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COMMON DISEASES OF BUSH FRUITS BY W. H. RANKIN, PH. D., DIVISION OF BOTANY, EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. CURRANT. 'Leaf-Spots. There are three common leaf-snot diseases of currant found practically throughout the currant-growing re- gions of North. America. Two of rtiese diseases, the Mycosphaere'.la leaf-spot, and Anlhracncse, are diffi- cult to distinguish one from the other. The third, angular leaf-spot, is more easi-ly distinguished. Symptoms and Development. The Mycosphaerel'.a leaf-spot, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella Grossulariae (fr.) Lind. ofteir causes tha foliage of red and white currants to drop. T'le spots are small and brown and appear on both sides of the leaf. When fully developed the .-;>:;-; are about one-eighth of an itch in diameter and the centre of each becames lighter brown. The leaves carry the foogus over winte r and produce the spores which cause infec- tfon the following spring. Other spores are teemed on the leaves dur- ing the spring and summer and serve to spread tha infection, especially during damp cloudy weather. The leaf-spot, which has commonly tr-pii called an f hr?.cnose, is caused by the fungus Pseudopeziza Rlbis Kle- bahia, but is difficult to distinguish from tho Mycoiphaerella leaf-spot. The size amd color of the spot en the leaves are similar. As a general rule, however, the spots are smaller, dark bro-wn and, largely confined to tae upper surface of the leaf. The leaves often turn yellow and drop. In fta case of this disease, the fungu.s also affects the petioles, young canes, fruit stalks and berries. The spot- ting on the fruit is minute and re- see-mbies f"y-3pecking. On the fruit- sta.'.ks large dirk-cclored spots are formed. The fungus is carried over winter in the de.ul leaves and in the spots on the young canes. The first infection in the spring comes from th^se EOUTC3.3 and then during the growing X?asou other spores are dis- tributed from tho new spots. The angular leaf-spot is caused by the iwagus Cerccspora angulaia Win- ter. The spots although small are ;uigular in outline. They are iTiioky- ook>rexl on the under surface and lighter Uhuu the surrounding tissue- on i<ia upper surface. Control of Leaf-Spots. It is advisable to attempt the de- s true t ten of tha leaf refuse from the plants hy plowing or otherwise, or iottea- by collecting and burning all refus-e, In order to reduce the amount of early spring infection. This must be done before the new leaves came out in the spring. The destruction of the old leaves will not, 'however, bo complete enough in any casa to avoid some infection and It is only a measure which will assi-st iu obtain- iiig the majciui'uni results from spray- ing or dusting. The leaf-ptt disease may be con- trolled rffectively by spraying with *Mier Bordeaux mixture 3-5-40, or oomrac-rciai lime sul.phur 1-32 or 1-40. Sulphur dust (.90 parts sulphur and 10 parts of lead) has been shown to be eiu.dly effective, in experiments cairried on in eNw York State. Whioh- var spraying solution or dust is used, the thoroughness and time of its ap- plication are most important. The ' schedule us'uoiliy recommended la as follow*-. Make tho first application us the leaves are unfolding. This should be followed by four or five ap- plications at intervals of ten to twen- ty cluy* T-lie length of the interval between successive spraying uius,t be toft to <aie grower with tli general *dvlce that, sihouild the weather ba moist and cloudy, not m'ore Mian ten daya should elapse between sprayings. On the othr haad if tt is dry, the next spraying may bo delayed Sor twenty <lays. Two important results are accomplished in controlling these leaf diseases; first, the maximum fruiting of the bueihes is insured by keeping the leaves healthy, and sec- ond, the l-eaves are retained on the bushes until the normal time for fall- tag, thus insuring the proper matur- ation of the new growth and thus avoiding winter injury. Europsan Cur.xint Rust. The fungm Cronartiuiu ribicola F. de VVald, which causes the blister rust on white pine and other flve- t\eedl pines, bas its summer ad autumn staigoa on the leaves of cur- rants and gooseberries. This fungus was originally confined to EJurop* but withto the last ten or twenty years it lim become widely established; in eaipe-trn Un.lt ed States and Oan>a,da. It is now commonly found upon cur- itatttB and gooseberries in .tliis ire- gion bot ifortumately K does very lit- tle injury to these plants even wihen Infection to ewer*. The grower of five-needled pines, by keeping onr- mute an ooweberri8 at a dit*ixce ot ttuw to five Jtundrwd yvrto tnxa. be rMMODaMy Injured *ttcktn bis pin^s*. On the othr hand, the grower of currants and gooseberries ais no such nieana ot avoiding the rust since it spreads on these plants over much greater distances. By keeping five-needle pines at as great a distance aa possible from the cur- rants and gooseberries a degree of coatrol may be obtained. Spraying has ben fcmnd to be of little value in controlling this rust. American Powdery Mildew. The powdery mi'.dew which occurs on gooseberries is sometimes found on currants. There is some indica- tion, however, that the currant mil- dew occurs on currants only and ttiat iafieotion does not take place from gooseberry to currant and vice versa. The appearance of the two mildews are identical, as is their control. See the descriptions and control measure* given under gooseberry mildew. Cane Blight or Wilt. The disease which becomes impor- tant at times is caused by tha fun- gus, Botryo-spiiaeria Ribid Gros. and Dugg-ar. The most conspicuous symptom Is the sudden wilting and dying of parts or whole bushes. This u&tially occurs after elongation growth has ceased. The tips of the cajies die and tho leaves turn browri and fall. The wilting is causing by fungus which grows in tlie pith, wcoJ and bark at some distance below the parts tha.t wilt. The fungus forms spores on the dead parts. There is no coatrcl known at present for this disease. The most careful eradica- tion" of diseased busies in summer and winter has failed to control it. Root-Rots. The root diseases cl ctirraat are little understood at present. Where thy are troublesome it can only be suggested that affected planrs should be du; and destroyed. Th space should be left blank and if lifting til* diseased plants does not prevent i*he trouble spreading to adjacent plants, tfae practice of lifting adjacent healthy plants for about two feet away from the diseased plar. ;.; would be adivsabie. The fungi causing root-rots usually live over in the soil for some time and thus make control difficult. American Gooseberry (Powdery) Mildew. Ths mildew is serious en European v1iTietie*f American varieties are seldom badly affected by it. The ii'.lldcv,- fh-it makes its Bippearauce on the lower parts iu May or June. It is at first a whitish mouldy gro-wth ' which later becomes rust brown. All j parts of line bathes are affected in- . eluding the berries. A dwarfing a.r.d j dls.torting effect is produced when ' the young canes and new lerves ere ! attacked. The berries are dwarfed I and may crack open. The mildew is very difficult to con- ' trol. Even the most persistent ef- forts often fail. Throughness and the frequency of oppiieatioai are very important. Potassium sulphate (liver of sulphur) one ounce to two gallons is the usutrf seluticn used^ Ccmrner- ciaJ liiu-e-su'.iMiur, 1 to 22 iixs also been foimid to be satisfactory. It w held to be better to use lime-sulphur for the earlier s-praytngs .and then to substitute potassium sulphite at the tj'me tbre is danger ot spotting the berries. Either of the solutions must be applied so that the under sur- faces of Uae leaves a-re coated, and the Interior foliage of the bush must ba reached. The first application sboukl be made just as the buds burst and the subsequent applications at intervals of seven to ten days until at loaist five applications are made. Further applications depend upon the success c-f the treatment and the sea- son. 'Shading the rows is said to lessen, the amount of mildew. The sitade must b available early In the season. Leaf -Spot. The leaf-spot cause/d Mycospnaere;- la Grossu'.ariae is more severe on gooseberries than on currants, in that defoliation .may a-osu'.t before the fruit matures. The disease may be eas- ily controlled by following the schedules outlined for leaf-spots r.f currant. European Rust. Gooseberries are an alternate hcst tor the futtgus, causing white pine glister rust. The discussion under currant rus-t apples to gooseberries aa well. Gooseberries are less heav- ily affected than currants aa a rule, aowi no ini'iterte,! .injury is caused. Cluster-Cup Rust. The ordinary yellow or cluster-cup rust which is so oonwuon everywhere on wild gooseberries sometimes oc- curs on cultivated varieties. Liittle injury is caused except wtoere an oc- casional attack may cause defoliation. The wmter tae of this flungus oc- curs on <toe two sedges Carex acuta and C. Goodenovtt. The ony con- trol tneworo taowu waare thte rust may be troubleaome to ho emdos.tion 'A. woman's fondest hope is to stay young. She often resortl to paints, powders and cosmetics to hide her years. Some women pay large sums to so-called "Beauty Doctors" in the belief that money will buy youth. Others wear girlish dresses, thinking they can fool the world about their age. But no one is deceived. Tha more you try to hide your age, the more it shows. There is but one thing that holds old age back, and that is health. Sickness and weakness bring old age early in life. Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription is a building-up medicine for women. It makes them healthy and strong when they suffer from women's troubles. It keeps them looking young by keeping them well. It is a woman's tonic for the frail, the delicate and those who are nervous, dizzy and who have backache and "dragging down." Some women took it years ago and have felt younger and well ever since. Doctor Pierce's Favorite Prescription is altogether vegetable and without a particle of alcohol. It is safe to take. Try it noiv. In tablet or liquid form at all druggists, or send ten cents for trial pagkage of the tablets to Dr. Pierce's Invalids' Hotel in Buffalo, N. Y., or branch in Bridgeburu, OnL of the two sedges from tha vicinity of the patch. Raspberry and Blackberry, Escept for yellows or leaf-curl and cane blight the more important dis- eases of the raspberry occur on Wack- berriea as well. Crown-Gall. Crown-gall caused by Bacterium tumoiUciens E. F. Sm. and Towns. is probably the m-oet serious diseaae o raspberries and blackberries. The tree fruits, like peach and apple al- though c?m:n / >nly aftectcd, do rot suffer nearly so much firom tills dis- ease as these two bush fruits. Knou are formed on the roots and at ttie ground level which often result in the death of the plant. Knotty ex- crescences are also formed on the cone. The only conitrol measures konwn are to dig and destroy the af- fected bus.!:e.s. These truits are planted so close that iraipid spread in the patch may be expected if the dis- eased r/onts zr not UU B out. lit is advisable tJ discard all bushes when planting which show signs of swelling on the roots or canea. A WOMAN'S RIGHT 10 G990 HEALTH MOST TROUBLES AFFLICTING WOMEN ARE OUE TO POOR BLOOD. To every woman belongs tfiie tt> enjoy a haU'jhy, active We; yet uaiie out of ten suffer from some form ci trioodltBenetis. Ttkt Is wtoy one -?; on every ,-ri ' pale, thin c&eoks, dull eyes and drooping lurew SILTB eljpna ct hoadiaaass, weak biiclcs, ec-Wcg limbs aa-d uncer- \xtin h..'l.h. A.,1 weak wonvcn sluulJ win .the rlgiu to be weti by refresh- ing Itueir weary bodies wiltSi tQie now, riniv, red b'.ocd diieit prcanpUy tians- forma teiani into liea'.Cfliy attractive women. Th new, red. blcod is sup- plied by Dr. Williams' Pdnk Pills, wlvicfa teaches every organ and ever}' n*irve in Hie body. 'ITirough tlh us of thetse pHiiS ttoocjsands of women Siuv fMuid basietit wiien sinffeirtng fi-otu oaii:ieimia, ind-igeeSion, 'general aaid tih'jso aiimects from ^vclnln. alone suiffer. Among tile mony women who tc 1 of the goal Dr. WiT.uaanti' Pink PiUls have d-one tihwu is lire. L. Hicks. Round 1-m:. N. S., who saj-s: "1 bscuane very mwoh, run dowa in heeltih; my biooU seemed weOik and watwy, my strength ftulwd, and I was so e-aisily tared lihat my work was a burc'itu. I 3vad oSten rend ubout Dr. wnitainw' Pink Pills aial decided w> try UhieaiK amd I cam truly suy tiat after using three boxe I itouud myself gaiiii'jng, an.d uowier a Ourtfher rase of the piV.s ail luy old- time nerEY a:id vliaQJty was reaitored. Out of my own experience I can strongly recommiemd tills medicine." You coin get Dut \VH>Mums J Pink Pffla UirousSi any dealer iai nved'toine or oy mail 1 at 50 oemte a box r aix boxea tor $2.50 ft-cm The Dr. \Vil- ' Medicine Co N 'BrockvCe. THE Wi3E AND THE fOOLISH VIRGINS. Lesson iviatt. 25: 1-13. Golden Text "Watch, therefore, for ye know not the day nor the hour" (Matt. 25: 13). Historical Setting. Time. April, A. D. 30. Place. Mount of Olives. The Le-sson Text. 1 Then shall the Kingdom of i heaven be likened unto ten virgins. who took their lamps, and went forth ta meet the bridegroom. 2 And tfve of them were foolish, and ttvo were wise. 3 For the foo:ish, when they took their Tamps, took no oil with them: 4 but the wise took oil in their vessels wtth their lamps, 5 Now while the briUegcoom tar- ried,, -they all siuinbered and slept. 6 But at midnight there is a cry. Behold, ths bridegroom!! Come ye forth to meet him. 7 Then all uhose virgins ftroses and trimmed their lamps. 8 And the foolish said unto the wUe, Give us of your oil; for our lamjM are gone out. 9 But the wise answered, saying, Poradventare there will not be enough for us and you: go ye rather to them that seli, and buy for your- selves. 10 Ar.d while they wer.t away to buy, the bridegroom came; and they that were ready went in with him to the marriage feas-t; a,nd the door was shut, 11 Afterward came also the oiht>r virgins, saying, Lord, Lord, open to us. 12 But he answered and said, Ver- WOOL MARKET REPORT. While Canadian ini'Ue are still Lug foe inunedilaite nec^U, there ds evi- dence of a broadening of thei" de- mand. There also > oears to be more action to the wool market in generaJ, iu sympathy with Hie better ton to other business. Quotations for Canadian wools are unchanged, as follows : Fine Western, 27c; fine medium Western, 28c; medium Western, 25c a.nd 26c; low medium, 21o and t3; low (juorter Western, 17c and 18c; clothins woote, 20c end 23; Elastera. 2So; lCn-"t>Tii. 24. Night aud Mornicg. HaM Clean, Healthy Eyet, If they Tire, Itch, Smart or Burn, if Sor*;. \M.,. ,T~rV/rC Irritated, Infiarmxi r I OUR tYt^Granulated,useM-jrir^ often. Soothes. Refreshes. Safe for In;'am cr Adult At all Druggists and Opticians. ft" rite for Free Eve Book. Mutoc Lrt fteoaty Ct. CJuw In 1918 the milk and cream expert- ed from Canada had a value of 15,862,- 976. During the 12 months ended March 31 last the value of these ex- ports was $10,216,861. Cocx's Cotton Root Compotmd X-ray photograph's of hands ot criminals have been proposed as a more certain method of identifica- tion than flugo.r printing. A "/, reli medicine. Sold in Win '.< groea of strength No. t, Jl; No. 2. $3; No. 3, $5 per boi. Sold by all drupci^ts, or Rent prepaid on mvipt of price. Froa pumplil'u AJdrcsar THE COOK MEDICINE CO, TORONTO, CHI. (faaii't Wlii.tr } The Massachusetts Minimum \Vage Board has handed down a decision granting scrub womn a minimum wage of $15.49 per week. This is at tlie rate of '37 cents an hour, fixed o a ba,sis of 42 hours' employment week- ly. PHOSPHODINE. if Gnat English Preparation. T.OIMI and invigorates the whole nervous system, mikes new Blod III old Veins, Used for Nervous ! ! . JOebiljty. Mental aai Brain Wa-ry. DtsponJtncy. Los* of Energy. Kpjfitalioa of the Heart, failing Mtiaan. Price-tent box.). for $5. Sold by all druggist*, or miilftf ' . en receipt f price. f'-y I say unto you, I know you not. 13 Watch therefore, for ye know not the day nor the hour. Comments. Verse 1. In most cf the kingdom parables the present tense is used be- cause dealing with the after life. There is no especial significance at- tached to the number ID. Asiatic cit- ies were utterly dark on dark nights. One who went forth was required to carry a light. Processions such as this are still features of eastern wad- dings: Verse 2. That which made the difference between the two was the prudence forethought on the pan of the wise and the lack cf preps ration on the part of thf foolish. Versa 3. The fooii^h ha<? oil in their lamps when they started, but their oil failed and their light went out, and they did not renew it. Many impulsive Christiana are -like this. Verse 4. The wiss seemed to have carjiderei as uncertain the time wlic-a the bridegroom would make his appearance. The main point was ta be ready fcr ail pos&ible contingen- cies. We know not when the Lord may corns, but i: makes little differ- ence If we are prepared for His com- ing. Verso 5. Bofc, wise and faoash, they all ".slumbered and slept.'' This indicates our ignorance as to the time of tha coming of Christ. Verse 6. Figuratively, midnight represents th time of the jjeccnd coming and the resurrection of the dead. Verse 7. Of course.-, the lamps had been burning all the time tii-e virgins had been waiting, in order that they might be ready a,tJJie inieresting mo- ment. Verse 8. la the presence of judg- ment and tiie final test comes the revelation of preparedness and ua- prepare-dneiss. Hasty and delayed efforts toward adjustment are not en- couniged by this parable. Verse 9. Tha wise gave the best possible advice, but it was too I? to tor rhe foolish to comply with it. Verse 10. The foolish waited in unpr^pareuness. Verse 11. It is probabie that the foofeU cam* wfthout oil, hc-ping for admission and looking for mercy. Their plight was their own fault. \>ne 12. Chri&t knows those who are worthy to be kaown. Verse 13. la every important sense the Son of man :s coming to every hour of the day. But the time of His final coming nobody knows. Bvery true Christian lives so as to be ready at any time. Illustrated Truth. The most valuable things m Me w.orld are the intangible ones which can not be borrowed or loaned (v. 9). Illustration. At tha beginning of the college rear young Singleton at- t ached himself to one of the best Cudents in his class and claimed him tor a rooounate. "What did you do that for?" one of his friends asked. "Jordaji isn't one of your sort. You can't count on him for any laj-lcs." 'No," Singleton rejoined, with a wink, 'but he's th kind that always has full notes of the lectures, and they ara easy to read." Stni^etcn had his arks, and he copied has roommate's notes, but hn couldn't borrow Jor- dan':, wall-trained braLu. When tt canw to a practical test, he was a loihire. Topics for Research and Discussion. I. The Wide and Foolish Virgins (.vs. 1-4 >. 1, Where was Jesus when :e t-iught tliis .parable? 2. How did ancient Asiatic <dt!es contrast with our cities as to lighting? 3. Can you describo an Oriental weddiivg pro- cession? 4. AVhat was the chief dif- ference between the wise virgins and ie foolish? 5. How do the focl- h. virgins compare with excitable, impulsive Christians? 6. How did the wis-o virgins show their wisdom? II. Preparation and Naglect (.vs. 5-9). 7. What is the bearing of this parable upon the time of Christ's coming? 8. What grea.t. day wi'l re- veal preparedness or the lack of It? 9. It men knew thu next week would conie the final judgment, how wou'ld they act meaavhale? 10. Why should knowledge of an immediate judg- :nent inaXe any difference in con- duct? III. Rewacd and ruimhrne-nt (vs. 10.13). 11. W-hicfli is the greater in- centive' to rlgli/t living, desire for re- ward or fear of punishment? 12. \Vhat Ijs'ariag h.is this parable upon waltinc till dtxuh approarfiss before rtiBMfclns? 13. How hovid all Christians live? C .-' T:ri Man As Ship-Master. Tlic steamship Yarmouth has the distinction of being the only vessel ownl a.nd manned exclusively by colored men. She is the property of the University Negro Improvement A?ociait.ion, which numbers among its members negroes from all over thi country. Thi-rteen hundred of her owners recently inspected the vessel on a visit which she made to the port of Boston. The French government has or- ganized motor laboratories wtiich test wella and other supplies- of drink- ing water on the INE WHITEST, LIGHTEST FINANCIER SOUNDS OPTIMISTIC NOTE PRESIDENT'S HOPEFUL WORDS AT MEETING OF MONTREAL BOARO OF TRADE. An optimistic note, was sounded by Mr. George Sumner, toe veteran president of the Montreal Board of Trade, at the annual meeting, when Mr. Simmer gave bis valedictory. "The outlook at Hie preeeat ino- men-l." said ilr. Summer In hi ad- dress, "is possibly not as Uri^fct aa usual a.t this season. Nevertheless, my feeling is liiat we ought not to be discouraged, tor from information which has come into my possession recently, merchan'_s a-re quite hope- ful of the dutiure. Moreover, we had splendid crops last year, cotton mills have plenty of orders and n many other lines there is not lacking evi- dence of an early retura 4.0 normal conditions. The present is a tome for caution, hard work, increased pro- duction, and an unshakable confi- dence in Uiis Canada of ours. We have done well in the past We are jf all Uungs Canadians, and, as Can- -. we muat and wilk succeed." **>> ^ 7s Yoar Nose Plugged ? Have Yoa Catarrh ? ; I ,, If Subject to Colds, Here is Real Good Ad*--ce. Don't load your stomach wittj ceugli syrup. Send heaiiflg iueitka>tlon through Die noBtrite send it into <li efiagies iSiat are subject >t cotds aaul cataorli. Baay to do flb*j with Catarrhozone, wjiioh cart*, a cold in ten miinu'tea. Even to tte '.unes goes the toeiliug vapor of Catarrhozone all cJiroiK<i ho bronchiai tubes, nos- wtfe and air paeea^es everywhiece a. ;sxu5e of disease remains will Gaiarrti- ozone fo'.Sorw, You'll not have colds, nor wll you suffer flrom sniffles, ondiitiB. or riinjttt trouble if Ca- tEimhozc*ve id <ueed. <irt *l today. Iwt bnvare of d-uugenMi* meant to deceive yoi (or Oat>airhozone. Large siee, two treatment, coat $1.00; email ize. 60c; satniJix*> size, 25c; ail dealers or Tha Catarrh ozone Go., Kingston. Canada. An inventor has sonnecjed & pair of globular floats that support a per- son in water with a double crank which, when revolved, draws a user forward. In Cliina women drees less ertarava- iliiui tile :r.<.'ii. ONE WOMAN'S EXPERIENCE Of Interest to Chi; dies* Women. Toronto, Ontario. "I suffered fora long time from a female weakness, in- flammation, and a terrible backache caused by that condition. One day one of your booklets was left at my door, and I read how other women witli troubles like mine had been made well, so I got g bottle of Lydia E. Pinkliam'sVegetablte Comccund and a package of Sanative Wash, and it helped me wonderfully, and I now have the finect little baby boy that any mother cculd want. I want to recommend Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege- table Compound to any womn who has female troubles. " Mrs. JOSEPH LA. BELLA, 773 Shaw Street, Tor&nto, On- tario, Canada. , The expertence*bf Mothejhpod is a trying one to most women ayiid marks distinctly an epoch in their I$es. Not one woman in a hundred K prepared or understands how to property care for herself. Every woman at this time should rely upon Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, a most valuable tonic and invigorator of the female organism. In many homes once cbildleM there are now children because of the fact that Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound makes women normal. healthy and strong, and this good fashioned root and herb remedy taina no narcotics or harmful