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MMMMHUIMBWH N '^ V '' 1^' POTTERY MAKING IN CANADA 1 *-AND THE WOP ST IS YFT TO COME V Many Varielie* of Clay Available, but the Better Gijades Are in Limited Supply. UuUI comp».raU»«ly recently Ihlaa ubieware wm roanafkctured in Canada. Thta condition, however, has k««ii overcome by the establishment »f a pottery at Oshawa, Ontario, and Jt is reported that another plunt Is lo be operated at Port Hope, OnUrlo. Ihe Osbawa plant Is turning out from B0,000 to 76,000 pieces per week of Ubieware and art iwttery, using large- ly Cfln.iilian raw materlaU. I ! ; no covered with glazes and enameli and reflred. ; Suitable Claya In Canada. /t I Stoneware clays are sparlngV ^ti- tributud in Canada nnd ar<< acce^lble in Nova HcotUi and Saskatchewan. This type of clay Is generally very smooth and plastic in the natural state, and the color ranges from dark grey to almost white. | Ball claya art- hiKhly plastic, fine- Stoueware and other heavy domestic grained clays, which burn to a white pottery, such as ttapots, mixing bowls, ^^i^^j. ^^ ,„ ^^ ^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ etc.. Is ma iP at St. John, N.H., Iber- ^^^^ colored, sometimes approaching Tllle, Que.. Hamilton, Ont., and Medi- 1^,^,^^ ^^ ^^ „„jj „f ^,,g ingredients need cine Hal, AlberU. I ,„ compounding bwlles for jnaklng Pottery includes many varieties of ^^^^^^ earthenwart-, white wall tile, ware and from different kinds of clay, electric porcelain, etc. There is a The common flowerpot of Uie gardener ^^.^^^ variety in composition In the dlf- Ifl the simplest kind of pottery made ,erent ball clays, but none have been in quantity; and the unglazed pottery ,„„„(, ,„ Canada, except amoni{ the of the Kuropean and A.slatlc peasant ^^eat variety of white clays in south- and Indian pottery are examples of ^,j.^ Saskatchewan, simple ware made for every day use, ' ^-j^^e name blue clay Is often used In very often from the commonest brick describing certain clays which are of clays. Porcelain, or china, is at the ^ j^^j g,^y color, but the name Is other extreme in the ceramic scale, „jea„,j,j,,gsij q^^ j^g „<, gijjnjdcT^n'gggg and thi^ class of pottery Is made from the finest white burning kaolin, with which other Ingredients are mixed, j There are several types of pottery I a host of clays of widely different pro- perties have a lead grey, or tjluish color. In the raw state. Commercial kaolins, or china clays. between these extremes but in a gen- ', ^^e residual clays derived from a rock eral way they can be grouped Into two co^jp^ged mostly of feldspar, or cou- taiuing little cr no iron oxide. Crude classes â€" tho«e which have a vitrified or non-absorbent body, and those hav- ing a soft body which Is more or less porouii. The latter require to be cover- ed with a glaze, or enamel, in order to render them watertight, but vessels of the first type may be left unglazed and still hold water. Modern pottery, however. Is nearly always finished with a glaze, or enamel, whether the body is porous or vitreous. Varieties of Pottery kaoHn, so far found in Canada, is at lery Industry by washing, in order to free it from impurities, geuijrally , quartz grains. The waKhed kaolin is known by the name, china clay. | China clays are less plastic than The gentian was the year's last child, stoneware clays and generally bum Born when the winds were hoarse and to a white tiorous mass. They are Love the Jealous. . I i»rai^.ed the datelea on my lawn, ! And then mr ladr'wowed tham down. I My garden stones, improved by moss, i Sh« moved â€" and that was Beauty's I loss. I Wh»n I adored the sunlight, t)be Kept a bright flre Indoors for me. Siia saw I loved the birds, and that London Feasta the Eye. The face of every town bat Its de- licious dlfferentMSS," s»r» C. E. Mon- tague, "but of all cities, L«adoa, after all, is surly Ut« fijtast to look at. Yoa find It out if you have lived there In your youth, and then b«en long awajr, but somrtlmes revisit the place. Yon see It then with effectually opened eyes, 83 the man who has long been In ! i Made her one day bring Iwms a cat. ' She plucks my Bowers to deck each «o"ie tropical wild sees rural England : room, : reveaTed while bis train comes up from ' And make me follow where they bloom. Plymouth through two hundred mllea Because my friends were kind and ,o' <^1'»™«'^' '®"<^«'^ «*'"*'^°' ''*""'"'*'*' ! many, 1 She saidâ€" "What need j any?" hie Love ' lous, halt-laughable, and wholly ea- of ' dearing. Fleet Street when the lamps are being lit on a clear evening; South- I What Is my gain, and what my loss? "ar*^ ^^ ramshackle wharves and I Fire without sun, atones bare of moss, mud foreshores, seen from Waterloo â-  Daisies beheaded, one by one; | »ridge at five o'clock on a sunny June < The birds cat-hunted, friends all morning, the eighteenth-century bank I gone I "f 'he river looking across to Its nine- 'â-  These are my losses; yet, I swear, 1 teenth-century bank; the Temple's en- i A love less Jealoas in its care | cUves of peace where, the roar of ths Would not be worth the changing skin -'Parrow, twenty years away, planted That she and I are living in. i c'^ar ^^^ e^K^- â- "'« ^ ""^® foreground â- ^ II Davies. ! A^i^fe, on that dim background of '.sound; the liberal arc of a mighty Last Flower of the Year. wild mixed with ball clay, feldspar antj flint With wailing over buried flowens right to deliver the first punch by cast of the dice, struck the king a hoavy blow en the side of the head, stafeger- Ing him. Richard, In his turn, now struck and "landed" on his opponent's ear with Their Only Hope. They were raw recruits tliat the ser- geant was trying to knock into shape. Very, very raw, he called them, and s-omtbing else as well, as you may g^ucss, if you know anything about ser- geants. On this occasion they were being in- structed in the use of the rifle. They fired at one thousand yards , range, and mtesed the target alto- 1 circle of buildings massed above the Embankment, drawn upon the dark- ness in dotted lines of light, as a night train brings you into Charing Crass; i!ie long line cf big ships dropping nciselessly down the silent river, past Greenwich and Grays, on the ebb of a midnight high tideâ€" O, there are end- less courses to this feast." Rub Insect Bite. „^ , , ^ , , , , Why, when bitten by an insect, do gether. Then at eight hundred yards, j ^^ instinctively rub the affected partt with the same result. By easy stages the distance was reduced to thirty yards, but still not a shot got home. At last the patience of thier in- structor was exhausted. "Fix bayonets," he ordered. "Charge! It's your only hope!" for the manufacture of porcelain and Tho playmates of their sunnier hours. | ^^^j^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^„j j^j^^ ^^^ y^^ ^pot while earthenware bodies. The only The Mines Branch of the Depart-' kaollin. so far found in Canada, is at '"»» gentian hid a thoughtful eye ment of Mines has carried out a num- ber of investigations of the clays. of Canada, and haa reported upon the suitability of these for the manufac- ture of pottery and earthenware. Some of these goo^ls and the varieties of clays entering into th6ir composition are as follows: Porcelain Ware â€" This class of ware St. Rnmi d'Amherst, in Argeoteuil Beneath dark fringes, blue and shy, County, Quebec. Only by warmest moonbeams won, Scutliern Saskatchewan is the only To meet the welcome of the sun. region in Canada where valuable clays oecm- In abundance. There is a variety The gentian her lolng lashes through, of while and Krey clays over a large' LK>oked up into the sky so blue, area, varyinK from low-grade stone- And felt at home; the color there I Sir Walter Scott, in his inimitable ro- mance "Ivanhoe," makes use of the [ story in his relation of the exchange j of buffets between the King and Ijriar i Tuck. I r ware clays to fireclays. TTleV are mined at two localities, East End and Tire gonl QiAl gave liuiacif tw •n-eor. â- mr.^0\. ''â- ', ^M H #> â- ff.\r'-f H", Sunrise at Midnight. You mny think this ItupoaotWo, but it is not. It is a fact which you have The gentian searched the fields around | only to go to^ the proper place to wit- ness. This proper place is North Cape, latitude seventy-two degrees. At this point, the sun, at one time of the year, doe,3 not set for several weeks; at an- other, it does not rise for several. At last, on the proper day, according to the almanac, it shows its face. Af- terwards, it remains for ten or twenty mtnutM. then goes down, and at The gentian said, "The world is cold; length does not set at all, but makes Yet one clear glimpse of heaven 1 hold, an almost perfect circle round the sky, No flower-companion there she found; Upward from all the woodland ways Floated the aster's silvery rays. The gentian shut her eyelids tight On falling leaf and frosty night; And close her azure mantle drew. When dreary wiuds around her blew. The .sun's last though Is mine to keep! Enoughâ€" now let me go to sleep." â€" Lucy Larcom. Members of the Canadian Alpine Club are shown cros'iing a glacier near the cre*t of Mount Uobson, the highest peak in the Rockies, 14,000 feet above sea level. in full view. At North Capo, duringHhe time the sun does not set, the inhabitants tell ,{. .. I that it la 12 o'clock at night by seeing C \ll C C\\A I ^'"^ *"" '^^^ ^^'^"^ ^^^ mountains. In Strong Men or Uld. j Stockholm, the sun. In June, sets a Feats of great strength have at all : short space before 10 o'clock. During times excited much intere.^t, and the the night. It is very light, owing to the more extraordinary examples .have passage of the sun round the earth to- been deemed worthy of record by his- ward the North Pole, and people can torlans. Remarkable though present- gee to read at midnight, day feats undoubtedly are, they have At the end of the Gulf of Bothnia, often been ecllp.sed by those recorded there Is a mountain, where, on the 21st in bygone days. • of June, the sun does not set at all. One of the most famous strong men This happens only on that night. The of antiquity was Polydamas, the Thes- gun touches the horizon, but does not salian, who lived about 400 B.C. Won- sink below it; in five minutes, it be- derful stories are told of his colossal gins to ascend again, size and strength. On one occasion he is said to have licld a wild bull so firm- ly by one of Its hind feet that the ani- mal In Its .struggles to release itself, wrenched off its hoof, while another feat for A Long Wedding Feast. In India the wedding feast lasts fot about twenty-four hours. A Bee's Travels. Massage, as applied not only to an in- sect bite but to almost any other in- jury, sucii as a bruise. Is an Instinct almost universal. Its first reason is to wipe away the insect, or to assure ourselves what damage has really been effected. In the econd place, we unconsciously set up a counter-irritation of the nerves, which tends to distract our attention from the original ailment; and thirdly, by the actual pressure of the nibbing we check the flow of the blood in the Experts figure tliat a bee must travel : area of the trouble and so "slow down" 40,000 miles to get a pound of honey, our capacity for feeling the pain. Reverse English. A native clerk In Manilla came Into his master's offlce and asked for a which he was renowned was , transfer to some other department, or the stopping of a chariot when driven even another island, at full speed by seizing the wheel. | 'But why do you want to leave Richard Coeur de Lion was an ex- here?" asked the superior officer. is made from the finest white kaolin,' Willows. These clays will be found after It has been thoroughly washed suitable for the manufacture of vari- to clear It of quartz, mica, and other impurities. The kaolin is mixed with ball clay, flint and feldspar. The kao- lin gives the body its pure white color, the ball clay serves as a bond and makes the wet body more plastic. The feldspar has a fluxing action that makes the burned ware hard and im- pervious, and the flint makes the ware somewhat porous so that a glaze mny be applied. The mixture of these ma- terials U fired at a high temperature ()U8 klnda of pottery, Including heavy tableware called white granite, or iron- stone china. The laboratories of the Mines Branch at Ottawa have tested out practically all the known clays of Canada, and results of these experi- ments are available, it is in this work that the Mines Department has proven Itself so Invaluable to industries de- pendent upon our mineral resources for raw materials, and much unneces- ceptlonally strong man, and U Is re- lated of him that, while a prisoner in Germany in the hands of the emperor, he gave a terribly practical proof of the force of the blow he was able to deal with his clenched fist. The son of his principal warder had invited the royal captive to an ex- "Bccause," the man repllled, "I am homesick." "Oh, well, In that case there is no need for a transfer. I can arrange for you to have a little vacation and then you can come back. Where Is your home?" "Right here, boss," was the doleful The Bowdoin is shown after its trip In the Arctic regions, where it car- ried Capt. Donald MacMillan and his crew for 333 days of travel through snow and ice. Warnings of Earthquakes ] AfFbdng Great Seal Takes r.iv^n Kv Sea Tidea Twenty Minutes. Uiven Oy aea noes. Affixing the great seal, the lord The recent discovery that Udes are chanceiilor's most treasured poasea- deflnitely affected by earthquakes h«s Lion, Is" nowadays an impreslve cere- led to the announcement here that ^ony. Used to ratify the patents of quakes may be predicted in the future ^^^^^ baronets, and Judges of the high by a close observation of abnormal ; j^^j^ ^^ ^g„ ^g f^j. important state rise and fail of the ocean in the vl- documents, the present seal was cinlty of known tremor centres, says gtruck at the royal mint shortly after a Tokio despatch. | the King's accession. It is made of The authorities of the Weather Bu- , 5,;,^^^, measures six Inches in diameter reau in Chlba Prefecture, near Tokio, ^^^j ^^^j £400. had an opportunity to tast their theory up to within recent years the great change of blows, and, winning the reply, "and I am sick of It," glazed and reflred at a lower tempera- j sary Inveatlgntlon and expense will ture. Some porcelains, such as electrl- be saved to Canadian manufacturers cal porcelain, are glazed before Hring, I contemplating engaging in clay-using thus acoomplishing the work of two ; Industries if the Information available firings in one. I "' 'h*' Mines Branch is made use of. Stoneware Pottery -Articles for do-' . • ««d Jl*^ »~1C^ U**'* mestic use, like crocks. Jugs, mixing' What IS redlsr s rrencnf bowls, teapots, etc., are generally | The wifeacie s-tys that the expres- made from stoneware which burns to »lon "Welsh rubbil" Is a perversion of a dense body of extreme hardness,; Welsh laicblt. hut this is a mistake, varying In color from nearly white to The man who first made this sugges- dark grey. A great deal of the so- called art pottery Is made from stone- 1 wars clays. White Earthenware â-  - The heavier kind of tableware known by various trade names, as white earthenware, iroostone, china, and white granite- w re, are made from mixtures of while burning clay and finely ground quartz and feldspar, burned to a fairly dense but |K)roua body and covered with a clear glaze. A great variety of orna- mental pottery is made of the white earthenware body covej-ed with color- ed glazea. Colored ESartbenwara - There Is a great variety of pottery made from natural Imirara clays, whlcb bum to colors ranging from light buff to deep -ed. Most of these claya aoften and m* th«ir ahapn if burned to too high t temperature, Ronie4iaently the body ramalns porous after flrtnc, wad U tliaa tlon had no sense of humor. As a matter of fact, the table fur- nishes many cxBtnpU.s of names of viands nhiih have an alias of the same humornu.s de-rriplion as Welsh rabbit. Sailor.s, fur Instance, call a shark steak 'Ki'lUoKtcne href," and flsdier folk cimimonly call smoked herring â- nigby ihlcken." A similar instance to Welsh rabbit Is piwvlded by poached egg on toast being known as ".Scotch woodcock," and an Australian leg of mutton aa "Colonial goose. In the sixteenth century slang was called "Pedlars French, and everybody haa heard a cash register called a "Jew's piano." The fur trade haa many aliaaee of tJiis kind, like "bunny- saal," "marah-squlrrel," and "Alaakaa •ahK" ftU of which are oamouiUc* namae (Or Mibatltutes tor tli* rMkt w U«la when it was observed that the tide had seal of England never left the lord been rising steadily off the coast at chancellor's keeping. It was carried Choshi until the day of a quake when ^j- him on all his Journeys at ho-me and abroad. Nowadays it is kept in a safe Sir Samuel Wilson, the new governor of Jamaica, left London recently rlth hfa wife and (amUy to uke over ht» poet it had passed what is known as the danger point. On the morning follow- ing the tremor the water had receded and vras four feet below the former mark. This fact, they believe, con-, firms the belief that serious disturb- ances in the earth's crust are preceded by an abnormal rise in the tide. Before the earthquake disaster of September 1 the tide at Choshi had reached the danger mark some three months prior to the catastPophe. < The Boso promontory, which forms the extreme southern end of Chlba Perfecture, is thought to be about fifty miles from a spot in the Pacific agreed by experts to be an earthquake zone. This zone, the authorities point out. is the cause of a serioua disturbance tti the eartu's crust at intervals of 100 years. The last catastrophe thought to have originated in this quake centre was a tidal wave which Inundated Tokio and surrcunding territory seven- ty years ago. According to this estl- I mate, another colossal d'.saster is due in about thirty years. But the authori- ties in Chlba are reassuring the resi- dents with the theory that they will be able to predict the quake by thft lidos and give cut a w^arning. Another Purpose. Diner â€" "I say, waiter -do you call this bean soup?" Walter â€" "Tho cook does, sir.'" "Why the bean in this soup isn't big enough to flavor It!" "It Isn't supiposed to flavor it, sir. It la Just supposed to ohristen HI" at the crown office. Aflftxlng the seal takes twenty min- utes. Whenever it'is used two ofBciala of s.tate, known respectively as "Chaff Wax" and the "Sealer," have to be present. In olden days theirs was a w^ole-tlme appointment. Now the titles are he'.d by minor oflSicials, a dummy great seal being used, except in the instances named above. Her Fortune. "What would yon say her torttuM la?" "A small but attraettf* flsiu* «â-  i VreMei It, I'd say." . .^ ^ -• >*- -M. ^