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t ^l'. w CURRENT COMMENT THE WORLD'S STRAITENED INCOME. 1 â- m People are beginning in the coast to think of the world as a unity just as la China the people there are only beginning to think of the nation as a unity. It l8 perhaps not unnatural that this sense of unity comes first through ecoaomic and financial conslderiuionj. We read the vast figureH of the world's debt, of the world's assets, of the world's resources, and of the world's revenue, and it is beginning to be realized thai the world is probably worth all she owes if she could rai^e money on hov property. But lilio many a millionaira the world Is short of cash. Ready cash cut^ a con- siderable da!»h in the world and in order to get it tliere must be available pletify of saleable goods. Lord Hfldan-i tells us that the weekly national Income of Britain is only «:t.l2 a head of the population, aiul a.n be savs: "This is not good enough." The only way to improve it is i>y greater pro- du<:!ion, and In a world which Is becoming self-conscious, and in which the nations are becoming civilized enough to produce fir themselves the revenue of exporting nations is going lo have a ragged tima. This would seem to point to the necessity of self-supportlnt? ni- asures for peace times such as the war Imposed upon during tlie conflict. .Australia. i\e are to'd, owe.q $700,000,001) and there are only 3,000.i,00 people to support the burden, or $140 a head. This is enough to make t!ie kangaroo jump. A» long 4# It w.ris possible for par: of the world to exploit the rest aral the burden laid on the rest was not too heavy no great harm followed. Fiat when gruat masses of people like China's 400.000.000 and India's 300,000,000. comprio- in.g nearly half the population of the Globe, begin to work on their own ac- coiiiit and even export to other countries at very cheap rat'-'s It should be quite plain that a new science of economics shoUld be on the way. Aad this is why it is such a blessed thing to live in plenty on one's own farm. CHINA SELF CONSCIOUS. A remarkable change has come over China according (o many observ- ers and in the lucidly worded opinion of. Fletcher S. BrocUman. who has recntly returned from the Celestial country. The war has primarily been responsible for the change, but not directly. U came after the war and as an Indirect result. Before the w.-\r one part of China had not the least regard for the other. During the Japanese war the southern Chinese re- fused to admit that they had a war on. "Those fellows up in the North are fighting the Japanese," they said, "but we hare no war." It was owing to this lacking sense of nationality that other powers were able to encroach on China, to extort concessions, to impose conditions, that no self-respect- ing nation could tolerate. Since the war a new aeosa of Chinese solidarity has sprung up. The Chinese begin to think of themselves as one people, and a national consciousness, the foundation of patriotism lias been born. Some people will "view this with alarm." while others will "poiat with pride," that whatever may be thought of it. it brings a new element into the affairs of the world, and recreates the tar Kast. If national self-con- sciousness sweeps through the 400.000,000 of China and binds them together, as. for example, it binds tlie people of the United States, the Dragon flag will have to be reckoned with in the future even more than that of the Ris- ing Sun of Japan. Mr. Fletcher does not minimize as many do, the relig- ious, moral and Internal ideas of China. Confucius is a great teacher, and those who follow him have at least as secure a footins; for their political principles as the ordinary politician of the west cjin heusr. BUSINESS INTERESTS AGAINST LIQUOR. It Is not to be wondered at if the minority who find participation !a the liquor traffic proiitabKi feel annoyed at the modern tendency to sup- press all opportunities for alcoholic indulgence. For a few tht! illicit traffic In .Ticoholic drink.^ has been more profitable than the rejuiar traffic ever was. and most of the outcry ha.s come from or been inspired by tiiose who regard more their own means of gain than the possible result to. their fel- low citizens. The liquor traffic has always been a tremendous expense to the state. The cost of criminal courts, officers, prisons, of hospitals and asylums, of orphanages and pauperism generally, is eiiorniou.s, to say nothing of the loss to the community In labor efficiency and the disor- ganization which accompanies all alcoholic Indulgence. Moderate drinkers do not like to be reminded of these things, and perhaps they do not grumble about the taxes which result, but the majority of people are learning to look at these things from a business pojnt of view and in consequence we get stich votes as the Prairie Provinces and Xova Scoiia have recorded. I: is customary to hear coiuplaints of the intolerance of church membor!" and others who mass their opposition to liquor on religious grounds. It is not stating too much to say that had there been no opp.jsltion to the liquor traffic but that of the churche.^ it would still be in full swing. It is the cold, hard business sense of Canada that has been aroused against the pro- miscuous use of elcohol. Just as It was the political and business seuse of the nation that oixTthrew slavery in the United States. There is a good dea! In common between the agitation against liquor and that against 'ilav- ery. In each case the churches were divided 0!i the questions, and in each case opponents of the new views urged that man's moral freedom was at stake. A mau should be left free to take it or leave it. it has been urged, but almost invariably the man who thus contends, takes it. When this generation has passed away the new one will no more desire the free sale of liquor than the present one rgrets the abolition of slavery or the sup- pression of the opium traffic. Whatever it may do fur a few liquor Is un- profitable to the community, and Ontario people know this as well as their neiglibors. RESULTS OF CLIMATE. We hear more about people leaving th» United States fjr Canada. We are not surprised. Many people from the South have been spending their summer vacatiou with us this Outober. and the Rugby teams in their struggle for the championship complained of the prostrating heat on Oc- tober 23. It may not have been thus through our entire three and a half million square miles, but Ontario was selling raspberries picked on this date In crate loads. It has not always been thus, and we do not profess to understand it, though an astronomer fellow says that the planets, or most of them, all got pulling together and managed to make it w-arm for the earth. He thinks that winter may settle down more or less permanently south of the equator and that our climate may revert to something milder than they get it iu White River. Another set of fellows have been dig- ging up wild beasts In Alberta that lived on the shores of an ocean of what they say was three million years ago, but some other chaps say was nearer tv.enty-flve or thirty million years ago. when at that time thoy had tropical beat and Red River rivalled Port Nassau or Rio Janeiro. It Red River was like that 25,000,000 years ago, it is about time White River got a chance to thaw out. and we may all have the kind of weather that will raise sugar cane iu the back yard. This isn't what brought down the price of sugar, though. It came down, when one big fellow said It had got sugar beat, and another big fellow heard him, and thought he had got sugar beet, so he cut the price. But the main reason the folks In the United States are coming to Canada is iu search of work. They are clos- ing up the factories over there because it takes anywhere from $1.10 to $1 I'd to buy a dollar's worth and Europe won't put up the money. So what with the fine weather and news of work, and a dollar buying a dol- h'r's worth in Canada the folks are hopping across the border like toads, and there is some talk of telling them to stay nt home. If they are decent, law-abiding folks and bring their dollars along, they will do us uo harm. mmm farms MORE PRODUCTIVE Comport Heap Most Essen- tial Because of Fer- tilizing Value Tile examination of many types of soil â€"clays, silta and sands â€" virginand cuUivftted, has furnished evidence of a very emphatic character regarding the fundamental and vital importance of semi-dtcoaiposed organic matter (liumus) as a soil constituent, it acts nitchanlcally in iiiii)roving tilth, lightening and mellowing heavy clays and increasing the inoisturc-hiilding capacity of all classes of soils, it sup- ports the microscopic life of the eoil, the function of which is to prepare plant food for crop use. And. lastly. It is the natural storehouse of nitro- gen -the most expeu!»ive of all plant loods when purchased in the form of ferltltzer. bvery larm, every market garden. should have its compost heap, for Huch .iffords the most economical (and sanitary) means of utilizing the vege- taitle and animal refuse, indeed all Toi'.ns of crganlc waste. To enumer- ate some of the materials that can be profitably used in this way: potato tops, cabbage leaves, waste straw, (lead leaves, kitchen waste, old sods. ilie cleanikgs of ditches road scrap- lng«, muck and peat, pond 'and stream deposits; all these materials and many "moTo rich in organic matter majr by Viuiposting be couverted Into a forclDf manure of very considerable value by reason of its humus content and Its stcroiof readily available plaut foods. In these (!ays it behooves us to alxmdon our wasteful ways and util- ize everything that may make the land more productive. The practice of burning all organic refuse is an ex- ceedingly wasteful one and should only be followed when, by reason of the presence of the eggs, spores and seds of iiiJuriou.J! insects and plants, the composted material would be like- ly to disseminate disease. The inaliiTig of the compost heap is a very siiunle affair. It cau be built up of alternate layers, of say six Inches, of refuse (including swamp muck if such is obtainable) and man- ure, to anv convenient height, cover- ing the whole with a few inches of good soil^r muck. The heap should be kept moist, that decay may pro- ceed, but not so wet as to cause drain- age Jroni tile heap. The result, iu a few weeks or several months, accord- ing to the season of the year, will b-> a manure of very considerable fertil- izing value, capable of Improving both clay and sandy loams and especially useful for vegetables and garden crops. WI.NGEn CAT â- V half-lVrsian cat, with wings on Its b.ick similar In shape to those of a fowl. but. covered with fur. Is In possession of Mr. J. Crute. the sexton of the Old Normanton Cemetery. Der- by, England. The animal, which seem- ed in a half-wild state, went to Mr Crate's house for food. New Zealand has 20 societies for protflcting native same birds and animals and Introdacioc others Into that country. POUR U. S. FARM BOYS WIN INTERNATIONAL STOCK-JUDOING CONTEST AND TRIP TO EUROPE ATLANTA. Ga. â€" Four larmer ooys without any agricultural scaool training will make a trip to Europe, the reward which go«a with the wlaning of the International Stock Judging championship In toatb and aoatheastern competition here. This con-collece team ««mo from f*r oft Texas, winning over teami from ai: parts of tb« eouatry â€" including college-trained men The Texas team finished with SIIO points against 294S by the .Mississippi team which was â- Â«ooad. The T«xa« team were all members of Boys' Club aad wera coached hf Cy V/. Evans and W B. Cook of the Texas Extension flerrtee from the state college. The trip will b« first to the Royal Stock Show at L«ndoB â€" than to the agricuttorai districts of France. Hollanil. Belgium and Isles of Jersey and Guernsey Th!> is the hicheat honors ever conferred upea farmer b«y« in this country. Top row â€" left to right â€" W. B Cook and C. M Evans, coaches; Alva Debmaa. Lameaa; lower row â€" Oorden Olltlspie. Coleman; Jolm Tanier. HUlsboro and Q. W Welting. Marihi. Texas Advice to Girls By Miss Rosalind Rmgittered acrordtnt tu tite Copt- Tifht Act Miss Rosalind welcomes letters from young women asking for advice on any subject. All you have tc do la to address your letter to MISS ROSALIND, 34 King William St., Hamilton, Ont Uear Rosalind: I am a girl of 19 and have been keep- ing company with a young mau 5 years nij- senior for 2 years, and he has asked me to marry him, but I can- not make up my mind as to what 1 should do as there is another young man whom 1 like better although I have never kept company with him as he is Keeping company with another girl, but people say that he is not in love with her. The one who has ask- ed me to marry him has a good posi- tion, but I think he is too many vears my senior. The other one is about my own age. but his wealth is limit- ed. Please advise me what 1 should do as I value your advice very much. â€"Sunshine. Dear Sunshine: It you have been going with the young man for two years you should he pretty sure by now whether you care enough to continue the Journey through life with him. Five years dif- rerence between your ages Is not too much If you are congenial. 1 like to see a girl practical enough to study every side of matrimony before she enters it; but Sunshine, dear, it strikes me you are too practical to be very deeply in love, if I were you I would make no definite decision yet. And Just between you and me â€" I would not bother about what "people say." â€" Rosalind. to take up pictures as a profession. In the first place I have no idea that you could maKe goodâ€" not knowing you. your appearance, or your ability. But you may take it from me. It takes a tremendous amount of all three com- moOKIes â€" • personality, beauty and brainsâ€" to become a Mary Pickford or a Mae .Marsh. 'I'here are few openings tor a twelve- year-old star; and Just tliink of the years you w^ouid have to spend iu hard study to make yourself famous at eighteen wallfawhile. Sunshine, get your en- trance and then go on and get y.)ur matric or your Leaving and stay in school as long as you can. it will not hurt you to look forward to be- coming a movie actress some day if your ideal helps to make you a moro ctudlous little girl and a mor-j pain- staking daughter. Write to me again. â€" Rosaiind. Dear Rosalind: I have bsen reading your advice to girls very carefully na;l 1 think it Is a splendid tiling for girls to get such helpful advices free, and would you please give me your advice on a few question.^" My girl fiiend is eighteen years of age. She has been engaged to a young tello-.v a year and a half. During this time she learns there are others she thinks a great deal of and she does not think as much of him as she should. sue has got his ring and thinks it would be a bad di3appointm-3nt to him to give it back. WotUd if>l)e sel- fish and rude to break an engagement uno this.' Ur what snould she do'.' sne feels as if sha is too young and would rather bo free; should she? Do you think Rosalind if a man and wife disagrees that they should get a divorce? â€" Rose. Uear Rosalind: Seeing otners asking advice from you, 1 have- taken advantage of this, and am going to ask you a question which is entirely different from the other questions. T am a girl 12 years of age, and in the Entrance Class at school. 1 have always wanted to be a movie actress and still I don't know how to go about it. I don't kno.v where you go to practice or anythiiig about it. I'd like to be an actress af- ter I pass the Entrance. Please write and tell me full particulars. Hoping to see your answer in the paper at a near date. â€" Sunshine. Dear Little Girl : it Is surely a bright day for me with two Sunshines come to visit. Only I am afraid you will think 1 am a very dark cloud that is doing its best to o;ot all the shme out. Be- cause my dear. I cannot advise you Dear Koss: In the first place. Rose dear, your girl friend has no business to be en- gaged at eighteen. The fact that she has changed her mind proves that. it would be a much greater disap- poliitnient to the man if she married him and then wanted to give b.ick the wedding ring. Let her tell him hon- estly that she is too young to know her own mind and ask for freedom from the engagement. I fancy if married folks got divorce^ every time they disagreed there would he more divorces than weddings. Peo- ple are human, my dear, even if mar- rieil, and are bound to have differen- ces 01 opinion; out il young people only take the linjc to consiiler things carefully before marriage and decide v/hether tuey can agree on all vital questions that make for t'lie happiness and success of homes, then there can be no danger of foolish quarrels and constant bickeriug. Divorce is not granted iti Canada for the reason you have stated. Advice your friend well. Dear Rose, and talk things over with her calmly and sensibly. â€"Rosalind. Deer S. A R.: In the cojifusion of moving, I pack- 0)M ElKDW THERE'S A BOWKR OK RO^ES. There's a bower of roses by Bende- uieer's stream. And the nightingale sings round it all the day long; In the time of my childhood 'twas like a sweet dream. To sit in the roses and hear the bi!:d'8 song. That bower and its music 1 never for- get, But oft when alone, iu the bloom of the year, I thinkâ€" Is the nightingale singing there yet? Km the rosea still bright by the c«)m Uendemeer? :$: â-  I " ' â- â- â- â- ' " C"!* .â€" â€" _ ' ..l.-^ . â€" .â€" 0_ <M> No, the rosqs soon withered that hung I o'er the wave. I llut some blossoms were gathor-.'d I while freshly they shone, I And a dew was distilled from their flowers that gave All the fragrance of summer when summer was gone. Thus memory draws from delight 'ere it dies. An essence that breathes of It many a year: Thus bright to my soul, as 'twas there to my eyes. Is that bower on the banks of the calm Bendeincert â€" Thomas Moore. »IE Public Health Talks (By Dr. J. J.Middleton) Good Health is a Natural Right Due Everybody, and Child Welfare Work in Canada is Most Essential A series of Public Health Talks will be given in these coiuniuis by Dr. J. J. Middleton, of the Pro- vincial Board of Health, Toronto. Persons desiring any information on the subject of health are invit- ed to write to Dr. Middleton, who v/ill ansv/er all questions earnest- ly and In confidence. .\ great awakening In public health matters is now in progress all over the country. People are beginning to "think hpulth"â€" that is, they are con- vinced that good hep.Hh is a natural rigiit due to them, and if not that faulty heredity and environment are the chief obstacles to its attainment. There is a lot of truth in this, and how to get 4jast these obstacles id the great problem that public health ac- tivity is seeking a solution for to-day. To begin with we have discovered that health, lll;e happiness, is. to a large extent a matter of habit, and that It can be taught. Where, then is the most promising field to diffuse this teaching? At on<-e the sugijes- tion comes to one â€" the public schools. The determination is already wide- spread to arrange it so that the time allowed for routine book learning in the schools of Ontario does not en- coach on hours allotted to physic.il culture and to the teaching of the usefulness and practical elements of public health work. Physical culture should be made compulsory in schools â€" It should be regarded us one of the most important branches of education a child tan get. TEACHING EEC.INS WITH MOTHERS. The education of school children. , however, 'm not enough. The teach- ; iug must be begun -A-ith the mother, ! even befof"-; her child is born. You ' cannot have a healthy baby without , healthy parents, and of the two the mother l:t the most important. Moth- : crs, especially tlioso having children ; for the first time, do not knov.- much | about the care of tht-mselven during i this important period of thoir.llfeâ€" j the pre-natal period. Far too much U i left to haphazard, and the young wo- | man often times has symptoms aad danger signs which portend disaster ! to herself and child if the war^lng^; ! are not boeded. To bring this infer- i matlou home to mothers, to teach i them to seek medical assistance at ' the earliest possiul<> moment when ' seemingly trifling ailments appear be- 1 fore the birth of the liiiUI, and to so i arrange hor daily habits a.s to tood, j clothing, exercise, that she may con- tinue in good health; that is the chief purpose of pre-natal clinics now being | established in this country and in all ; progressive countries. | The care of the new-born child will ' automatically follow the pre-natal I care of the mother, and hence baby ; clinics are also being established, in- i deed have already been established in many of the Irager cities of this Prov- \ ince. Children's iliiilis will also pro- i vide guidance and advice for the par- j ents of the growing child up to five years of age. and at school ago the child will come under the medical supervision of the Board of Kduc-ation. .\ complete network of clinics will thus be provided even from before the birth of the child, so that it may be constantly In touch with expert medl'iil and niKsiog advU v i.'i case Its growth and condition ia in any way abnormal. FKJHTINO THE "WHlTi!; PLAGUE." There are many liiies of public health activity, in addition to the im- portant one of Child Welfare. Tnber- culosLs Is one of the greatest st-ourges of the age, and tlie (campaign against this "white plague" has made rapid progress ia Ontario during the past ten years. The number of sanatoria in this Province has grown from 10 In 191IJ to 2."> in the present year. The annual grants for maintenance have Increased year by vear from $36,073 ia 1910 to $-27;),91.22 !n IIUS. The ac- commodation for patients in sanatoria in Ontario is now including several Preventoria for pre-luberculoua chil- dren, about a.OOO, as compared with fil') ten years ago. PracticjUly all Iha cost of the effort in tuberculosis, with the exception of an anar 1 grant of $10,000 from the Dominion, has been liorne by the Provinces. Intensive work is being done in treating those affected â€" In strengthening those ex- posed, how to keep well. .Vs a resolt of thia campaign the deaths from tuberculosis have been reduced from 102 per hundred thousand In lillO to 7R per hundred thousand in 1919. Ia view of our present knowledge of tuberculosis and its treatment this la a remarkable result. llie venereal disease problem is also being attacked vigorously by the Pro- vincial Board of Health, and a grant of $.t7,U00 from the Federal Govern- ment and an additional grant from tha Ontario Govenim.^nt brings the total amount up to tll.i.'JOD annually for the purpose of handiiug this very Importaat question. Interest in tha safety and health of the workers in Industrial establishments is being shown by the establishment of a Div- ision of Industrial Hygein* which U rnaking a good start. HEALTH DEPARTMENT ACTIVE. Public Health Publicity will be ex- tremely active this year, with pam- phlets, newspaper artulcs and public addresses on all matters relating to Public Health aud Child Welfare. To complete the work of the various divisions and to afford opportunity for ready and free diagnosis for the medical profession In the commnnlc- a'ole diseases, and to provide for an- .•ilysis of water, milk and oher foods, laboratories are being establLshed at important centres of population all over the Province. The main labor- atories are at Toronto, but there are already four in Old Ontario am! new la'coratories are being opene-.l at Fort Vi'llllam, North Bay and the "Soo." The advances iu Public Health and Preventive Medicine in Ontario dur- ing the p-ast ten years can be realized to some extent by noting the appro- priations grained for Public Health. Iii 1910 these appropriations were $50,- 000, while for the present year they are $530,000. an amount greater than tlint voted by all the other Provinces put together. Oovernnients as well as individuals are fortunately awakening to the fact that In Preventive Medicine an ounce of prevention Is worth a pound of cure, and even more rapid progress is expected iu Pubic Health activity in the immediate future. Thia is as It should be, for it affects the health and well-being of tlie coming generations as well as the people ot to-day. ert away niy address book, and will not be able to get at it for .acothar woek. I shall forward you Yloloi's address then. .\ mso glad you are go- ing to beecrae paper friend?. Here's hoping you'll like each other. â€"Rosalind. LITTLE FOOD IN STRICKEN EUROPE Millions of Children in Piti- able Condition â€" Can- ada to Help "While v.e at home are Intent on in- dustrial expansion and a place in the sun. Europe, in its war-weakened con- dition is fighting for its very exist- ence," said Donald W. Brown, direc- tor ot the Department of Organization iu the League of lied Cross Societies of the Worid, v.hich has its headq\iar- ters at Geneva, Switzerland. He visited Toronto to learn the peace programme ot the Canadian Red Cro.ss Kociety and to establish closer contact be- tween it and the League. MlLLIuNS OF WAR ORPilA.NS. Having Just arrived from Euro;)e, .Mr. Brown was able to give the Cau- adian Red Cross some first hand iti- fornialion conceruiog the people ot Europe. He called information parti- cularly to the condition of the child- ren, so many ot whom are now or- phans. While the exact number who liave lost one or both parents during I he war cannot be determined, the most conservative estimate places the number at over ten millions. This number seems quite consisten wiih the heavy war c:isualties among so many nations. DEPENDICNT I'PON CHARITY The condition ot these chiidern is in most cases very pitiable. Many of them have no homes and they are de- pendent upon whoever may be chari- table and kind enough to help them. Conseqeuntly, in the great area, be- tween the Baltic, the Black and the .\driatic Sea<. there are millions of children who face tha next few yeers, and particularly the coming winter. w-:thout hope of decent food and care unless outside assistance is given them. The vitality ot these children is already very low, on account of their having been depriv-jd of fats, milk and sugar d\iring the years that thaji most ii.?eded them and they are therefore very susceptible to children's diseases, particularly rickets. ^ DISEASE PREVALENT. In addition to the unhappy condi- tion c( the children, the cdult popula- tions are in the direst ot misery on ac- count of disease. Suffering has beta :iccentuated by lacit ot food and c'oth- in-i. nursing and medical atteaiioa. and tuberculosis, small pox, typhus and dysteatery are contiaaing un- checked. BRITISH E.MPIRE AP5>?:AL For these urgent reason.^. Mr. Crown said, the Lfague of Red Cross Socie- ties has made an earnest appeal lo tha people of the British Em i) ire, and he was glad lo hear that the cause of the suffering children was beini; taken up in Canada. He had learned tiic.t an appeal on behalf ot the British E.iipire Fund would be made iu Caiiadj by tha Canadian Red LIrosa during .\rmisliC9 Week, aad wished it every success. •NATIONAL EXHIBITION OF FUR- BEARINX; A:aMALS An e.xUibition of fur-bearing aal- m.als thit are Icing; "farmed" ia Can- ada will be held in Montreal on the -Ith, aijlh and 2(ith of .November. This project is an outcome of the coalier- ence of fur fanners held in Montreal last winter, under the ar.-pices of the ;'o:iiniission of Conservation. \i\<l»- sprcad Interest Is being shown by fur farmers in different portions of t:an- «da. no.'ably in Prince Edward l.iiand. where the industry is mainly cen- tred. It will be the first national exhibition of its kind to be held ia ranada, and it is confidently expected that, at least, it will equal in quality and extent of exhibits the similar ex- hibition held last year in the United States. The exhibition Is being arranced under the direction of the Ccmmle- s!oB of Conservation with the co-o^ eratloB and support of the Federal IV- oartment of Agriculture and of thf rrorlTwIal Governments. The l«r- produolm and marketing Intervnta v«lso •-♦ Isn r'iig their ^cttr? and ««. i.lU'-'.l-rSd sup;: :i.