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CONCRETE FEEDING FLOOR THE FEEDING VAL The question is, what is the value of potatoes foi- feeding purposes when Oieasuied by market prices of (jther feed stuffs. -First, let us consider them in the light of the findings of the chemist. Potatoes arc about two-thirds water to begin with, one and eight-tenths per cent, protein, fourteen and seven-tenths carbohy- drates, one-tenth fat, and eight-tenths per cent. ash. Much is being writ- ten of late about a larger use of pota- toes in bread-making. In this con- nection it might be interesting to com- pare the food value of potatoes with' that of wheat flour A fair analysis of which would be: Protein, eleven per cent.; carboTiydrates, seventy-five per cent.; fat, one par cent., and ash,i 0.5. It is safe to say, therefore, that ' it will require r.iore than :ive pounds of potatoes to equal in nutritive value one pound of wheat flour in all save the mineral properties. However, it is not safe to as.sume that the relative' â- values of potatoes and flour can be determined by the chemist alone, i In the feeding of pigs it has been i found that five and one-half parts of j raw potatoes are required t^) equal onej part of grain, Iwt if the potatoes are •cooked three and a half to four pounds ' are equal in value to a pound of grain. I The starch in the potato is probably i more digestible than that in the grain ' and the presence of a larger propor- tion of mineral in the poiato is a point ^ecidely in its facor. In the early pe- riods in the lives of all farm animals, lime and phosphorus are most import- ant. The writer marketed a bunch, of pigs last fall on which he would have lost money had he not had a : quantity of cheap feed to use in fat- tening them. The loss in gro^wth was occasioned iiy a lack of mineral matter^ in the ratinn. but to get back to the potato, it is safe to say. that if the' potatoes are cooked fr.im three and a ' half to four bushels if the tubers will equal sixty pounds of grain in feed-' ing v.ilue. therefore, when grain is worth $.50 a ton. potatoes may be fig- ured for feeding purposes at from thirty-five to forty cents per Bushel, ' les.s. the e.\pense and trouble of cook- 1 ing them. This is not a very large price for potatoes^ but it open.s the' way to dispose of a lot of small ones ' and in cases where the crop must be i drawn a long way to market and rhe! prices are very low it makes for the j farmer a way out of his dilemma. I Potatoes ;ui.> of l3ss vahie when fed to cows, providing ensilage is available â-  on the farm, bu^ in cases where there' is no ensilage they may be fed in small quantities with profit. j From fifteen to twenty pounds of potatoes per day will answer very] well with plenty of dry roughage. Coming back again to the discussion of potatoes as a food for the human animal, their liberal use should be en- : couraged in every practical way. We ' very much wish that some positive ' work relative to the consumption of potatoes might be included in the ne- gative pro^.rrani of food conservation. Candor compels us to say that we shall probably save no money by the use of a larger amount of potatoes in bread, but we shall sav? flour. If the ma- terial used in bread-making were twenty per cent- potatoes, we should be just as well oflf in the end and the saving of flour would be very consid- erable. VE OF POTATOES. Cull beans, well cooked, are valuable pig-feed when mi.xc-d with cooked pota- toes. It was found by our own ex- periment station that cull beans and corn meal made e.xcellent feed and that pigs were grown in the prop-jr.ion of a pound of live wei.ghi to approxim- ately four pounds of the mixture. If three or four pounds of potatoes are fed for each pound of cull bean?, and if both are well cooked, result? should be equally good. Horse One of the biggest factors in mak- ing a horse comfortable is the care and protection it gets from heat and storms in summer. .\ paddock or pasture with access to a sheii is pre- ferable for idle horses. The barn may be uschI also, but it must at all times be free from drafts and well ventilated . A box stall is always best, but it is not always practical. But a horse should always have a stall to itseif, and this stall should be large enough so that the horse can lie down in com- fort. Have the hames buckied wide at the top. If they are bucliled too tight they will pinch the neck ami encourage an open sore. If necessary, use shorter hame.? so that they will not need to be tightened at the top to fit he collar. It is -a good plan to clip the mane from under the collar dur- ing the working season. It is important in profitable horse production to take good care of the horses' feet. The colt's hoofs must be given constant attention from the time the colt is foaled until it reaches maturity. Even then it needs consid,;rahle at- tention. Often the feet of colts are left to care for themselves. This neglect results in later life in many of the unsoundness common to the fee: and legs of horses. The unsoundnesses cause ; l-.y the lack of care when the horse is young are sidebones, ringbones, splints, bone spavins, bog spavins, ami corns. Unle.is "one has plenty of feeding space in a permanent hog house it is practically impossible to get alon^ and produce satisfactory results in feed- irig hogs out of doors withe ui a cem- ent feeding floor. Although we selected about the driest, sandiest place in our permanent hog pasture for our feeding and fixed permanent troughs on one side, so that the hogs could not only be fed corn, but slop ods of heavy rains this muddied up so there also, we found that during pori- that it was impossible to feed the hogs where we intended. In fact, it got so muddy that the Kogs could .scarcely get to the troughs to eat their slop, and so it was recessary to build a cen.ent feeding floor. In our ease, we built a feeding floor seventy -five feet long and sixteen feet wide, with a cement trough running along one aide and we have swing doors sj that the pigs can be shut out of the troughs while the slop is feci from the out- side. The size and shape, however, of the cement floor will depend entirely upon where it i., to be located and the number of hog.s to be fed. Each per- son will regulate the size according to his necessity. It is better to make a good, perma- nent job wh/e one is at it, and a trench should bo dug which wid mark the outside of the feeding floor and thu< trench should be about two feet deep. This should he filled with stones laid in cement, or else with pure con- crete. If I hadn't had experience I would be inclined to think that this wouldn't be necessary but our hogs rooted under our feeding floor so that it was necessary to build this wall af- terwards, consequently the best way is to build it at first. The feedin,g floor should be entirely above the ground so that when it is finished the surface of the feeding floor ought to be three or four inches above the surrounding ground. This prevents water ruVining on to the feeding floor in times of heavy rains. The floor shouM be planned also so that it will gently slope to one comer so that the water will drain off after heavy rains or the floor will be veiy sloppy. Again, there should bo a ridse of cement around the outside of the feeding floor two to four inches high, otherwise in feeding corn, m ich of the corn will be rooted off from the •platfo-m on to the ground. This raised cement ed^e prevents this. When the trench is built it should .just come above the edge of the ground so that the cement floor can be laid entirely over the wall. Most land would contain so much moisture at certain times of the year that a tile drain ought to be placed around and perhaps through the middle of the feeding floor if it i.s a large one, other- wise, in freezing in the winter time the floor may be forced out of shape. The tile should be placed under the stone wall or in the bottom of the trench clear around, and one perhaps through the centre. This will di-ain thi? land so that there will be no trou- ble cau.sed frtsp freezing in the winter time. The best way to build a foundation for the feeding floor is to pave ground "with cobble stones. I would put the cobble stones right on top of ground and fill in between them with cemen:: morti'.r or concrete mWed quilc net so that it will be evenly distributed all around these stones. This should come tip flush with the top of the stones, then the platform proper can be laiii on top of the stones which should be just level with the face of your trench wall. Now put on a lay- er of cement, two inches thick. This ; can be made out of gravel, pit run. no matter if it does contain some pretty good-sized pebbles. It ought to be fairly rich, say one part of cement to four of gra^-el, and this should be mix- ed rather wet a!.^o and poured on and leveled off with a straight-edgo and it should be troweled down with a wooden trowel so that it will have a rough surface rather than a smooth one so that the hogs will not slip. An opening can be made at the lowest corner so that there will be good drainage for the surface of the plat- form. It is usually advi.sable to feed some kind of slop with the corn to feeling ; hogs. an,l therefore it is verj' handy when building this platform to have a cement trough on one edge of it. This trough .should be four inches high and a foot wide, then it can l>e easily cleaned out with a common barn shovel. Even if it fills full of rain water when heavy rains come, it takes but a moment if the trough is large enough so that the shovel can be used. If one will place this feeding floor just outside of a yard and have swing doors that will swing back over the feeding trough, the slop can be fed and the pigs cannot interfere. I have â- een farmers with large bunches of hogs have a trough in an open field yard and the slop had to he carried with the hogs all clamoriiig for it. Many times the slop is spilled and it is poureil over the hogs a«id much of it is wasted. This can all be prevented by the permanent t:ough with thi3 swing door, as I have suggested. â€" Colon C. Little. YOUR PROBLEMS , Mothers and daughter* of all ages' ars cordially invited to writo to thl» department, initials only wil' bo published with each nuestion and its answer •• a means of identification, bJt fuil name and address must be given m each latter. Write on one side of fia^er only. Answers vkiII Da mailed direct i> •tamped and addressed envelope >s enclosed. Address all correspondence for this department fa Mrs. Hsl«n Law. 23* Woodbine Ave., Toronto. The Safest Investment CANADA'S Victory Bonds Due 1922, 1927, 1937 PRICE 99 Vi AND INT. Sesbltt, Ihomscn fi [ompanl Investment Bankers, Limited Mercantile Trust BldR. Hamilton 222 St. James Strtet Montreal Keep the young pigs growing from .he start. It is the pig's nusiness during this time to develop a good iTame, to gruw bone, muscle, and vital organs, and io lay on fat Plenty of pasture, some grain, exercise, and good sanitary quarters are all very necessary if the pig i> to be both thirfty and profitable. Give the pigs an abundance of good pasturage. They should l-.e kept on pasture as long as possible and gain the benefit of its cheap nutrients es- pecially mineral and protein, and its tonic and digestive qualities. But pigs on pasturage alone, even alfalfa. need some grain supplement. The ;f mount of grain or other concentrated feed used would depend on how much pasturage is available, on the cost fac- tor of grain or other feeds, on the age and condition of the pigs, and the time at which the farmer e.xpects to market them. Less protein supplement is needed when pigs are run on leguminous pas- tures. Under most farm conditions the pigs will gain well on a one to two per cent, grain ration. The self-feed- ing method makes for cheap and rapid gains. If the grain ration is. limited, the hand-feeding method is better. By feeding onec a day in the early even- ing, pigs take greater advantage of the pasture and graze hungrily during the cool of the morning or afternoon. Plenty of fresh, clean drinking water should always be available. Pigs on pasture usually get enough e.xercise. They should have a clean, dry. well-ventiiated shelter to .guard against exposure to storms and to supply shade. A concrete wallow will add to the pigs' comfort, and a layer of oil on the water will keep down lice. Clean bedding also helps to keep away lice as will an oiled sack on a rubbing post, or sprinkle the pigs with crude oil every two weeks. Farmers who ship their wool direct to ut get betttr prices than farmers who sell & tbe general store. ASK ANY FARMER I who has sold his wool both ways, and optc what ba says â€" or. better 8tiU, write lu for our prices ; they wlU ahow you how much yon K>ae by selling ta the Otneral Sto»a W» psjr t!ie blfkcst pric~i of ear arnj in tbe^'juutry Sbdarat'it li: gi-»l wool dealer* la CMkd*. Payment U r<s WLii tbe MUM'tt^ v^ >â-  rtcelTCd. <Up w your vr<)<aM»j~y<Myti It be mere Ihiia plMM«| Uy<M do,it>d ate •MuredofaaqiuiftdotUroaibS. 3 H. V. ANDREWa ^ la^HUHCH 8T„ TORONTO M The poultry house should be built as low as possible wUhmit danger of the attendants bumpins; their heads against the ceiling. .-V low house is more easilv warmed than a h'gh one. SN »»iE TUCIiFTTS T&BGUT Moat of the percniii'\l plants, iF started now from seeds, sown in care- fully prepared bods, will produce good sized plants by autumn. These can be thinned out and allowe.l to remain where they were started, or they can be transplanted as soon as they arc large enough to handle. They should have sufficient time to become es- tablifhod before frost. .'\s soon as the ground freezes they should be pro- tected with marsh hay or straw cov- ered to a depth of three inches. Re- move the covering at the first indica- tion of growth in the spring, .^quile- icia, .\rabis. rtireo.>sis dolphineum^, gaillardia, Iceland poppy, pyrethrum. sweet William, pansies and the many other perennials can be started in this manner. | I.NTER-N ATION AL LESSON ' AUGUST 11. Lesson VI. Christian Helpfulness â€" Luke 10. 23-37; Gal. 6. 1-10. Golden Text, Gal. 6. 2. Luke 10. 30-37 Verse 30, .A. certain man â€" The im- plication is that he was a Jew. From Jerusalem to Jericho â€" One of the routes eastward from Jerusalem to the Jordan, winding down a steep descent of four thousand feet in eighteen miles through a wild region of beetling cliffs and chalky canyons: Fell among robbersâ€" Jesus is calling attention to a well-known experience of the travel- er of that day on this lonely road. The same thin.g has occurred in recent years in this region, inhabited by .\rab tribes, to obtain protection from whom a good fee mujt be paid for the pri- vilege of passing unharmed through their territory. They do not to-day beat travelers but content themselves with strippii'K and robbing him. 31. .\ certain priest was going down that way â€" The force of priests minis- tering at tbe temple services was sev- eral thousand, many of whom resided in Jericho. 'This man was returning home. Right in his road was the wounded traveler, .iust as in our ordin- ary ctunings and goings appear unfort- unate claimants upon our sympathy and help. We need not go out of our way to reach them. They lie before lis. He pa-sed by on the other side - .A. wounded man. all covered with grime and blood, arouses in the dainty priest, afraid of ceremonial defilement, not pity but disgust. He passes by. as many another p«s.-es by the oppor- tunity of lovirg service to a suffering brother. The priest do;->s not even come over to look at him. 3-. In like manner a Levite â€" .\ ser- vant cf the official religion, who wi'h cold curiosity, looks uvon h'm and con- tinues his .iourney Vith no manifesta- tion of Interest, The oriest and the Levite con--idcred that they had done their part in the day's religious life in attending to their round of official tem- rle duties, ynd were now going home, Btit outside of prescribed duties lie the countless providential opportunities f.ir bTOth»rly service. 33, "1 .A. certain Samaritan â€" Roundly hated by the Jew as thi^ de- votee of a mongrel reliifion; a heretic of the wor-t kind, who had defiled the icmple. and whtiSe testimony would not be accepted in a Jewish court. Came where he was . . . saw him , . . . with compassion . . . came to him . . . bound up his wounds . . . . s«t him on his own beast .... brougfljt him to nn inn â€" Left undone nothing that compassion and brother- Iv kindness could do. We may well fill otit the picture- in any way we please, remembering th ;t -fhe Samari- 'rin went the whole length of sym- pathy. s.l'iUTial, helpfulness, gener- o«iiy, and ncrsi^toiU kind'ttieii. S'j. Which now of these three. thinkest thou, proved neighbor? â€" The , inference is inevitable. The lawyer ' finds himself compelled to give an i answer, and oniy one answer can be â-  given. ille that showed mercy on him â€" The answer is virtually forced from him. We may imagine his very ' tones ai he says, "I suppose, he that i showed mercy an him." He would j not defile his lips by saying "Smari- 1 tan" but alludes to him as '"he." Go, j and do thou likewiseâ€"Thus go down all walls of separation between men. : Neighborhood is coextensive with hu- I manit.v. No consideration of race or i condition or religion must separate me from the needy world. Gal. l;. 1, 2, 9, 10 Verse 1. If a man be overtaken an any trespass â€" Some sin due to the frailty of human nature. The weak- ness of men makes ill possible for even those who profess to follow JChrist to fall into sin. When this is the case, what are we to do â€" cast them out or lift them up? Ye who are spiritual, restore, such a one â€" Paul elsewhere exhorts the church to "ad- monish the disorderly, encourage the fainthearted, support the weak, be longsuffering toward all." To re- store a sinning brother is to convert "a sinner from the error of his way" and "cover a multitude of sins." "Ye who are spiritual" are the proper per- sons to undeitake this restoration. Looking to thyself, lest thou also be tempted â€" The possibility of a similar temptation and a similar fall may well temper the judgment with charity. 2. Boar ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ --It is the law of love which should regulate the relations of Christian disciples. "We that are strong ought to hear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves" is the injunction given in the Roman letter ^Rom. 15). The ideal church is where mutual help is the prevailing spirit. 9. Let us not be weary in we'l-do- ing â€" The spirit of helpfulness must continue as long as life itself, for as long as we live we shall be related to those about us and shall have obliga- tions of service and mercy. In due season we shail reap, if we faint not â€" Sometimes in unexpected ways the harven comes. It may be years be- fore the fruitage appears. It is our business to sow the seeds of love and mercy and kindness. 10. So then . , . let us work that which is good toward all menâ€" .As we have opportunity, .And, every day has its opporunity. Special times of crisis enlarge the oi.portunity, W^e are not merely to wait until the acca- sion occurs; we are to seek occasion to do good. ._. . o â- - â-  â€" Aged Diggers Have Set Example. Three old residents of the village of Haveustone, near Ashbyde la- Zouen. l.eic«»stersh!re, whose aftes are 78, 75 aivd 68 regpectivelv, completed the digging and planting of lioij yards of potato ground. * - - Supply of Linen Vanishes. The enormous demand for linen for covering aeroplane wings is rapidly , absorbluK the visil)le supplies of the world, and it may be years before this material can be bought at a reason- able price. j ; Reader: â€" -1. If the leather is badly soiled use a weak solution of oxalic acid to clean it. Make this in luke- warm water or have the druggist pre- pare it. Do not saturate the leather with the liquid, but apply it with a cloth, cleaning a small piece at a time. If the furniture is not very dirty clea/i it with pure white soap and luke- warm water. .Again do not sKjturate the leather, but rub a little of the soap on with a cloth wrung in the water. Clean, rinse and dry a smail piece at a time, finishing each piece before you go to the ne.xl. 2. It is not correct for a woman to prefix "Miss" or "Mrs." to her name in signing it to a letter, etc. S. M.:â€" -A popular and useful rem- etiy for warts is to get some ivy â-  leaves, dry. and grind to fine powder. The warts having been moi.stened with â-  strong vinegar, cover with rhe powder, and bind over with a strip of rag, I j -Augusta: â€" The bride enters the I church walking on the left side of the ^ 'â-  aisle, with her right hand slipped through her fathei*s left arm. On turning from the altar she walks down the same side of the aisle, the left. but she takes the briilegroom's right ' arm with her left hand , Intereste<l:-i-Elizabethville is the name of the Belgian village that has sprung up in the heart of northern England, The population is entirely Belgian and the town reproduces as . faithfully as possible every feature of Belgian town life. The village is named after Elizabeth. Queen of the Belgians, Most of the men of the town â€" some 4000 Belgian soldiers-- are engaged in making shells for the jJritish army. More than three- quarters of the men have been wound- ed, G. M, B.; â€" The most stubijorn at- tack of hiccoughs will yield almost in- variably to this simple procedure: Completely empty the lungs of air, then sip slowly eight or ten mouthfuls . of very cold water, no air being inhal- ; ed until the last sip is taken. The I nostrils and ears should be closed meanwhile by pressure with the fin- ger tips. After the last sip a full inspiration is taken and the pressure removed from the ears and nostrils. This procedure has proved remedial when life was in danger. Columbine:â€"!. Red noses Mery of- ten are due to some digestive disturb- ances, resulting in faulty nutrition, eating of food that is unsuitable. .At- tention to diet, avoiding of rich foods, don't drink while eating, nor eat too quickly. 2. For removal of black heads: Dissolve in a glass of warm water one-half teaspoonful of boric acid. To this solution add one glass of warm or perhaps hot water. Use this wash I sapping it li.irhtly on with cheesecloth. > Do not rub. Usually repetition of this every evening is suf- ficient. Talcum powder left on over night really seems to clog pores, so it is most necessary that remains of "daily dust"' be removed. Farm Girl: â€" Since you are near a town you could earn money at home in the following way: Go to the phy- sicians of your town and obtain from them a list of the names of their tub- ercular patients, who are always ad- vised to subsist on a milk-and-egg diet. By going to these patients and offering products which you know ar« absolutely fresh you can obtain tot them prices which it would be impos- sible to get in rhe market. If fou can not deliver milk every day. make cottage cheese. If carefully made and daintily handled, it brings good prices. If a stream runs through your farm, plant water-cress along ita banks. Hotels and restaurants use it for garnishing. -As it contams sul- phur it is considered an excellent tonic for the hair and complexion and shoulc be usetl whenever it is obtainable. Farmerette: â€" Writ* to Miss Haze! -Martin. Director of Farm Labor foi Ontario, 43 King Street West. Tor- onto, for information as to how you can get placed on the land. If you can milk cows, so much the better. Most farmers are refusing to <ak6 tfirls who do nut know something about dairying. Your, experience or the far.m as a child and young gir' will prove immensely valuable. Gboc luck to you in your venture. .Accord- ing to the most recent statistics. 4.- .538,000 women and girls are now em ployed in dassilied trades under the jurisdiction of the British Board ol Trade and the number is being stead- ily increased. These figures a:e ex- clusive of women employed in small trades and on the land. Domestic servants are also excluded. On the land there ure nearly 300.000 women workers. Before war broke out less than 2(>0,000 wjmen were employed in Great Britain and these were mostly in textile miiis. Home Canner: â€" Here is a home can- ning calendar which may help you during the balance of the year: -August: â€" Fruits, beans, c.Muliflowcrs. corn, Swiss chard, etc., should l)e put up this month, September â€" Can plums, peaches, tomatoes, corn. etc. Remember also that this is the month when plans for winter storage should be made, October â€" Store your crops. What about cellar and pit storage? See storage section of Food Board recipe book on canning. (lr>-ing and storing ••"getables, Novi."'""'' â€" Wp.t^h your stored crops. The attic in which onions and squash should be stored must be frost- proof. Decemberâ€" -Take note of any faiiures in canning, etc. Try some of your dried products. 7:ir~i Hints on Goose Culture. While geese live to a great age. the landers are usually unreliable as breeders after about nine years old. Females, however, have been bred at from fifteen to eighteen years of age. An indication of advanced years is an abdominal pouch of considerable si;'.e. Geese do not roach maturity until their second "r third year, and their eggs do not s'.miw strong fertility. Being naturally a grazing animal, the goose is provided with a bill that has sharp interlocking serrated edges, designed to cut and divide vegetables tissues easily, and the tongue at the tip is covered with hard hair-like pro- jections pointing toward the throat, which serve to convey the bits of grass and leaves into the throat quickly and surely . For a start, a gander and two geose ] are sufficient. Their eggs being very fertile, as a rule, quite a number can be hatched each year. It requires a full month to hatch a goose egg, and incubation is per- formed by either a hen or a goose. -A good-sized hen will cover five eggs, and a goose can take care of as many as fifteen. It is seldom that any of the goslings are lost, except through, accident or exposure to hard storms '. while still very youn,g. ~ The early hatched goslings must be; protected from severe cold at first. A DOUBTFUL COMPLIMENT, Tl# Duchess of Wesimi"- 'er tells a story about an e.x-shah of Peij'a who was very fond of paying compHmints to English ladies When she was pro- seuted, the shah bowed graciously and said: . "I have heard much about you. | Your worthy name is well known even I in my country." i The duchess was surprised at first; ' then a light dawned upon her. i "Gracious nie!" she said to herself, "I . do believe he mistakes me for West- â-  minster .\bbey!" -A few tactfully wt>rded questions proved that she was right. S/oms I'wo Girls of Binbury Town. Two sisters live in Binbury town, As I will tell to you, Mi.-'s Dorothy Ross, with eyes oi brown, -And -Alice, with eyes of blue. These girls a'e as pretty as girls can be; They are always trim and neat. -And they are a charming pair to see When they go down the street. Now all of the folks out Binbury way Know .Alice and Dorothy well. "The Red Cross girls are coming," they say, .And this is the tale they tell: Mi.ss Dorothy Ross, whose eyes are brown, -\nd -Alice, with eyes of blue, (lave set an example to all the town Of something fine to do. They spend no more in a foolish way; They .save the cents and dimes; They eat not half of the sweets to-day Th.'it they ate in former times; They rar«+y visit the "movie" shows; They pass the "bargains" by; For there is a lot to give up. you know. When people really try. .•\nd all of the money they save that way. Our .Alice and Dorothy Ross, They reckon carefully day by day And give to the good Red Cross. .And that's the example they set the town Of something fine to do â€" The sweet little lass with eyes o£ brown .And the one with eyes of blue. When the chimney does not dra\» well, try opening the windows in the room for a few minutes before start- ing the fire, and isee if thai will not help the draught .