bulkheadâ€" A partition separating compartments on the same deck. Cable â€" A long, heavy chain used to retain a ship In place at anchor. Binnacleâ€" The compass box of a ship, with a light to shorn It at night Gangway- The aperture In a ship's â- ld« where persons enter and depart. Displacement â€" The weight In tons of the volume of water displaced by a â- hip's bull. Barbette â€" A fixed circular belt of armor for protecting the guns In a re- volving turret. Knotâ€" A nautical mile of 2025 yards, equal to about one and on^elghth statute miles. Monitor â€" A low, nearly flat-bottom- ed armored vessel, with one or two turrets, each carrying two guns. Bridge â€" A platform above the rail extending across the deck for the con- venience of the ehlp's officers. Conning tower â€" An armored tower where the wheel, engine, telegraphs, etc.. are located, and from which the captain is supposed to direct bis men during a battle. BulleU That Fall Like Rain. L>o<>klng across the Thames to the Burrey side at Waterloo Bridge In Lon- don, there may be seen to the right a huge round tower rising out of a Jum- Med collection of wharfs, sheds, and ehlmrey sincks to a height of about too foet. Thia Is the shot tower of Wnlkerx. Parker, and Co., L.td.. the Lambeth Lead and Shot Works. The general public knows little of the purpnoe of this structure, and as a nile regards It as a kind of compli- cated factory chimney. But it holds the .secret of shot-making for sporting cartridge.^ and other purposes In Eng- land. Briefly described, the process is to Arop from different heights hot lead ran through a device somewhat like a colander. The falling shot In the cour.se of this process drops into vats of water at the bottom of the tower, and when it Is removed It has'taken on Us spherical form. The .Ilscovery of this method of pro- ducing shot in large quantities at high fipeert hafl been attributed to a man named Watts, about the year 1787, at Bristol. At all events. It was in the end purchased by Walkers, Parker for $50,000. The record.s are to the effect that Watts ascended the tower of 9t. Mary's Church, Bristol, on a hot day. Over- come by the heat or some refreshment somewhat more potent, he fell asleep, and In a dream saw himself dropping melted lead to the ground, where It took the form of pellets. Much Im- prea«ed. he made experiments at home, and the shot tower Is the Indirect result Seals and Camels Have Real Trap-Door Noses. Most of us when we go In for diving have very unpleasant experlense of getting our nostrils full of water. Na- ture did not design man to be a diving animal, otherwise she would have been as clever with his nose as she has been with the seal'A. The seal is, without doubt, the clever- et diver in the animal world, and his nose Is a very ingenious contrivance Indeed. Each nostril is provided with muscles which close it hermetically at the owner's will. And the shape of the nose Is such that when the nos'trils are closed not a drop of water can enter. I With seals the closing of the nostrils , at the moment of diving has become an automatic process. I This is wonderful enough, but we can see a still more remarkable appll- j cation of the same principle In an ' animal a^ far removed from the seal : as chalk is from cheese. The seal Is a wate- animal. The , other owner of trap-door nostrils Is I the camel, an Inhabitant of the driest ' parts of the world, the waterless, I sandy deserts. Now why should the camel require ; such an apparattu? He Is not troubled with water, but he Is troubled with dust; not the dust that we see In this country, but the fierce, blinding dust 8torm» of the desert These are so violent that tiny par- ticles are driven into the works of oven the mostly finely made watch, which becomes at once clogged and useless. If the camel had not nostrils which were perfectly dust-tight he could never endure the dreadful sand and dust »torms. The Little People. The Lord of the Little People, Olentle and very wise. Walking His woods In the twilight Harks to His children's crle£ And His tender mout6 is wry with pain And terrible are His eyes. The snare that haa throttled the rabbit Jerks to his dying strain; Trapped by his rush-thatched dwell- ing. The muskrat whimpers his pain; And here the bird with the shot- mashed wing Hidden three days has lain. The Lord of the Little People Wistfully goes His way. Seeking In vain His children; Few and afraid are they Of the mighty beast who has ravished the world With his hunger to slay, slay, slay. Lomely the fields at twilight; Empty the darkling wood, There, in the woodchuck'a burrow. Dead lies an orphaned brood. Here, where the bob-whites cowered, Are feathers and gouts of blood. Wanted: A Hymn Censor. Very strong representations have been made by an Influential Buddhist ' committee in Ceylon against the con- 1 tinued singing, in Its present form, "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." I The hymn, as everybody knows, re- , grets that "Ceylon's Isle" is a spot j where "every prospect pleases," and | "only man Is vile." The Cingalese I strongly object to being called "vile," I and there \a much to be said for their j point of view. \ It appears, indeed, that in the first draft of the hymn, which wtus written in tweny minutes, Java was the island chosen for special "vilenees," but Cey- lon was substituted as being more tuneful In sound. During the course of a children's ser- vice at St Paul's, Covent Garden, Canon Adder'.ey was leading the child- ren In the singing of that favorite hymn, "All Things Bright and Beauti- ful," but, coming to the third verse, he said: "Children, don't sing that verse, because it Is a lie!" This is the verse which he objected to: "The rich man In his caatle, The poor man at his gate â€" God made them high or lowly, And ordered their estate." We have all heard of the adage that "one man's meat U another's' poison," but It Is not so wall known that man- ners differ alnaost as much as food. In grelliou* observances, for instance, see how the Christian takes off his bat when entering a church, while the Mo- hammedan keeps on bis hat and takes off his shoe«b The Forwicn Office In England one time received a complaint through the Chinese Legation In London that the minister representing Her Majesty in China had insulted the Chinese Cabinet. There wa£i great excitement for awhile but Investigation revealed that the only conduct of which be had been guilty was thumping the table at which he was sitting, to emphasize a remark. In China It Is a grievous of- fense to thump the table, and because the British Government refused to dis- cipline their representative, the Chin- ese diplomats were exceedingly angry. In this country If a friend i& visiting; another and stays to dinner, he may ask for the loan of a hair brush with- out giving offense, but in Huitgary he may not. To attempt to borrow that useful ar- ticle Is one of the greatwt Insults which can be ottered to a Hungarian, and one wrlUch will in most cases cause a duel. In France there are several Insults which the unwary foreigner may offer without knowing It For oxnmple, he may be vlelting a friend, and may put his bat upon the bed. This is a griev- ous form of insult, but why is not known; It is a very ancient one, and so, probably, results from an old super- stition. I Again, there are two ways of pour- 1 ing out wine In France, as everywhero else. One of these is to hold the bot- tle BO that while pourlns the thumb Is facing the tablecloth. The second way Is to hold the hand reversed â€" and this Is a great Insult to the assembled guests and the host â€" a far greater in- salt than drinking a health In water, and that is pretty serious In France. Qermany ha^ some curious forms of Insult To begin with, to offer a rose, or any other flower, without any green or leaves with It, to a lady is to deeply Insult her, though why this should be so Is not known precisely. The German students are formed in* to corps, some of which are fighting corps, and others not. Each corps has Its distinctive cap, and when a mem- ber of one meets another In the street It Is atlquette for each to doff his cap. Should the other not respond a com- plaint Is made to his corps, and a duel is fought â€" a real duel, with sabres or pistols, not the fencing duel which le pastime in Germany, for the Insult is nearly the worst that can be offered. There is one worse, and that is sptll- ing or flicking beer over another stu- dent purposely. No apology wlU wipe out this offense; nothing will except s duel to the death, or a duel which U continued until one of the combatants Is too badly wounded to continue the fight. A minor Insult la to refuse to drink with a student if Invited, or to refuse to respond with "Prosit" when he raises his glass and says "Ich Kom- me vor"; but this is more a breach of good manners than an actual Insult. We might finish with two Spanish examples of curious insults In South America. The first of these Is to re- fuse to smoke a cigarette which an- other man offers you after he has had It in his mouth; and the second Is to refuse drink out of the same glass that a man has just drunk from, or, worse still, to wipe It before drinking. There are doubtless many other un- known Insults which Canadians may commit without knowing it, and that Is why they should be very careful to learn In advance something about the manners and customs of the people among whom they intend to travel. The Day of Rest. "Why does he sit so far back In the shadows In church on Sunday?" , "To rest bis eyes from sitting so far front In the stage Ilghth In the theatre all week." The Lord of the Little People, Who may divine what stirs His heart, as He seeks In the twilight The songs of His worshippers, i And hear but whimpers and squeals of pain j BVom creatures in plumes and furs? | I The partridge rots In the woodland; • The wild duck drowns in the sea; Beasts on the wide-flung trap lines "Perish In agony j That the monkey thing with the wea- sel's lust May wallow in mastery. | The Lord of the Little People, Who can Hie thoughts surmise? Cattle and small gray donkeys Heard His first baby cries. He knows. Ho knows when a sparrow falls And terrible are His eyes. A new type of storage tank for (asoHnu is .spherical In shape, as pres- anre Is more equally distributed over the entire sphere. Did you ever realize that by jrietd- Ing instead of resisting, by (Ivlnc in instead of being siubborn, of betoff a •tickler for an apolo(y, fou dlMim the resentment and awaken tte Wtttr nature of the oee who haa injarod you? Many people have thas ftinU Ibe good will of Mbe whoa regarded as »n er^^my. â€" 0. ft. A Gift That Backfired. Brother Allen had in his store an nid-fashioned, ornate silver table cas- tor that no one would buy, though he had marked It down to "only $4." | When the sisters of the church asked ' for contributions to the good pastor's ' donation party he put In the sliver monstroclty, taking care to Insert the digit one before the four In order to ! make thp gift seem valuable. i The party was held with iU shower of good things. Little Mrs. Klllott, the pastors wife, gazed ccuriously at the ' caster and Its plethoric tag. "It's too i rich for ui!" she said. "Kspeclcally ' when the children need clothes and i we all need food. I'll go and ask ' Brother Allen to take it back and let ' us have the fourteen dollars' worth of other things that we need so badly." Hank Evans, the village gossip, wan in the store when she rame In with the high-priced donation. So, rattier than betray himself to Hank's biting tongue, Brother Allen sent fourteen dollars' worth of goods up to the par- son's bouse-almost a dimy load of the cheaper but more oomfortlng ttilngs that the little woman had selected. MoFsi: A clean gift, like a clean en- gtae, will net bkckflre. By teaching we learn. Not to com- municate one's thoughts to others â€" to keep one's thoughts to oneself, as peo- ple say â€" is either cowardice or pride. It is a form of sin. â€" H. G. Wells. Did you ever notice that the chap who is always carving his initials upon the fence, trees, and his desk at school, seldom, if ever, writes his name upon the age in which he lives? He commences carving too early, and gets tired. A returned missionary from Jamaica and Old Calabar says that Dr. Dodd- ridge's description of heaven In his well-known hymn: "No midnight shade, no clouded sun. But sacred, high, eternal noon." will make anyone shudder who knows what It Is to be exposed to the sun of the torrid zone. He says: "The man who wrote these lines must have lived far north, where a glimpse of the sun was a rare favor. "I once met a black boy," he con- tinues, "sitting under the shade of a palm, taking shelter from the sun's glare and the dazzle of the sandy, sea- side road. 1 said: 'Did you ever hear of heaven, my boy?' '* 'Yah, boss!" "What sort of a place do you think It'll be?' " 'Guess It'll be a mighty cool kin' o' show, boes!' said the little chap; and he knew more about It than some hymn writers." An avalanche that swept across a road near Rochetaillee, France, not' long ago. dropped u huge block of ice that contained the carcass of a wild boar. Just how the boar became im- 1 bedded in the ice is not clear, but probably it was caught in the slide, j and the mass of snow closini? round it, ' solidified and thus converted it into cold storage pork. The few <rf what pM>»le wilt think of OS is a Mvy eoronton caose of shiT^ •ry. And the nervoos anxiety aa la m 4» net plaaaa is a strain of the •r part tt A Poem You Ought to Know. Ode to Autumn. John Keats enriched our literature with five of its greatest Odes. The "Ode to a Nightingale" is perhaps the best known, but the following, though the shortest, has the perfection of a flawless gem: Season of mi&ts and mellow fniltful- ness. Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with blm how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves run; To bend with apples the mc£<sed cot- tage trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core; To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel ehells With a sweet kernel ; to set budding more. And still more, later flowers for the bees. Until they think warm days will never cease. For Summer has o'erbrlmmed their clammy celle. Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find Thee sitting careless on a granary floor. Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnow- ing wind; Or on a half-reaped furrow sound asleep. Drowsed with the fume of poppies, while thy hook Spares the next swath and all it* twined flowers; And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep Steady thy laden head across a brook; Or by a cider-prces, with patient look. Thou watchest the Inst oozlngs, hours by hours. Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy muelc too, â€" While barred clouds bloom the soft- dying day, .And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue; Then In a wailful choir the small gnats mourn Among the river sallow^, borne aloft Or sinking as the light wind Uvea or dies; And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn; Hedge-crickete sing; and now with treble soft The redbreast whistles from the gar- den croft, .\ml gathering .swallows twitter in the skies. Living on Seeds. You sit down to your breakfast and begin with porridge; the oatmeal is crushed oat seed. You go on with toast which Is made from the seed of wheat and with those foods you drink coffee, which Is a decoction of the crushed and roasted seed of the coffee shrub. Has It ever occurred to you to con- sider the extent to which seeds enter Into the diet of the whole human race? All our bresnl Is made of seeds, either of wheat, barley, rye, or corn. Eastern races, who do not eat bread as much as we do, live largely upon the seed of the rice plant, boiled instead of baked. We ourselves eat enormous quantities of rice, both as a vegetable and as a pudding. In Central America, the whole popu- lation from Mexico down to Southern Brazil lives mainly upon corn, either cracked and cooked as hominy or ground into flour and made Into brea4 and cakes. Among our most prized vegetables . are green peas and broad beans, both . the green seeds of cultivated plants. ' while dried peaa and lentUe are used for soup and as winter vegetables. Cocoa Is also made from a seed. And our condiments, with the exception of salt, nearly all come from seeds. Mus- tard, pepper, and nutmeg are well- known examples. Nuts form a considerable proportion of the food of the human race. We eat walnuts, chestnuts, Brazil nuts, and hazel nuts, which are all seeds of different trees. But by far the most important of nuts Is that of the coco-palm, from which Is made margarine and oil, and hundreds of tons of which are need In the manufacture of cakes and con- fectionery. Almonds are also essential to the makers of cakes and sweets. -*- Hard Luck. Bugâ€" "Great Scott, old manâ€"" Worm â€" "Isn't it terrible, I swaliov ed a hairpin on a bet!" - Flood Lights to Repel Bandiia. Floodlighting projectors tor use on railroad cars carrying Chinese sol- diers sent out to repel bandita have Just been provided. The floodlighting ptMjectors were equ'pped with 250- watt lamps, and a considerable num- ber of these projectors were mounted on several railroad cars used to trans- port detachments of soldiers. Good work was done by this means in re- ducing the number of bandit attacks upon railroad trains on the Tientsln- Pukow railway. The remarkable achievement of Miss Mabel Green, blind typist of Lon- , don, lies behind the publication of 3 book recently, the entire manuscript of which extending to 40,000 words, she took down In Braille shorthand and iMltleaaly transcribed. ( Undiscovered. "My friend, are you travellinx the strait and narrow path?" In silence the nutn handed over hta card, which read: "Slgnor Ballaacio, Tightrope Watk- ar." A Canadian Wembley. I Even when the British Empire Ex- hibition Is over. Its memory will still ; be prcserveil in Canada, where the latest railway-station, fifteen miles , south-west of Grand Prairie, .\lberta, I has been given the name of Wembley. ' This Is not the first time that places in Canada have been named after well- known persons and places In the Old Country. There is a Beaconsfleld and a Gl&dijtone in Maultcba, an Asquith posl-ofik-e In Saskatchewan, and a Bonar Law station in Ontario. Revel- stoke, British Columbia. Is another case In polut. It was named after the flrs't Lord Revelstoke, of Baring Broth- ers, who took over the first bond Iseua i (fifteen million dollars) of the Cana- dian Pacific Railway. In addition to these there are t^a classical examplee of Hudson Bay, named after the explorer; and Wind- sor, Woodstock. Chatham, and Lon- dun-on-Thames in Ontario. The last- named, suitably enough, la In Mlrld'e sex County, which provides another ex ample. Ontario also boasts a Glas- gow and a Qtencoe. I \ '