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'3i< CURRENT COMMENT Not Wealth But Welfare. -m Willie It i« salil that the r.ml Ktril.i- ha-, boon R.'tilfd, It is nop.->Rsiir.v to reniemlKtr that u majority of tlip coal niiiicrs v.ere in fuvor of a atrilu: und only the lark of a two-thirds \oti' proventod the precipitation of one of tin- sreateHt indiiRtrlal htruKKles the world !i;i:i over ticrn, the end of which no one could foretell. The idea of the uatioiiullzation of the coal mines lius taken stronK hold of the iniHKlnatioii of lln^ luincrii, and it is to b«> foared that it ij not the benefit of the country tliat llipy hiive in vli^w, so much a.s an expected* iinprovetncut in thoir own positions. It is the gre;ite.st err;r that the labor inan who has not studied the matter sutlers from to think that because a few men ar.' very rich from private ownordhlp, therefore the dis- tribution of thl.: wealth would make everyone well-to-do. A rich man should be Juilged by the use he ni:ike-i of his wealth, that Is. by his distribution of it. and not merely by the amount of it. Ilockefeller Is supposed to be the richest man alive, ulthuu);h there Is a woman in China who could buy hlni out If he were willing to soil. They say he has $100,000,000. But even If he had lat/0. 000,000 this would be less than $5 a head of the po|:idation of the I'nited Slates. If it were divided up to-day It would be dissipated to-morrow. Definite objects can be accomplished by a wealthy man with public spirit which the Kovornnient cannot or will not undertake. It may be objected that not all wealthy men are piiblic-spirlled. but the ap- plication of thi.s objection to poor men is etjually valid. Poor men without public spirit are just as injurious to a nation as rich ones of the same lempei:. What is needed in our modern life is loss selfish- ness, lof.s disregard for the common welfare, more willlngnegs to regard the whole nation as a n^'at family, every member of which is entitled to the consideration of the whole family. There may be nauchty children In the family, but that Is usually the fault of the family and not the child. There Is something radically wrong with the family or the nation a ma- jority of whose children are naughty. And that is why there is no much unrest in the world to-day. and why we need a new prin-.iple u\wi\ which io build our reconstructed society. To build on the old foundation with the old material Is merely to repeat our old mistakes and solidify them in a more objectionable system than before. We must work, not for what each of us is to get for lii.s work, but for what wo can contribute to the whol-.i national stock. Then, indeed, we shall be justified in asking for a fare share and division, and as th-jie will be plenty for all, no one will be crudijed .vliat he may possess. DEMPSEY AND CARFENTIER SIGN THE PAPERS Maintaining High Wages. No employer of labor nas gone on record anywhere as advocating re- duction of wages, either now or In the future. Tho arguments for higher wages in the past few years have been conclusive. The wages were granted, and the general sense is that they must be inaintaincd. There is one con- dition, however, and it does not seem unrea-sonable. The wages were ad- vanced In war time, when production was speeded up by the workers with a lUe-and-death consciousness of its importance. The Importance is not less at present, and the stabilizing of wages at a great advance on pre-war rate:? in lieu of the piece-work terms of the war years requires a pi-oportlonale return in production. The proprietor of a small factory had occasion to leave his home for some time and left the factory to run itself. When lie returned he found that the workers had taken their own convenience about their work, and when he figured out the net result and found the place had been run In a hole, he closed It up and locked the door. The worker.s gatlierod and Interviewed him and he explained the position and the accounts. They had not produced enough material, he showed them, to pay thoir own wages, not to speak of what might have been i^xpeited as a return on the invest- ment. When this was understood they iironiised reform, and the proprietor Baid he would reopen the factory on condition that they would pr.iduc;; ac- cording to their ability. They agreed, with the result of turning out from fifty to a hundred per cent, over their slack record. Millions of people are doing what the workers in this fHct')ry were doing and unie'^s there is a reform wages cannot be maintained and commodities cannot be che.ip. It is difficult, however, as long as the political economi.sts preach the law of supply and demand, to get the workers to adopt a practice that dlr-ictly cantradlcts that fallacy. The demand for everything is practically iinllinlted. The supply should enual it. The real problem is di.itribution, and the political oconomlsts by falllug to consider it have created the cults of communism and Uolsbevisin. Home Rule Operates in India. This month the great e.tperiment of Home Rule for India has its be- ginning. It is true that it is but a flight meii.^nre of autonomy that has been granted in comparison with the wide uuiliorit> iwisseKsed by Canada, but It Is admittedly an experiment auioi-.g a people utterl.v^ untried in selfgnvern- menl and inclined by their past history to depend upon paternal attention. Under the new regime this will not bi.- withdrawn and at the t^ame time much encouragement will be given to the new electorate to achieve further liberty and to train their unetifranchised friends to be prepared to lake up these important duties of citizenship. Tlie national <i)nsciouRnes« of India has been awakened in a remarkable way, ju -.1 as we have been fold the national consciousness of China has been awal;ene<l. But this Is the more remarkable in India, inasmuch a:' the religious differiuices of the people are very great. In China people are said to luive three rellKinns, but it w.)uld be eiiually true to say of a British scholar that he had three religions if lie were aa Episcopalian, an evolutionist, and a mystic. A man in the same â- way may be a Budhist, a Confucian und follow L:i ) T7.('. and find no contra diction in his religion.-;, pluto, sophieul :;ii(l devcitisnal idea.s. Hal in India It is different. The Hindu, I)i-ahmaii and the .Mohammedan are as the poles apart in their orthodox religions. Yet Hindu and Mohammedan have joined liands in the National movement iu India. There is unfortunately a dis- sentient sentiment, dissatisfied with the scojie of the Home Rule raea.;ure. and affected or infected by President Wil.son's self-deterininati m theories. not to mention Sinn Keln and B<d3hevlst influences. The»«> are Ir-d by Yandlle. a man of great power of chara<!teT and wide Influence, who is at the head of a potltical boycott movement which is perfectly peai^eful. but .ibso- lutelv deadly in Its effect ilpoii the new legisiutifiii. The objection is to the limited franchise only 5,000,000 out of :'.OO.O00,00, or fHie in sixty, having a vote. It Is believed, however, that the Ilome Hula scheme will receive a trial and that under the law-abiding tende;ic}t;i of the people it v. ill ))rove a suocejs and bo extremely widened in its sciipe b'-forn much time has imssed. ^ Wilson's Posthumous Potentialities. Adhesion to the Democratic ticket of a portion of the Irish and tJeiinar. vote in the United Hlales pri-.siilentlul >'lelcl(iii has debited the linpressior that the coming Republican adniiniritration wi'l be les.s anti-Hritiiih than a Ciix administration would have be^ Tliat renial(is to be wen. .\ higher protective tariff would not necessarily be pro Hritish, and the 'interests'* appear anxious to push the .-ihipirtng legislation thai I'residenI Wilson vetoed. But if men of the type of Kliliu Hoot and llerheil Hoover are included ir. the Harding cabinet we may be assured of .ioniHlIilMg better than favor, i:.nd that is fair-minded and just dealing, wiilih hi\s all the qualities of Portia's mercy and blesses him that gives ami liim that tal:es. The Hepuldlcan parly has recognized al.io that ihe tttsh ((uesilon is no more a mailer for VVash- ington's consideration ilia« Haiti Is for 1.,onii(in'.i. It will be the duty of President Harding, if I'residenI Wilson does not forestall him, to negotiate peace with Germany, uhUms the Cnileil Slates aiMually does want Io ereate a record of having been Uviger in a shite of war willi Cermany Ihan the Allies. President Wilson ha** Ijeen rejected as iVw could iiave aiilieipaled four years ago, and apparently becauue he was iinabb; to educate iiis nation up to his own ideals. He failed Io get Ihe popular ear, hy failinj; to talk .Vuierlcanese. But even among the intelligentsia there had grown up a deep-rooted distrust In him and his methods. Ilis iileallsni will save lii.i reputalion tor later limej, and while he may have a period of abscurit.v like ('Iceland, lie may a!-o like that burly maker of phrases, K<hieve tiie solid admiration of poslority. HREE'S NEW WAY TO GET SERVANTS to Paris Man Promises Marry Successful Applicant. Housewives In ParU, in search iif ^'ip, which Is as costly and an ••luslve hrre as anywhere else, are Interestrd but not encouraged by the e.\|>erlene.' of an Ingenious client of an explov- lur.ni agency In Rue Kocherhouart wlio vast overrun with respondents at th" t.r.-i call, all of theiii ready to promtsi* to Miay permanently. Such luck caa- not be expected by the average de- fpilrlng servant-hunter becau«« In this •a/e the applicant for « maid was a tnii.'., Ir. whos» behalf the n^ency plae- Ml tl'o following c.ird la its window: 'A shigli' g( :illei!i,vu wlih a »mHli |<irtane, litlng In Pansy, wUiMs tu nikKAge a girl f:ir K<.'a'ral houa«work (so far in small letters and the fol- lowing In capitals); will marry her if d<>sired." On Ihe niornliiK after the card was i>osted -tile agency reccdved a telephone ia8B'.i:(i;e fiom the client a.iking that it lie removed at oiue. as a troop of wo- j men weri> besicglnfe' his doors, Ihe agoiii'y havlrui given all of Ihrm l-.is I addro*). lie said ho fflt sure he could I select from ninon.g tliiiu one to suit Ultn, but he had a full day's job be- fore hini to sort out the ages and sizes and reduce th* number of applicants IO that h« could make an intelligent 1 hoice ' â-  WAYS TO FRESHEN VELVET Velvet gets defaced by having the pila or aup cruahrd. It can often l)e raised agnin try careful steainlnK. Lay a wet cloth over the hack of the velvet, lift the two together and pass them over an inverted hot Iron, holding the wet cloth next the Iron, or hold the velvet stretched over the steam spread- er o« the spout of a tea kettle with thf hack of th« velvet toward the steam. 'Dust may li« removed from velvet bv bi^whing, then sponging carefully :iri<l steaming. They've really done It^ â€" they've olszied the papers, thos;i9 latal papers â€" fatal to one of thj two. but we, can only stand by until next March and do our pr'.'phetylas. as tho contract read; that the bout In which Dempcey v/!ll defend his title?, c^all take place in tho United States, Canada or Cuba botwoso next March and July Fourth, the champion to got $300,000 and Carpe-ticr 1200,000. Ueiupsey is certainly givlug "Carp" \ho "once over" aa be U affixing his John HancocU. *S!wiiW!«aiaifaitiSK(j:aaBiC'SSt£iiiiiii;^'ia:B« Tkcg Hisft®iry of _ -' W in * HISTORY 09 AIjOONAI.D VARIATIONS - MacDonald, Uonald- 8on, Uanlelsun, MacDonell, Don- ald, Donlllson, Uonellson. ItACIAL OUKi IN- Scottish and Irish. BOURCKâ€" A given ntinie. By far tho si'caler number ef fami- lies bearing this nam;; are of Scottish descent, tliough originally it would be hard to tell whether the C,lan Donald, through which it conies down to us for the most part, would have been more properly classified at that time as Scottish or Irish. Geographicallyâ€" that i.4 to say, ac- cording to modern boundaries â€" It would be Scottish, Hut ratlallyâ€" con- sidered from the angle of tho twelfth and thirteenth centuriesâ€" it was just aa much Irish. The MacUonaUIr,. or tho Clan Don- ald, were the rulers of the Western Isles, which they had wrested back from the .Norwegians, and at later periods their power was so great as to rival that of the kings of Scotland. Originally, of course, these Caels had crossed over to the Isles and the Scut- eish mainland from Ireltnd. The clan name, ".MacDomhnaill," comes from the given name of "Dom- hnall," compoii.id of two (laellc words "domhan" aiul "all," signifyinr; "mighty world." Oomhnall. or Donald, was a grandson of the ehiei'tain who conquered the Norwegians. One branch of this dan crossed liack to .\ntiim, in Ireland, but the othero remained in the Isles and In Scotland. The iirime Donaldson, in Its various :-ipellines, is,* of coursji", merely the Kngllsh equivalent lor â- â- .VlaeDoiu- hnaill." Danielwon is a corrupt form, for Ihe given iianie.i of Donald and Daniel, v/hile they sound somewhat alike, are not at all the same. The forms of the name In which t!ie "d" appears are Seottlsh, leaving the Irish WOMEN ENTER ENGINEERING News of the Movies English Girls Form Com- pany to Start Work in France. In •â- .Ninetoeii and r;iy;;is Charles Ray will appear in up-to-date garb, a s'uer? voiiUK nnetecn-yeir-old. He has never had a part in '.vhich he revelled :.iore i:a.l ne nas put some inimitable touches into hi.< characterization of the boy who treasures memories of his olil-iaahiofl(Ml real Ing and gets mue!i ridi<i!led for it. The only "vilWIn" i i Ihe picture is a burglar, and he har a sense of humor. Tom Sintschi. who la in the Sierra Nevada Mountains llnishing the sixth of a series of westerns, has the honor of having served for the longest period with a single producer, it is said. He was with Sellg for ten years from the time that producer was making "The Spoilers" and other Rex Beach stories. His nmru.-it rival is probably Harry Morey. who was with Vitagraph near- ly a decade. Santschi Is I'ow with I'athe. Annette l\ellernian has again shift- ed from the picture studio to the vaud(!villc stage and is now on tour. Killing a real tiger for a photoplay scene, will be the unusual stunt done for Frank .Mayo'a pcture, entitled "Tiger." Princess, the feliae victim from the t'niversal menagerie has be- come too .lavage to livj and must die anyway. Mildred Davi.s. Haro'd Moyd'.n pe- tite leading lady, recently received a letter rroni a little admirer in Cork, Ireland. The girl -.vrotc: "I love you very much, so I ata sending you a half (lo:';eu handkerchiefs which 1 hjmstil< lied and enibroidei-ed wllh your Initials just for you. I know they are not much to sr^nd Io saicii a i'lae lady." .Mi'Klved hastened to assure hi r Irish friend that such beautiful linon has become rare in this country. Xew stars recentiy put forward are .lames Kirk-woo.l, by Allan Dwan. and Alice Calhoun, by S'ltagraph. Another company /iiow forming is to star .Mar- guerite Fisher. sect; 10 presTdznt. which one? Wllh the Runouncemeiii .if Ihe form- ing In tiie Midlands ot the Ailania Company, Ltd., women in Kiigland have formally and definitely entered the engiiieeiing industry. The Hon. I.ady Parson.^, wife of tlie Inventor of tho steam turbine .jf ibal name, is chairman of Hie new com- pany, the (lireetorH; of which include engineers of both sexes. The mana- ger of Ihe plant is a thoroughly edu- cated girl who served :> three years' npprentlceshii) in ii niaciiine show dur- ing Ihe war. and the secretary of tlie company, another clever woman tech- nical supervisor i na factory through- out the conflict. "The new firm doe.s not anticipate any difficulty In geettlng contracts," raid .\Ii.i.'* Caroline Hasleit, secretary of the Wot.ien'.i Kn.nineeriiig Sviclety. "The ilna has lilieady reei ived a sub- coniract tor machining tlie parts of a newly invented pump which iV.e French Covernment ha.- ordered for clearing liit' water from inundated parts of the devastated area. "The factory is situated near an en- gineering co!lef;e, so Ihe itirl workers will be able to continue lludr lechnl- eal sludi 'S In the evi-ning. They will work the standard ft.rty-seven-hour \\et>k and b<! paid the regular trade union scale of wages. "The directors hope to introduce a copartnership syrstem. lOach of the original employees v.ill become a shareholder and HUb.sequenI workers will be givi!ii the first opportunity of buying subsequent issues of sloctk. "Tliere are at least a hundred <ii!allfled women enginer'rs who have served their apprenticeship at a fac- tory in Scotland, where a certain num- ber of women are enjployed in sklllod engineering work. A large n.imber of others have had three or four years' experience In munition factoriee, which make them aimo.-t equally skilled. "So many of these girls are anxious t) continue their engineering work that it was decided to organize a com- pany controlled by women." STUDY OF NORTHERN ART Andera Zern, probably the greatest of Swedish painter?, has given IKO.OOO kroner to the University of Stockholm for the establishment ot a profoseer- ehlp In the history of Northern art. Richard Washburn Chi' James B. Christian, one o' will very probably be tho i>c to President Harding. Mr « tun (above) w«8 secretary ir Harding during hU camp^<^ -i. Mr. Child is a New Terk law.. ,• »nd writer Doth have been mc:.- '^fS as probable choice WHEN SAPPHIRES BLUSH The existencd of the electric fur- nace makes It possible to create veri- table diamonds, and to fuse chlpi^ings and fragments of ruby into one com- plete jewel. Now arrives a report that with the aid of radium succi' ishil transformations have been maii^i in the appearance, If not in the nature of certain precious stone!*. A saiiphire. It. U said, has been turned Into a gloriou.t ruby by long exposure to thu effect of radium. Chemically consid- ered, this U not vory surprisliw;. for the two stones are both exampl is of eorundum, and the mysterious areldcnt of color is the principle dlfferonc-a bv- twcen then. FOEMS SONG FROM "MARMION. Where shall the lover rest. Whom tlie fatea sever From his true ..lalden's breast. Parted forever? Where through groves deep and high. Sounds the far billow. Where early violets die. Under the willow. ^'' -S'i' There, through the aiinimer day. Cool streams' are laving; Vh'.'ie, while the tempesis s'A'ay, Scarce are boughs waving. There thy rest ahalt thou take. Parted forever. Never again to wake, JS15i' .Never, O, never! Where shall the traitor rest, » He, the deceiver. Who could win maiden's breiijt. Ruin and leave her? In the lost battle. Borne down by the flying. Where mingles war's rattle With groans of the dying. Her wing shall the eagle flap. O'er the false hearted. |-Iis warm blood the -.volf shall lap. 'Ere life be parted. Shame and dishonor sit By his grave forever; Blessing shall hallow It â€" Never, O, never! â€"Sir Walter Scott. »♦♦♦♦♦♦ V/>* Magic Carpet II VUiU to Sew Worldii SILO IS GREAT SAVER OF m? Every Year More Farmers Aro Realizing the Benefit. The season that has ju.it passed has had the effect of cllncliing In many quarters the argument in favor of silos. In localities where tho growth was delayed by the unseasyiia'oio weather at the bet-jinning of the sum- mer, the harvesting was correspond inj;ly late, and many I'armers were caught by the unusual rains in Sep- tember, which have maUe it iuipos."!- ble to adequately harvest the grain. In some sections it is still to be .-^eeli in the field:., blackened and rimed. This loss could, to a great extent, havj been saved if the farm had ;)oases.sed a silo or even more than one la whlcii the d*np product could liave been storiid land converted into the very best of winter feed. Without doubt the silo is the one building tliat Hie farmer '•ann'jt do without, and every year an iucrea.siug; number oi pract'cal men are (o.i;;ii;; to recognize thi.,. Tlie Govennneiit has been doing 'ail in its power to bring this before agrleulturists nvery- vshtre, and in some sections arr.i'i.iie- incuts have b^jea nntde for a consid- (>iable reduction tn price of t'le lieces- sary materials. Furthermore, in each ilisiilct the first silo will be erected, it desired, uiuler Ihe direct sjpervi- ?-loP of a Government oxpert .iiul the neiglibcring farmers can in this WL;y gel the benefit of his advice for the sn<all trouble of vi.-iting the pla:- • during the erection jf llie Ml). I.ust year an Irish baronet, who liad fiso distinguished him-.elf durln.-; the war, wli'te vlsitlns this province, was so iiiuch hnpresMod with thv; importaaco of silos, that, liearing one was to be erected in the vicinity of Victoria, he went out to the farm and, donning rlie ii\»'-!ills lie I'-'d brengh with liiin, worJted steadily for two days on the jou til i,rUer to t>ecame thoroughly ac- (lualnted with the methoil of construc- tion so as to be able to direct the erec- tion of similar struolures on his farm la Ireland. ^'^♦♦♦> »'««â- Â«â™¦ ♦♦^^♦♦4^'i'$'>^^^>^ POLAND No country has more romantic a.^- rf;elations than Poland, no country ot tlie lOntineni is richer in tragedy, no country bus suffered i.iore from .self- it h and ambitious nelghbor-i. It is almost uniformly lacking la natural protective bouiidarloa. Immediately beyond the nortliern .'rontinr Is the strongly defensive region of thfj Masurian Lakes the ('arpatt)!ans are jr.ine way beyond the present southern border. The a.erage altil'Jde Is low and the country divides Itself into three distinct areas* ttie plateoux ot the south, the central plains, and thrt Baltic Ridge in the north-east. The climate ii more temperate than that or the majority of Ruasla. I'ud more severa of tliat of central t'nd sve;st European cou.'vtries. Sanltiiry condi- tions are wretched In most PoIU'i towns, and the provision of doctors and hospitals Is hopelessly Inadequate. Tho total populalicn of the present Poland l3 about 15,000,000 and of these about 75 per cent, a.'e Tole â- . There are In addition a number <.^' Jews who apeak Yiddish, some ;jer- mans and some Lithuanians, \vh:) speak their own innguage. Warsaw, '.vlth a population of nearly a million sc-'jIs, before the war I3 the biggest town. The era of Russian rule in Poland lasted from l&lo to 1914. It was marked occasionally by sporadic outbreaks and indicatloca oi nation- alism, of which the moat Irnponant occurred in l.SoO and in 186:1, both of which were put down by Rus.?la with j'lernly reprss«lve measiires. Th 1 grant of a constitution to Russia, and the summoning of the fh-;t ruraa filled the Poles with hopes v.-blch 'v.^r'^ almost Immediately disappointed. Tho prevalent religion of Poland in Roman Catholic, about seveuty-flv-^ per cent, of tlie race belonging to that faith. Protestants are mostly Lutherans. The primary schools of the country â- diS supported by the districts iu which th"y are situated, while the secondary schools are under state control. The Vistula River was at one time '.hi most important means of communica- tion In Poland, but before the war i..s itiiportance was declining. There are some privately owned uud some slate owned railways, notably one connect- ing Warsaw with Vienna. By th'? cutting of a corridor through the north to the sea. ^nd throwing the port of Dantzig open to the Poles under the League of Nations, Poland now has an outlet to tli.; .sea. Rye is her. chief crop with oats, wheat, and barley also largely cultivated. Polat»i is fairly well provided wlili forests which b^^- foro the Russian revolution were the property of the Crown. Her minerals are neither rich nor varied. Manu- facturers have made rapid progress, especially in the cotton and woollen trade*. CONCRETE SHIPS The Beauty Doctor Tolls Girls How to Look Prettier. Do not eat launy green vegetables If you suffer from pimples. Some people are under the delusir-n that the ii'.or • grc^n food they eat the better the skill win look. This does not al- ways follow, MS vegetables are not easily digestc'!. Indigestion never im- proves the appearance of the skin. .Some girls are surprised that thrfy are so troubled v.ith spots on Ihe lac â€" "because I hey live so plainly." The probability is that they live "too plainly." by which I mean that ihey do not (-at stifficie'itly uourishiiK too:'. Poor food makes for poor blood, and tliis latter often manifests itself i'l spots and pimples on the skin. A good, safe and slmplesou' war plication for spottiness is o<casi I iliisling with fine boracic p'.v.der tallied from u reliable chemi;, . Do not drink stj-oag tea â- 'â-  ti â- >' you would keep your skin i lir. 'ITio more luilk you take with them the better. Sitting much over tha fire is not good for the complwxiun. For a greasy skin wash wiMi hot water and soau before bedtime, siid twice a week bathe the face \.itli u pint of hit water to which about twelve drops of tincture of beazion have bwn added. Remember that the continued '.is^i of face powders tends to produce enlarg- ed pores because they clog the poros (Which are the mouths of tiny sUin glands), and lead these glands to over-secretion In the effort to get rid of the clogging. When powder, cream' or any color- ing matter Is used on the face It should always be washed off with hot water b«ifore going to berl. The wearing of thin tight walking shoes In winter is a distinct cause of red Hoses, red hands and chilblains. If you value the brightneas of your eyee observe this rule: Get as much sleep as you can before midnight. Do mot work or read in a had light. n« n»t read vhe« wearing a spotted vetl. In Der Rholn Herr I*. W<>rMecke. of Lauenburi;. has an hitefostiiia articl-' on the economic value of the loncret • ship. .Ke points out that the concrete ship was really a w,ar measure, due tj licarcity of steel, of labor and of time. In most countries the yards have clos- ed down. In CJerinany. however, a num- ber of new yardrs have been opened since the armistice, dtte no doubt to the conditions reaultng from the sur- render ot German shipping to t!i.e Al- lies and the resultant short!'.;;;! of ton- nage, which has made it desirable to use every means possible for coasinic'- ing new ships. The advantages claim- ed for the cc^ncrcte hull are the hig;i development of the (lerinan ceiuent industry (now indeed lifeless Ihr lack of coal); lower yard and overhead ex- penses; rapid output; smaller cosv: KinaJler deprechltion on yard and ship; absence of botloui fouling; more in- tensive operation: fewer repairs and longer life. The dlsadvantJges are â- 4reater weight: lesser deadweight; lesacr manoeuvring ability; larger on- gine BDwer and fuel consuniptitin and Us high cost of forms and tup-uld;?. un- less series of shipsi are built. Hv^rr Wernecke does not find the (•o:icrete ship suitable for sea or -fleean wovk, and devotes himself. thevelorcs to oi«noini€ worth on rivers And nland 'A'aterwaya. The principal r«i|jiireiiient In rivM- shi)>s is high deadisur^ht ca- pacity v.Ku low draught. THE CALF If calves drink too much le- ;;rc al- lowed to drink too quickly, tie ir di- gestive orspns ave npsct and they dr>- v3lop ptrtbelLes, a srate to bo avoided.. Some iMge«ious tnvei\tioi;s in tho shape of India rubber teats attached to tubinp to drav; up t'»e yrusl or milk from the bucket can be lUKichaseci. These are al>out the nean : t approa.-h (o nature we can get, and do away with the tendency to potbelly, as th â-  etlf must jjrink slowly. But these tilings, gocKl aa they are. coat money, and need thorough chanlng c!t«b time they are used, which takes up tiiii •. As the days become niildi'r the calvoa may run out together for a few hours, .e;vadually prolongin.s; the time until iliey stay out altogethei'. iiniue rear- I rs drt not Iwslteve in tiirnitit; out Spring reared calves durint; fhcir first Summer. To net sfitiafaetciy results from t-alf rearint; It Is ey,-^itial to have good niaUrlal to work ujhui. Ko not wean just any calf xni can get, but buy a good one. even if it cost-i a little more. K pays In the end. If a hand reared «alf la «oJd l>ofor« It is a year old (^ere will be wt margin of ^l8at, bc<-ause It will -acll for little mora at the market than would si good fat calf. It Is. in fact. tU.v carter stage of Us ex|8t«nee whteh costs the money. VHien the tltne eonics for It to bt turned ent the little pras:, that it eats will Scarcely be noticed, and It will need no at^tnlion rnrtn the fol- l9'rli\x autumn, when it »iU once more »«ed Miistawao. Really good c^owB are dMBt^iili u, hti>. >fe;'aoTer. there is some risk utwiiit It. If cnc or two cow calves dati b« wMiwcd oack year, by keeping the beat i-.ad sorttnK th* etherH, one can bi- ^nt«\hiahly cer- tain nf gettlB*! a guwb aultifel and' worth ttM a«B<7y. \