The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

f THS rLMHIBTOV ADYAJrOX. FARMING In thia department each week will be given general information to farmers and stockmen. No attempt wilt be made to criticize the work already being done by Ctnadian farmer*; but an effort will be made to present to the farmers of the country summarized information contained In government reports, and the actual experiences of men and women who have achieved success In farming by following modern methods. Farmers who have found new "wrinkles" or have m«de a success In any special line of agriculture are Invited to send short letters to this paper giving their experiences, or criticizing any of the Information contained In these columns. MAKE MORE PROFIT ON DAIRY HERDS Good Sires Will Increase Milk and Fat Production and Increase Returns 8oniB men breed beef cattle for pleasure, but most men breed them for profit. If you expect to make profit you should breed what the butcher wants, who is the final judge of all block animals. The butcher wants a steer low down, square, thick fleshed and fat. If you are using a scrub sire can you ever expect to produce such animals } The answer is "'So," because auch sires do not possess the low down, blocky, thick-set form. A beef bull breeds into his calves what has been bred into him for generations. If this is scrub blood he will breed scrub calves. If it is good blood he wUl breed good calves. _ The market wants thick, meaty steers and will pay a premium for them The right kind of a sire will rut the meat over the back, loins and in the thighs. This is what the butch- er looks at when he buys a steer. If you are using a scrub sire you are producing steers that are small in size, thin fleshed over the back and loins, and which usually have a large paunch. This is cheap meat and seUs for a low price. Cau you afford to continue this prac- tice! Not if you expect to put your business on the same plane as the banker. If you do not have ready money most banks will loan you a sut- ncieut amount to purchase a good beef sire. A GOOD DAIBY SIBE Will increase the milk production. Will increase the fat production. Will enable one to get more prod- uct from same amount of feed. WUl increase selling price of surplus stock. , ^ „. \ll these will increase the net proht. The milk production of heifers out of ordinary cows and sired by Holstein, \yrshire, Jersey and Guernsey bulls in- creased over that of their dams by b-t per cent. The fat production increased by 52 per cent. . The second generation increased in milk production over the origioal cows 130 per cent. In fat production 109 per cent. KINDNESS WITH COWS. One evening while I was away from home, the young man of the place started in milking his cows, and as he went from one cow to the other he talked to them in a mild, pleasurable voice "They don't understand what 1 say," he femarked, "but they sure do like to be entertained this way. They've simply got to give down their n.ilk when I get to gassiu' them, and thev put out their noses, get their cud up" and se«m to enjoy themselves chewing awav to the tune of good about cows than he was given credit for He knew how gentleness on his part affeeted the producing qualities of the cow, he knew the value of quiet handling. His father hired a man to help do the nulking. The lirst night the new man lost his temper when a certain somewhat stubborn cow refused to walk directly into the stables. The lad did not wait for his father to tell the man that his wort was done on th;it farm, for he knew he would not be profitable to have in the stables where the biggest end of the farm 8 income was made. According to him, the stubborn cow should have been coaxed, for she was one of the best producers and should have been persuaded instead of driven. In some lots this kind of a cow would have been cornered with a club and made to tremble until she toed the mark. .« . • ,» Look about you and see if it isn t the conteneted cows or other animals that are doing their utmost in your behalf. Kindness is one of the most powerful agents in the profitable care and handling of livestock, whether It be a cow or not, and it should be por- trayed both in word and action. If the' dairy cow is to make a record in the herd", she must know that her care- taker is a man who knows the value • of all little attentions bflsides being a first class feeder. Loud talking and yelling are dis- turbing. A cow which is unruly may be better oflE in the shambles. Pa- tience and kindness, however, some- times work wonders with such a cow, success depending a great deal on the individual. A dog which is inclined to worry the cows, whether they have calves about them or not, often excites them to such an extent that their milk flow will fall off. Running cows from the pasture field or in the pasture field is injurious "tnd will decrease the milk flow. Gentleness, quiet handling and s kind disposition exhibited toivard the animals arc es.sential in profitable pro- duction of milk. HER JOB. Will â€" So your poor, blind grand- miithor wants a jobf Wont â€" Yep. T>o you know of any wiirk for hcrf Will- Sure. Any sorority will hire her as chaperone. STOBXNa BOOTS AMD POTATOES. The two methods most used for the storing of roots and potatoes are the pit and the root house. The pit method is excellent but has the disadvantage of not being easily accessible during very cold weather. To make a pit dig a trench four feet wide and two feet deep and pile the crop in level with the sides and heap towards the centre, not having any roots higher than three and a half feet at the centre, betore putting in the crop, nail two twelve- inch boards together forming a V- shaped ventilator the full length of the pit and allow them to protrude each end, rest the ventilators on the two boards, a hole being cut ih the boards to allow ventilation to come from below. The ventilator shafts are made from 8inch boards, two aides not boarded up inside the pit but slatted to allow free air passage and at the same time prevent roots from getting into the shaft. When all is in place cover with straw and put on just enough soil to prevent the straw from blowing away, and allow the roots to cool ofl: for a few days. Then add five ui- six inches of soil leaving all vents open both at the top and at the ends. As the weather gets colder add more dirt and in very cold weather close the vents by staffing old sacks or similar material into them. When the weath- er modifies remove the sacking. In root houses similar precautions' must be taken. Give the house as mnch air as possible when the roots are first sorted ami see that the atmosphere is not too dry. In our dry climate we sprinkle the floor well once in three weeks. Should there be the least sign of shrivelling, more water should be put on the floor. Vegetables that have already gone down a IKtle ean be brought back by increasing the moist- ure of the air. During warm spells close the door during lae day leaving it open in the evening till bed time to eool the air. The temperature in a root cellar or pit should not go above 38 deg. Fahrenheit nor below i- deg. The moisture content of the air can be taken by a hydrometer. During long spells of cold weather we watch the thermometers very close- ly and if any danger is feared we use oil burners in the cellar at night. The exposed walls of a root cellar need air spaces if made of stone or cement. When only a small portion of the cel- lar is out of the ground, bank well with manure and this will keep the frost from pe«*trating the walls. Points to Kemember. Allow the roots or potatoes to hard- en and dry in the field covering them with tops if the weather is cold. Handle carefully; bruised and dam- aged products should be kept apart to be used up first. Don 't pile up the crop too high. We make our bins three feet high with a false bottom over the low-er bin, and then till another three feet. This al- lows free circulation of the air and ean be cooled off very quickly. Let the air in freely from doors and ventilators and keep the holes in the roof for tilling the root house open ti'l danger of heavy frost is nea.-. Watch the humidity of the hi use and keep the floor well sprinkled to rvoid shrivelling. Do not allow the temperature to go higher than 38 deg., nor lower than 31! (leg. JUST COMMON SALT. What is the greatest mineral trea- sure of the earth f CoaH Iront Goldt No, just common salt. For gold, iron, and coal substitutes may be fouud, but without salt life would be impossible. In some eountrics it is formed from the sea, notably at Alvarado, near San Francisco. There tracts of low lying country are flooded with sea water, which rapidly evaporates in the in- tense heat, leaving the brine behin<l in pans, to be harvested and carried to the refineries. Open-air salt farming is hopelessly impracticable in Britain for the simple reason that Old Sol can- not be depended upon. Conseiiucntly, the salt in the beds at Droitwich and N'orthwich has to be recovered by min- ing and pumping. Beneath the latter town there is a massive chamber, sev- enteen acres in area by seventeen feet in height, which has been produced by excavating salt. The ground upon which the town is built is steadily cav- ing in, the skin of soil and rock, one hundred and twenty-four feet thick, upon which the buildings are resting, proving too weak to support them. Oi course, as most people know, the most amazing salt mine in the world is at Wieliczka, Poland, with its magnifi- cent cathedral, crucifix, altar, pulpit, and statues of saints, magnificent ball- room, bewildering lay-out of broad streets, restaurant, railway station, and other features incidental to every sur- face colony, but all of salt. Sewing by a Hand Machine. The greatest convenience I have is a hand sewing machine. It cost eight dollars and I kave had ten times its value in the use I have had out of it. I have had it fourteen years and in that time it has not needed a single repair. The children like to learn to sew on it, as it is easy to run. If there is any very heavy sewing to do it can be at tached to an old machine table an'l used with the treadle. The machine is light so I can carry it out under the trees or on the porch in summer and into the living room in winter. â€" Mrs. R. A. S. AWORDOFCAOTION ABOUT FUR FARMING Business Still in Experimental Stage â€" Prospective Fur Farmers Must be Pioneers \va;aS MOTHEa'S LITTLE BOV GOOD VWHILE I WAS OUT THI5 [HOW OlO we HAPPEN I TO BOe ftK ONLY THE^ l0N£-r ~^ ][\ .^^^, ELECTRICITY FOR THE|FARM HOME Concerted Action by Municipalities iWould Provide for Wide Distrib- ution of This Convenience The necessity for a more adequate supply of electric energy to the small- er communities, particularly in the Prairie provinces, has often been pointed out by the Commission of Con- servation. Concerted action would bring this most beneficial utility to every town, village and practically every farm within reach. The middle west of the United States is very aggressive in this re- spect. Central stations are building lines as rapidly as possible, and are planning more for the immediate fu- ture. Regarding the construction and cost of these the Electrical W'orld states: "In general the eonstruetion is ci two sorts for two very different pur- poses. The first consists mainly of 33,000-volt and 66,000-volt lines' in- terconnecting generating stations auil taking on new towns or industries. The second consists of 2,300-voit ana 4.ti,000-\-olt lines, designed to serve groups of farmers and small villages. "While it is difficult to generalize on prices when the metal markets are so unstable, it may be said that farm lines cost at present from $000 to $800 a mile and the 33,000-v9lt and HO. 000- volt lines cost from $3,500 to $-1,500 a mile. Moreover, the cost faetor seems at present to be one of the most im portant items in detcrmiuing how long this era of construction may last. Cer- tainly the demand for service will not limit the activity for some time to come, especially in the farm-line oxtcu sions." â€" L. G. Denis. MAKE LIFE ON THE FARM APPEALING Since the war a problem which has been worrying agriculturists all over the country is that of keeping the boy and the girl on the farm. All the lit erature that I have seen on the sub- ject shows quite plainly that no pana- cea has been discovered to meet the digiculty in connection with the exo- dus of the boys and girls from the farms. I think that hon. gentlemen will agree that we can at least go a long way towards solving the problem by adopting better farm methods; by making the home more attractive: by keeping better livestock: by making more profit on the farm, whicn wili make possible more comfortable condi- tions such as will be conducive to hap piness sud contentment; by making; conditions tolerable for the farmer's wife: and generally by doing every- thing we ean to make life on the farm appealing. In addition to this, I think that good roads and cheap au- tomobiles should play a very great part in helping to keep the young peo pie on the farms by rendering very valuable assistance to the farmer in different ways in "onnection with his work and by enabling him and his family to move around and mix with the neighbors, thus obtaining some so cial pleasure out of life. â€" Hon. S. K. Tolmie, in House of Commons. TOBTOISESHEIil. FROM COTTON. Most of the so-called tortoiseshell rims that are put around eye-glasses never had anything to do with a tor- toise. They are made from cotton. In fact, many umbrella handles, hairpins, combs, buttons, buckles, and bracelets are also made from cotton. The cot ton is first turned into tissue paper: this is threaded, dried, and dusted. Next the paper threads are dipped into a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids. The moisture is pressed out of it and the remainder is ground fine. It is mixed with ether, alcohol, camphor, and other things to form a dough-like mass. Under hydraulic pressure the dough is kneade<l and moulded intu cakes. The cakes are sliced and hung up to season. Dies cut tho material into its final form, and it is shaped, polished, and drilled. While the ma terial is still plastic tho proper dyes are added. The most common color ings aro ivory, tortoiseshell, and pearl. Freeing Potato Skins. Next time you bake sweet potatoes try placing a dish of hot water in the oven. You will find that the skins do not stick and cause a waste.â€" Mrs. F. W. Q. UMminiiuHnnujiiiiiiniiniiHiiitiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiit ^5^rarr â- -â- V'.: M^iik..- SUGGESTIONS FOE BEMO'TINO STAINS Stains of any kind should receive immediate attention, and now that no colored goods are guaranteed last, it is safest to test a small sample ef ih.- material before trying to remove stains from a garment. Colored fabrics are sometimes spoile.l by treating with drastic chemical staiu removers, but by testing the sample colored fabric in advance this will be avoided, and a milder agent can be tried. Water rings, left after a stain is removed, can be disposed of by hold- ing that portion over steam. Here are a few suggestions for ren- ovating some of the common stains that the summer season seems to bring to our frocks and linens. For fruit stains, spread the stained part over a bowl and pour boiling wa ter <lireetly on tlie spot from a height. Should the stain not disappear with this treatment add a little borax to till' w.Tter and try again. Fruit stains ou white fabrics, it stubborn or observed some time after they have happened, should be treated with a fen- drops of oxalic acid placed cnly on the spot. Use the glass stop- per on this and use sparingly. InuuH- diately afterward rinse thoroughly with hot water. Soaking in equal parts of boiling and Javelle water will remove some stains in a few minutes, but Ja- velle should not be used for silks or colored articles. I'se ammonia instead. first testing. Stains left by- milk or cream or ice cream cau be removed easily with cold water. Chocolate stains "shouUl first be covered with borax, then washed with cold water and finally rinsed with boiling water. This applies to eoff'oe stains as well. Perspiration stains left on linen or eotton should be washed in warm wa- ter 1111,1 soap and then left in the sun to dry. Fresh paint stains ean be removed with soap and water. But if the stains are old the spot should Hrst be cov- ered with lard or oil to soften it, then washed with gasoline, benzine or tur- pentine to remove the oil. Tiir stains must first be treated with kerosene, then the fabric should be washed with warm water and soaj . Always handle rntlammable fluids cutdoors. Xever under anv circum- stances attempt to cleanse with them in some room where there is a fiame oi any kind. Some of the silks that are not wa terproof may sliow signs of the rain, but they can be freshened by steam Keep the kettle boiling ha'rd, then shake the spotted article over the steam from the spout until it is moist throughout. Then shake until it is thoroughly dn*. A NEW USE FOE YOUE ALARM CLOCK I find that an alarm clock can be used during the day as well as to help one rise early in the morning. Of+en. when baking, I set it ns a reminder to look into my oven, w-hen doing bits of work in another part of the house. This saves many a cake from scorching. Frequentiy I have just a few minutes to lie down and relax. I set the alarm clock at the time I must go to work again, and find that the rest is more beneficial when I do not have to worrv j about resting too lonv;. I also use m"v alarm clock in taking doses of modi- cine which come several hours apart. The alarm clock has become a most valuable household article. The tenor of inquiries received by the Commission of Conservation indi- eates that some persons imagine that fur farming la an easy business to un- dertake. This is a aerions mistake. Success in fur farming demands a combination of favorable local condi- tions, moderate capital, perseverance in tho face of difficulty and discour- aj^ement, enthusiasm for the work and a sympathetic understanding of wild animals. Fur farming is not as sim- ple as raising chickens and not Aeu everyone who attempts chicken-raising is succesaful. The fox has been kept in captivity for some years and it_has been dem- onstrated that it can be successfully and profitably raised. Its habits have been studied and much is definitely known as to its management. But, with regard to other fur-beareri, com- paratively little is known, though the right kind of man ean achieve suc- cess with mink, skunks, muskrat, bea- ver, etc. He must, however, expect to depend on his own wits and to solve difficulties for himself, without having a store of previous human experience tu guide him. The capital invested in shipbuilding jin Canada amounts to $00,000,000. The I number of marine plants reported in ,1918 was 204, of which 90 were en- I gaged in the building of ships and 114 'in the building of boats. A UTILE OF EVERYTHING Do not put away bread until thor- oughly cool. Old velveteen makes excellent pol- ishing cloths. For ' ' small change ' ' in Abyssinia blocks of salt are commonly used. Baby carriages which are propelled by electricity are no>v to be had. .' Chinese cannot be telegraphed; fig- ures corresponding to certain words have to be used. Seventy-rive years ago the annual production of paper in the world was only 200,000 tons. The Japanese have a pretty custom of celebrating the blossoming of the fruit trees by a general holiday. Antipodes Island, not far from New Zealand, was thus named because it ia directly opposite to London. The Chinese boil all their bread in- stead of baking it â€" or, if baked at all, â- t is browned after boiling. The largest plants in the world are seaweed. One tropical variety is known which, when it reaches it full development, is at least tiOO feet in length. Like many other things which are supposed to be the gift of progress, sh-iiatehinc is an art of great antiq- uity in China, the most stationary country in the world. In France noted criminals are made to speak and sing into a phonograph before their discharge from prison, that in future their voice may be iden- tified, in case of need. The first successful automobile on modern lines was built in Springfield. Mass., in 1891. It was not a financial success at first. Several years later a small steam automobile was put on the market by the same company and sue- eteded. The Investment Value of Newspaper Advertising. pROBLEMS of transportation and the high cost ^ of selling and distributing goods at a distance, have prompted manufacturers to look for "logical markets." "Logical markets" are places that can be served easily and economically. For example : This community is a logical market for many manufacturers whose plants are located here or hereabouts. The manufacturer who can send his gtxxls into this lo- cality easily and n^gularly. ought to Ix" building a per- manent investment here tliroufih advertising in the newspapers. Newspaper advertising will create popular demand. Dealer inteivst and support will come. t<xi, IxTause the dealer knows that news- paper advertising does cre- ate a demand for him to fill. Make this couimunitv a stronghold for your product tlu-ough newspaj.>er adver- tising. You can easily establish now a good will and couti- dence for your product that will prove a permanent in- vestment for the future. \