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. f AMrM* eemmunleatloM to A»rwiomUt,'7» Adtlatda **. W«rt. Tcnnf SpnyioK Potatoes k Nec«*> sary in Order to Keep Them Free From Beetle*, Blight and Rot and Other EKsease*. Spraying. In oi^r to be elTeetiv*, must be timely and thorough, and •bould be commenced when the potato â€" â-  â- - - ^ " A.r.-t". r. 'â- â- â- ' ;â-  thsir gro\. n and died. Thla la nacea- â- ary to prevaot tubers rotting a/ter thay are dug. Be aura and uae plenty of Bordeaux at eacl\ application. Forty gallona' may ba sufAciant to cover the plants when they are small, but eighty to one hundred gallons will be required when the plants are larga in order to do thorough spraying. The THE ADAPTABIUTY OF BAR- LEY IN LIVE STOCK FEEDING. Aa a utility feed for live stock, tha value of barley is generally accepted, but its particular value in this respect is less fully appreciated. Barley, lika com, is a carbonaceous feed and, gen- erally speaking, it may suecaasfully be used to replace corn in the rations When fed alone it is open to criticism because of its lack of palaUbility aa compared with oats, corn or wheat; but when fed in grain mixtures this objection is negligible. It la usually about the time the plants , are from Ave to eight inchea hlglu and thair lacUtion period. Th»t la, then, ^y^ foliage ahould be kept covered tha time to make a selection of all pro- throughout the season, special pra- Atable producers, and cull out those cautions being taken to sec that It la which have not proven their ability to .^^jj overed during wat weather, so beetle eggs are just hatching, which | best type of spray Is one with tt»- IHE WOO DLOT ON I HE FARM Greatest Harm Done by Allowing Cattle to Gimxe Wher* Young Trees Should Have a Chance to Develop. BY ARTHUR HERBERT RICHARDSON. .^^ „^._^ ^ During last summer a survey was the trees. All this means that the Ufa noales 'which provides for spraying mada in one of the old settled parts of; of the wood lot U shortwed'and tha the under-surfaco of the leaves. Bor- Ontario, to determine the amount of, chance for parpetulty deatrwyed. deaux dust is also recommended fori forest land available for tree plant- the control of late blight and rot, but sufficient experiments have not been conducted to demonstrate its superior- JeUy Sold Green Ap]>les. produce above a certain sUndard. | ,,yg p^of. j. e. Howltt, Dept. 9f | Ity over the liquid spray Juat what this sUndard ehould be In! Botany, O.A.C. Never put off spray- • grade herd depends to some extent' j^g because It looks Ilka rain for once on the locality in which the herd is jjy ^^g gpr^y mixture will withstand situated, the marketing facilities and ^^i^ ^n,} be on the plants at the criti- prlces obtainable for f eeda aa well as , ^^i time. Bordeaux is by all means for milk or butter-fat | the best fungicide for potatoes. For The Experimental Farm, Nappan, the first application use four pounds N.S., working under average condi- ' copper sulphate, eight to Ing, and to classify the kinds and con- ditions of farmers' woodlots. Tha work was done in a county where the pre- vailing species are hard woods, such as beech, birch, maples, etc., and Horsea, cattla, shaep and hogs, if al- lowed to run continually In a hard- wood bush, destroy the young trees and destroy the forest mulch. Horses nibble the tender shooU oi seedlings, feed on leaves and tear the branches as far as the^ can reach. Cattle dam- . where the valuable sugar or hard maple was so common that by some { age the young growth and expose and After a bad windstorm the ground' it was considered a weed. Each piece Injure the roots of larger trees with under our apple trees was strewn of woodland one and one-half acre In ; their sharp hoofs. Sheep are destruc- wlth small, very green apples. Al- size, or over, was examined and a tlve by nibbling and tramping, hogs though they were extra good for jelly,' report was made out giving answers' destroy seed and nature's seed bed. _ _ _ twelve j merchants said people generally [ to carefully prepared questions. , Many farmers have noticed the trees tiomi for the Maritime Provinces j pou'nda hydrated lime and forty gal- [didn't think of that, and such fruitj One of these was "Has the woodlot|of their wood-lots beginning to die in along these lines, is conducting a ^*^ _t\gr*dlng-\i'p experiment, using pure- "' ~ bred sires on heifers of unknown par- entage and of the average type and heating in character, and because of this must be fed with discretion to such classes of stock aa Idle work horses and pregnant brood aows, if used at all. When fed In an experimental way to work horses, it was not consum«d with the same relish as oats, nor did it posses as hfgh a food value. The difference in this latter respect waa, ^^ f^und that a heifer producing less however, comparatively slight. | than 5,000 pounds as a two-year-old For the feeding of steers or beef Lyj n^t, except in a very few cases, cattle, barley has a high commercial ^^^^ ^^ profitable increase during her value. In a test, conduct^i at the three and four-year-old form. Toll- Brandon Experimental Farm, in | luatrate, fourteen heifers, grade Hoi- which barley and frozen wheat were ^tein and Ayrshires, which went over compared, the barley chop gave an 5 qq^ pounds as two-year-olds, showed Ions of water, and 1^ pounds of arsenate of lime to each forty gallons of the liquid spray. Paris green and arsenate of lead may be used as a production of the dairy cattle poison instead of arsenate of lime but throughout the country. The progeny , are much more costly and no more from these matings are also fred to effective in keeping bettles under con- pure-bred sires and a record is keptjtrol. Repeat spraying with the Bor- of the production of milk and butter- deaux mixture often enough to keep fat, the feed consumed, and the profit the fojiage covered. Add a poison to over feed cost with each individual. It the Bordeaux only when required for beetles. No stated number of applica- tions of the Bordeaux can bo recom- mended. The number depends on the weather, the wetter the weather the larger the number. If the season Is favorable for blight and rot continue spraying until the plants have finished average daily gain per steer of 1 lb, 13 oz., while the frosen wheat gave a in t)\at years an average production of 6,621 pounds of 8.9 per cent, milk gain of 1 lb. 3 ozs. At the Indian jn 948 days, or a dally average pro- Head Experimental Farm, in a test ^ covering a period of 77 days, barley was compared with elevator screen- ings. The barley-fed lot made an average dally gain per steer of 2.18 lbs. while the screenings-fed lot made a gain of 1.78 lbs. Barley also holds a prominent place in the meal ration of dairy cattle. The suitability of barley for bacon production has been repeatedly de- monstrated by the Dominion Experi- mental Farms, particularly for finish- was hard to sell. So they wouldn't j been seriously damaged by cattle?" i the tops. Branches cease to bear fol- pay us enough to make it profitable in 4 townships examined, where the iage and give trees an unhealthy ap- to haul the apples to town. | above hardwood species are common, pearance. We made glasses of jelly, and left the answer too frequently was in the J Then in some windstorm these are one with each merchant for him to affirmative, and of the total number the first to be thrown. This "stag- display on top of a pile of the fruit. ; of woodlots examined during the sum- , headed" appearance on the part of People caught the idea, and soon we [ mer, a large per cent had been given the trees is seldom connected with the sold all the green apples at the cilr- ' over to cattle to be browsed, weakened, . unfair treatment of the forest by th* rent price for cooking apples. Since retarded in g^rowth and finally to pro- 1 owner. Due to lack of food and moiff- then, when we thin the apples on our trees, we use the same plai^^ â€" N. S. Ives. duce inferior timber for fuel. i ture, caused by the destruction of the When Nature is allowed to produce forest floor by cattle, the trees have trees In her own way without the de- 1 been unable to obatin nourishinsnt vastating effects of stock, the floor of , and consequently have declined in As the margin of profit grows nar- the forest is made a source of food vigor. rower the more important it ia to weed ' and recuperation. If the woodlot is With many farmers and stock own- out the poor cows, and the greater the made up of mixed hardwoods of near-; ers, the woodlot section of the farm percentage of cows falling below the profit line. duction of 16.2 pounds. The profit over cost of feed was 181.74 per cow or 14.6 cents for every pound of but- ter-fat produced. The three-year-old period of these same cows, averaging 827 days, showed a production of S,810 pounds of 4 per cent milk, or 20.8 pounds per day. The profit was |49.90 or 18.8 cents per pound of but- ter-fat produced. As four-year-olds, they produced an average of 7,238.3 pounds milk, testing 3.9 per cent fat in 308 days. This waa a daily aver- Home Education The Chlld'a F|rM Sehoel to the Famlly"--rroebaL' Mine and Thineâ€" By Jennie Ellis BurdidE Ing. It is not a desirable feed for,ag« of 23.5 per cent and the profit brood sows before farrowing or dur- ] realized was I66.B7 or 20 cents per ing the early part of the nursing per-' pound of butter-fat. lod, but may be introduced Into thej The results obUined from twenty- sow's ration after the pigs are a week .even heifers with less than 5,000 or two of age. Because of its carbon- pounds of milk as two-year-olds were aceous nature it should not be fed to striking in their contrast with the newly-weaned pigs in any appreciable above. Their iSrst laeUtion period quantity but find its chief use in the, (344 days) showed an average pro- rations of bacon hogs after they have duction of 3,819 pounds of 4.2 per attained the age of about three cent milk, a higher butter-fat test, months. At this time it may safely trul^, than the fourteen in tiie first Just the other day I received a let- 1 ter from a mother which was a cry for help. "My boy, John, has been taking money from my pocket-book. What shall I do? I do not want him to grow up a thief." Alas I this mother is not the only one with such a problem ; unfortunate- ly there are many parente who at some time or another are confronted with this same unpleasant experience. The mother facing the problem must take drastic measures to break off a habit which should not have been al- lowed to form and to teach the prin- ciple of "Mine and Thine". Whipping will not do it; more patient and pains- taking methods are required. Laughingly we often say: "What's mine is my own, and w:hat'S yours is mine, too." This expression is all right as a joke, but it is all wrong when we put it into practice. Yet so many young married people prac- ly the same age, or if it consists of , forms a part of the general pasture cut-over land which is beginning to and the cattle move freely from one sprout or seed in itself, an examlna- to the other. In some sections of the tion of the underbrush and forest floor ^ province, large tracts of cut-over, will be instructive to the man who is , hardwood land are purchased as mi interested in the betterment of his | "ranch" for the purpose of pasturing bush. On the ground, beneath the young cattle in the summer. Such larger trees, if these are present, is a large areas, of course, consisting as thick network of young growth rang- [ they often do of inferior hardwoods,^ ing in size from a matoh to a whip- 1 are not under discussion in this* Then comes a day when she fusses gtalk. These are the children of the article, but where the farmer has a because the children do not take carej forest and on them, just like the chil-j '«w acres of good bush, and is proud of their toys, do not pick them up, do ^^en in any community, depends the ' of it and wishes to give it a chance not realize that they have money | future of the woodlot. Beneath these so that it will continually provide him value. But why should they? Those ^jg ^n accumulation of forest debris I with fuel and an odd stick of timber, things are common property â€" there is made up of leaves of successive sum- ! he should keep the cattle out. Where, no sense of personal responBlbility. mere, droppings of twigs and pieces [ however, the wood lot consists of & If John can take Mary's things of bark, pressed down by snow of ^ number of acres, and where it might without leave or license, and she can . many winters. This layer, which is prove a hardship to fence it entisely take his, and Mother can do the same^ often called duff, serves as a mulch to^ from cattle, a plan ahould be adopted with Father's, what's the difference the forest trees. On top it is coarse whereby a small section is given over if they take Mother's? The children and irregular but as it neara the to cattle and the remainder is fenced be introduced and gradually increased group, but the profit over feed cost until it comprises upwards of 60 or, was only 114.08 or 8.8 cents per pound 60 per cent of the meal ration as the of fat produced. As three-year-olds, hog approaches marketable weight j they averaged 4,173 pounds milk, 3.9 In comparison with com for the ^ per cent, fat in 286 days or 2,648 i tice it. Thn wife assumes that the feeding of market hogs it has given pounds less than did the first group of 1 home is absolutely hers, and her hus- 0.11 of a lb. lower daily gain per hog ^ fourteen, and the profit was only 1 band's things are gradually pushed There'should be no appropriating of and cost 0.26 of a cent more per lb. $22.07 or 13.5 cents per pound of fati aside. If she wante to use any of his ^^g another's belongings without a re- of gain in reeding tests recently con- 1 one cent less than the first group of belongings â€" tools, handkerchiefs, slip- quest and a "thank you." The form- ducted at three Dominion Experi- , two-year-olds. In their four-year-old, pers, or even his razor â€" she takes jj,g ^f tjjjg habit will require persist- mental Farms in Eastern Canada. The form (in 290 days), they averaged j them, regardless of the value he ent patience on the part of the adult deductions drawn from these tests, 4,799.6 pounds of milk testing 3.9 per; places on them. Occasionally he pro- members of the family are old enough now to know that money buys candy, money will get admission to the movies, money is needed for that "tweeny-weeny" doll or those marbles down at tha comer store. They have seen Mother pay for the things she bought at the store. So now, not having any money of their own, they take it out of :the pocketbook which belongs to Mother, but which to their way of thinking is a family affair. Each member of the family should understend and should practice the principles relating to ownership ground it becomes finer and richer oit for recuperation. In the protected until it mixes with the virgin soil. ' part the young tree growth will come This is Nature's seed bed, her store- ' on uninterrupted, additional seed will house for food, her reservoir for mois- germinate, the forest floor will be pro- ture. If the forest floor is therefore , tected and the woodlot will take on a destroyed, the children of the forest: much healthier and more natural ap- aro killed, food is not permitted to pearance.â€" Canadian Forest and Out- accumulate and moisture is denied doors. HUMAN NATURE IN HENS =^ For the summer vacation there are few more diverting recreations than studying animals. And to observe ani- mal nature you need not go far afield anyone to notice instances in which hens act like the higher biped§. They are snobbish. If you introduce a new hen to a flock, the older residente will at once attack her; and until she has proved her qualities she will be kept away from the feed box at least until the old-timers have had their fill. At night she will not be permitted to roost among the native daughters, but must flnd a peg apart in the slum When the . , «v â-  ' " - ---"â-  ' i.i«.u«r» ui u.i<= ia.,^.j. A penalty. or be equipped with expensive appar- , corner of the henhoude. ,. ..^.. w.- with swine were as follows: 1. That, cent fat, gave a total profit over feed tests, sometimes emphatically, but mieht be imuosed for every infringe- atua. It is enough to use your eyes fl^gij jg roaming in the fields she will bacon hogs are capable of making | cost of $26.67 or 14.2 cents per pound slU^tly greater gains on corn. 2. of fat produced. The increase shown That pound for pound, barley has a, by Group 1 over Group 2 in this per , . ^ __ ^_^ continues to treat his things as though slightly lower feeding value than com. iod was 2,438.7 pounds milk, $29.90 1 they were her own. He statesf his ob ! "" ^ „^ „a^o.p»r^ «rHpl» 8. That barley-fed hogs are more in profit over feed cost, and 5.8 cents jections less and less strenuously until Ti ♦' necessary arucie. evenly fleshed. " ~ "' ' . «-«+ t hogs give a su; more often to gently for her to realize merit of the 'rule. " I and ears near home. There is much' be "cut" and left to scratoh for her- his justification in doing so, and she| „- course each child should have'<» *•« learned about all the barnyard; ggif. ^ut if she finds a good place for L > 4. That barley-fsd per pound of butter fat Ton cows in he ceases ; he consoles himself by nay- i ., ___,,:„_,._* _ -4~nl, perior quality of bacon, j Group 1 would give more profit as ing, "She does not interfere at ^7 „„i^ Zh^„h^ ^^11 an allowance out of which he must| i".^ab>tante.^«><^ *J»_^_.â„¢f^^^^^^ purchase some necessary article. At first the amount should be small and j^t of them, perhaps because they are the claim" most irritating, are the hens. < luck. For 6. That home-grown barley can be fed more economically than corn (gener- ally an Imported feed). It Alight be well to emphasise the laiportance of using home-grown feeds for economical production under prce- •Dt market conditions. Barley can be universally gro<wn. is a relativdy heavy ylelder, and ts particularly well mited for adding to the raHona of cattle, sheep, and swine where a car- bonaceous £sed Is required. aa soon as they discover her. They are the most widely distribut- But in time of fear or trouble hens,' ed of all the domesticated animals, for like human beings, are likely to forget VALUE OP SELECTION ON MILK PRODUCTION COSTS. During the late summer the major- tlgr of the cows on tha well-managed dairy farm are nearing the end of i time is far too low. . ij_ tv i_ X , , ^ â-  J T L.. â- . ,.. example, when he first enters school, _ . . _ four-year-olds than twenty-one cows place of business and I ought not to .^ ^Z^t be well to insist that he pay! they are found in almost every part their social distinctions. If at the end in Group 2. This shows that the av- object to what she does at home, for j ^^^ ^j^ ^^^ pencils As he grows' of the globe that is inhabited by hu- of the day the flock finds that the wind erage heifer in this case with a pro- that is her place of business." But he ^j^^^. ^^^ ^^ j^.^^^ ^^ ^ ^jj^^ ^^^ ^J ^^^ beings, among the savages of has shut the henhouse door and that duction of over 5,000 pounds of milk, keeps his treasures at the of, let and j^^ ^^^^ y^j^^ increase his allowance little-explored regions as well aa in they must seek shelter under a buaji, .. . tw«.v«.,-»M <. 11 n ~., â„¢,»'.i..u ^^^ allowance should not be [the back yards of civilization. Even they will all huddle together, imml- and by the children <=?â- ""â- ' "gomethinir for nothinir." Each child the families who make their homes on grants and native stock, without dls« a two-year-old is 110 per cent. 'club. superior to the average heifer below { By 6,000 pounds at the same ag* | Mother punishes John when he ohjrctsi ^^^^"hiive certain duties about the Conridering the fact that the aver- to Mary's taking his toys. "I lyiot ^^ performance of which will MS pwduct^on ef milk f rom .11 cows kind and generous" she tells ^ini.l ; ^.^^^^ ^.^^ allowance, and the in Canada is less than 4,000 pounds. When Mary cries because John has ^, ^^j^^ ^;„ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^j^,,. per year, something must be done to taken her prized plaything, the ^'ttle °» j^ . .^ bring up the average and cut down girl is punished for being sulky and| ^ the number of unprofitable producers, selfish. Grandmother gives John a | Thus the child learns that money By adopting a reasonable standard toy, but Mother acts as if the gift j is obtained by rendering service, that upon which to base our selection, we had been made equally to the two ; each member of a family has work to may materially decrease the cost of children. In every way she kills in ' do, if the house is to be a home, and milk production and increase the ^ them that natural instinct for pride that respect for the rights of others is the canal and river barges of Europe crimination, keep hens. .\mong hens as among human be- Hens have been associated with man ings the strongest and boldest rule. It for a long time; they are mentioned there is a rooster, his leadership Is in some of the oldest texts. Many of accepted without a dissenting squawkj, their trSita are so like those of human but if all are hens, there is sure to b« Isbbor income which at the present one of' the first rules of life. beings that certain observers have concluded that a hen on the highroad is the ultimate symbol of human nature. a fight to determine who is to be ths social arbiter. In picking roosting places for the night hens observe • system of rank as rigid as that of a POULTRY During warm weather It is highly important that special attention be glrsn to the water supply of both hens aad young chickens in order to Insure â- a abundant supply of clean, cool water at all times. Growtt aad egg production are both severely handicapped when the water supply is Insufficient An easy way to handle the summer watering problen where running water Is available is to run a line of half -inch pipe out to the range, letting it lie right on the ground. Branch liaeii may be ran to taeh section of the range or, if deelred, to each eol- oay house. If the pipes are laid in a deep far- row and covered the water will be kept much oeeler than if thay are left above ground, yet there will be no serious inconvenience when the time comes for taking the pipes up in the fall. A simple and cheap watering trough for Hm range may be made by soldering a 'iat piece of tin or gal- vanized iron to ea«h end of a seetkm A feature of the Canadian exhibit of rain gutter or eavestrou^ at tbo British Empire Exhibition is a When one Is attempting to keep the modd, made entirely of butter, of the maeh consumption of a flock of hens ' Prince of Walea standing outside his in .'onie dpflnite relation to the grain ! Canadian ranch house. Two and a consumption, as for instance equal half tons of butter were required for qu.intities by weight he may find It' this model. It is conUined in a very riifrcu'.t to measure the results and fine refrigerator cabinet and attracts I..1 just iiow wen he la su cc eed in g, an unusual amount of attention. Especially is this true when dry mash , Is hopper fed and is constantly avail- able to the hens. Two ways of accomplishing the ob- ject are In -use by careful poultrymen. One is to weigh out the approximate quantities of grain and mash needed! for a week with the expectation that the two mixtures will become exhaus- ted at the same time. Any surplus that remains may be weighed back at the end of the week. Another method Is to use grain and mash supply boxes on the inside of which have been marked scales to, Indicate at a glance just how much feed is in the box. When mash Is fed j in large hoppers ths scale may be marked on the inside of the hopper ite^. With the facts at hand week by week and necessary variation may be made In the quantity of scratoh feed given daily in order to keep the de- sired ratio of grain to mash. Sun and light make for sanitation in the pig sty. TT ^1. i _ u !» • t dipiomatiL- dinner in London. If a However that may be, it is easy for "^ . , . . . , .. ^ pariah ventures to push in among the . aristocrats on the top roost, the others^ : peck her until she returns to her pre^ per station. Once the hen leader has been chosen i there is little insurgency, but let the : social boss weaken and woe unto her I A rival is always ready to take her ' place. And In eliminating competitors : hens are most businesslike. If a hen feels under the weather or is injured, \ there is none so magnanimoun a» to refrain from giving her a stab. If she ] disappears for a time to hatch a brood, ' she must give a strict account of her. ' self upon her return. But no mattM how meek a hen has been she wlQ when she becomes a mother defy thf queen of the flock in defence of hat young. Similar new courage has ' noticed in human mothers. -fr A Prtyer. UNE Finding the routine of city office life uncongenial, four young men from ; Giasgow, who were college chums to- getlier. have set out to Jointly try con- cl'iflors with fcrtune In Canada's broeJ fiEcci I Of acts ranting from 29 to 21. tiio young adventurers Frederick S. Binnie, Walter Mortimer. James C. Fleming, and Norman J. M'Oaw sall- el from LlTeri:ool for the Dominion recently on the Canadian Pacific S. S. "Mont:oyal." as third class pasjengcrs. Educalc.l at tUe Feltca Co'.lsse. Kdln- burfeh. they wcrkel for £o:ns months in trtcckbrokers" aad shipplag offire* in Glasgow, but found a clerical occn patioD unpalatable. Each of them ee- cured £100 capital from his parents before starting cut on their venture, sud they will travel right through Canada froai Quebec to Vancouver. Al! four are fine bpeciinents of ycung S(o!3. and they expect to take up firming or fruit grtiwing in the vest If I have faltered more or In my great task of happiness ; U I have moved among my race And ehown no glorious morning face; If beams from happy human eyes Have moved me m^t: If morning skies. Books, and my food, and summer rain Knocked on my sullen heart In vain; I/ord. thy most pointed pleasure tafes^ \nd stab my spirit wide awaka â€" Robert bouls Stspbeason. ♦â-  â€" â€" â€" If the slate in the pig creep ai« placed vertically instead of horizontal- ly, the crwp can be used without changing until the pigs are much o'.dcr- ''^^