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M THE F L E S H E R r N A D V AN C E m- ONTARIO BUYS APPLES Money 5n Orchards When Proper- ly Planted and Cared Tor. BACKYARD OARDr.NINO PAYS Hlntii By an ICiport In tliv Ket-dinK and Care of (be Mare niul Foal. (Contributed by Ontarl.i l><^|iartment of Agriculture, Turuiito.) THE PLANTIxr! of commer- cial apple orchards In (he Province of Ontario Is hlgU- ly desirable fur si-veral rca- eons: â€" 1. Ontario Is not producing enough good apples for home supply, but Im- ports annually froui .\ova Scolin, British Columbia, Washington, Ore- son and California. 2. Production in Ontario is likely lo fall off still more hfciiuse no coin- mcrcial planting is being done. Very lew commercial apple orchards have been set out In this province r,inco 1911. 3. Of the thousanUs of yoiinK tref.s eet in the bloom years of 1905 to J9n a large proportion have already passed out of existence. Probably not more than 20 p.c. of the trees plant- ed during those years will llpure In the commercial production of the fu- ture, and certainly not more than 43 p.c. of them are alive and receiving attention to-day. 4. The home orchard will never agaiii be an important f.irior in com- mercial apple production in this pro- Tlnce, because it l.s not large enough to be worth while. In Beasons when BCab control is difficult or when prices are down because of a heavy crop, the return from the small orchards ts not large enough to justify the ex- pense and risk Involved. When coii- «litions are unfavorable the small or- chard passes quickly Into a state of Beglect; this is why apple growing in Ontario is at such low ebb at present. • C. Fruit is an essential part of diet. ("While it is true that in case of ne- cessity people can live without it. it is also true that health suffers an.1 n^utritlonal complaints become mucli more general in the absence from the dietary of fresh fruits and vegetables. The apple Is the most Important anl most useful fruit of the touiperale zone and, from the standpoint of pii')- Jlc health its culture should not be neglected. â€" Prof. J. W. Crow, On- tario Agricultural College, Ouelph. ' ' Care of Pregnant .Manvi, The pregnant mare should be wol! fed, and given regular e\'re(.''e or Jitfht work. All food and w. ;ei g'^i-n fhould be of flrst-clafs quaJiiy. s^li» ehould l( given more grain tlian th» non-pre^'.nant marc, as shi: has h"i foetus to support. All pns!5;l/le caie Ehoulil be observed to avoi 1 iiiup.qt ive derangements; hence everyt'iinn con- sumed should bo of good quality, •^.i;,- Uy digested, fed in proportion tc t.'i* amount of worlr perfonnoil an 1 iit regular intervals. In addition to hay and oat.?, she should be giv?n a ftny raw roots daily, and a feed of biaa with a cupful of linseed meal, at 'least twice weekly. Work that requires excessive muv fular or respiratory effort Bhould he avoided, so also should plung:n.4 through deej) .snow, slipping, etc. All nervous excitement should bo avoid- ed, so also should sights which frighten her, also offensive odor.i and operations. The use of drugs .should not be tolerated, exopt upon the advice of a veterinarian. If necessary to givi' a purgative it is much safer to glvi^ raw Unseed oil than aloes. Toward.s the end of pregnancy still preatei care should be observed, and, whiiu daily exercise up to the very last <a advisable, it should be given luoie carefully and less of it when she be- comes somewhat clumsy on account <J eize and weiglit. While it is better to allow hor a box stall when in the stable at all times, it is practically ncecKsary af- ter about the tenth mouth of gesta- tion, as t^e period of gestation is Irregular and the foal may be born, without any well-marked pri'mon-- tary symptoms, any time after ten months. After the foal is born the mare Should be given at least two we" Its Idleoess, and if she can he allowi-d to run idle until weaning time, it wiii be ail the better for both herself aud loal. â€" J.H.U., Onurio Agricultural College, Guelpb. Vacant liOt Uardeuins. The majority of the horticiillural Hocietie* In this province have acro.-u- pllshed great things with their vacant lot propaganda. In the cities of To- ronto and Ottawa alone many acres have been, cultivated. Ottawa reports over 100 acres from which 50,000 bushels of valuable garden products 'Iiave been garnered in first-class rci- 4Uion. Those interested in horticul- ture in Toronto through the Vacant Ixit Gardening Association have al.^o 4one a splendid work and in a iari'<- J»ay. • The report Isfued by tho euper- Intendent, Mr. Geo. Daldwiu, states: Number of lots under cultivation dur- ing 1917, 798, all well cultivated. Number of soldiers and soldiers' fuini- lies working lots, 8 0. Average 'â- vjnize of lots 3,000 equaro feet, uU marked with sign hoard. J'Bc«tage of seeds provided 7 20, of ^ Ijich 607 were paid for. Several "churches, hospitals, lionic», girl guides, boy scouts included in lot boldcrs. One lot looked after hy n returned soldier who lo.^t both his legs, another by a man with only one I hand. Tho condition of both these lots would shame those who aro nut thus seriously handicapped. All gar- der.." are inspected once a week kud reminders sent to those who neglect their â-ºlots. The crop.-i produce il have avalufeof $40,000 at a moderate (Sti- mate. â€" J. Lockle Wilson, Ontario Department o/ Agricuture, Toronto. COLTS ARE PROFITABLE When Fed and Cared For Accord- ing to the Best Practice. TO BUILD FARM WORKSHOP Fnll Directions With Plans an<l Bill of Materials â€" They Will Appeal to the I''anner Who Does Htit Own Repairing. (Contributed by Ontario Departireat of Agriculture, Toronto.) THK FIRST WINTER is a cri- tical lime In the life of a colt. The care and attention be receives during this period determines, to a great extent, his fu- ture usefulness. If he be poorly fed, neglected, and allowed to become thin and weak, it Is probable be will never be as good or valuable an ani- mal as he would have been under more favorable circumstances. He, In the first place, should be provided with warm, comfortable and well ven- tilated quarters; ai^d, while he should be taught to lead, and stand tied, it it much better if he have a roomy stall to stand in. The next question is: "What, and how much should he be fed?" In our opinion there is little danger of over- feeding at this age. While there are exceptions, it is unusually safe to give a weanling all he will eat, pro- I vided he gets regular exercise, but I it must be understood that he sliould not be given more than he will eat. It is a mistake to Ueep food before him all the time. He should, with apparent relish, eat all that is given him, in at most 1 Va hours, and thea will bo ready for the next meal when the time arrives. It is not easy to say just how much food a colt of a Riven age and size should consume, but the attendant, if a careful and observant man, will soon be able to determine the quan- tity to be given at each meal, and be able to give sufficient without waste. Hay and oats should be the food up- on which to depend for growth, botfi of muscle and bone. If other grain than oats be given we will take back what we have said about "there being little danger of over-feeding." All food should be of first-class quality. Well-saved clover is the best kind of hay, but where this cannot be got, well-.eaved Timothy makes a good substitute. Hay should be fed in the necessary cjuanllties three times daily, and wo prefer whole, to cut hay for such young animals. The manner in which oats should be fed will admit ot argument. In our opinion, and experience, rolled oats that have been scalded and al- lowed to become cool, and that Ih'^y thrive on such. The practice of mix- ing a ration of rolled oats and a lit- tle wheat chaff or cut hay. In a pall, pouring some boiling water on it, covering and allowing It to stand for a few hours before feeding, gives ex- cellent results. The morning's meal can be prepar- ed in the evenlni,', and the evoning'.^ meal in the same vessel in the morn- ing, ti)e uoon-duy meal being cither dry rolled or whole oats. In addili'in to hay and o;its the colt should do given a eurrot or two with tlie noon meal, and a feed of bran, either damp or Uiy-, at least twice weekly. This may be extra, or in lieu of oats, as is indicated by the apparent require- ments of the colt. His feet require attenti'.m. The wear is usually not ."^ullicient to keep them in pr()i»er shape, tho lies grow long and tho heels deep and narrow, and the wall turns inwards below the quarters. If this he not corrected or prevented, perniane harm UKiy result. The feet should be carefully examined at least once moiilhly and dressed to as near thi! normal sl/.o and shape as possible hy the use of a shoeing smith's knife and rasp. The stall should bo cleaned out at least once weekly. ^ â€" -J. 11. It., Ontario Agricultural College, (Ouelph. A Farm Wurksliop. The progressive farmer recognizes the need of a small t>uiUling where he can overhaul, paint and repair his farm efjuiiiiiient iu the most expedi- tious nialiiier. .Such a building must be coinpaei anil conveniently arrans- ed with a floor space that will accom- modate any of his larger machines. The floor should be of concrete to stand the wear and tear. In making the floor it will be necessary to place the anchor bolts, to which tho sill Is fastened, before the con-'rete has set. The worl< bench, forge and heater must be so plucod that '.he centre of the floor Is left clear, but the bench and anvil must be well lighted. Tho plaring of the long window will de- pend upon whiib side of the shop re- ceiving tho best light. Stairs lead through a trap-door to the 'oft, where the lumber, etc., la stored. This loft is lighted with a window at each end nd It also has a small door at the front, on a level with the floor. Material Kcquircd to liiiild tHu*it. t-Eii J5-D ES 62 4-1 3US 17« 33(i 41 4 1 40 fi 11 :r.S Ji 4? "O ,- tic's za. 1^55 JJc Ridse 1 IxK â- j!* I'late and •111 .. 4 Idxl in 4 2x4 16 Hafters 22 2x6 14 Jolstfi 11 2x6 16 SluddlnK 4:' l.'x4 1'^ Uablis 4 L'xl 16 Oponlnffs .... 4 2x1 Hi Itibbon bnard.. '.; 1x6 vu PollBr tIe.M •i 1 xli 111 1 Pulley bUx.k .. . 1 4x1 8 i I'loorlnp, 1 6 '4' ri'ntcliril. , , Drop gldinx.. . . Ruoiliig Slilplap shin- J! Its, I'. <". XXX., 6mW.. .. Trln. ... I . i , . LiMilllt. 6" n^:itrh« d. . . . . Nnlls and autk. 1 In l'> "• !^ • X i iK . 1 1 lit 10 1^ s. 1 >« III.. 8811 nut) li-.oo 60 lliH. â- iO tlta. 6ANADA Mtlitary Service Act Important Announcement to All EXEMPTED MEN and to the Public Generally IN dealing with the very large number of claims for exemption brought forward for consideration in connection with Class 1 under the Military Service Act, it has occurred, as was inevit- able, that as a result of false statements and difficulties put in the way of investigation, some individuals liavesecured exemption whose proper place is in~the Army. It is not the intention of the Government to allow these men to evade per* manently their obligation to bejir their part in the military defence of the Country and of the ideals for which we are fighting. To do so would defeat the purpose of the Act, ai\d cause grave injustice to men in the second class necessarily called out to fill their places. Exemptions Granted on False Grounds It is, therefore, proposed to scrutinize carefully all exemptions granted to date in order to separate those which nave been granted on false or insufficient grounds from those that are well founded. With this object in view the various Registrar? under the Military Service Act have been instructed to issue a series of questionnaires to exempted men. These questionnaires must be filled up correctly and returned promptly under penalty of forfeiture of exemption tor failure to do so. Exempted Men Who Have Changed Address It is therefore important in their own interest that all exempted men who have changed their address since their exemption Wfis granted and who have not already notified the Registrar of such change should notify him at once. Under the Regulations it is the duty of exempted men to keep the Registrar advised of any change of address, and failure to receive the questionnaire by reason of neglect of this duty must be treated as. equivalent to failure to return the questionnaire after receipt. Citizens Urged to Assist In many instances information hasbeen furnished by members of the public which has led to the caticellation "of ^exemptions obtained by false or mis- leading statements. Further co-operation of this character is invited. The Govcnunent regar4 it as the Duty of all loyal citizens, not only to the Country, but to the meii at the front, .tj^assisi in this way In securing reinforcements on a ^ujt agd legal basis. C^wespbijdence of this character â- will be treated as stnctiy confidential and mil receive the fullest investigation. CHARLES J. DOHERTY, ^inister^ of /«i<tf£.' ] Correspondence should be directed $o JD, LessHe Wilson, Registrar unde'r'lthe K«ntafy'%ervice'A'ct, 'Toronto, diif. 402B ss Htm AiiidkiiiMMIi WHERE ORCHARDS PAY Most Profitable Near Cities When Market Is Convenient. r . r.ABOR IS THE BIG PROBLEM â- Ml n>Mt 90««r T. (Mwn PLAN rian of • Raudy and lucx|>riiMive Workshop Which Mity Be linilt Farmer. Kec AcroniimiiyiiiK Artlrle for D<*tulls. BUSm.ESSCARDS Legal A Thought rill King. A writer in The Pliiladelphia Pub- lic Ledger is reminded of the tale Julian Story once told about his pic- ture of King Edward VII. as I'rince of Wales. "I met His Majosty at tht< i opera in London," said the notod Philadelphia portrait painter, "and 1 made so bold as to ask iiira if 1 misht paint his picture. He arrang- ed an hour with his pqueriy. Sir Henry 1'on.ionby, and he came to my Kensington studio. Thinking the I first-appointed hour might be the last !as â- well, I worked with all my might. !Now and then he'd leave the dais and saunter about the room looking lUt things, piillin.n at a big and very jblack cigar. Hut 1 went ahead full itill, lUliiiK in the details till he re- sumed lii.s seat. By the end of the boui' my thumb was stiff from holding It in the palette. He saw me inas- 'sasing it. 'What's the matter, Mr. iStoryT h« exclaimed. 1 told him, land I showed hiim the red ring the 'lhuuQbliol<> had made around the base |0f the thumb. The next lime he came .â€"he came several times â€" he said: ''I couldn't sleep very well last night. il was worryinB about the rice famine |in India and thinking about the ar- iranBenient.s for the marriage of my daughter, the Princess Maud, to I Prince Charles of D*nmaik. And jthen I wondered if you couldn't have by Any a pad made for your palette so that it wouldn't hurt your thumb." The thoughtfulnesH the anecdote lllus- ~^â€"~~^ Irates was tho secret of the King's hold on tho affections of all who knew him. Societies pUINCE AllTnUfl I,OD(il2, No. :«"(.A.1''..V ^ AM, iiiuetA iti the Mapoiiic hall. Atiii Moiia'B Ill'ioK KlObUuitou, every Friday on hotore the full inucn. T. Homy, W. M. H. W. Hii;UliL,fi, Secrotary. ( 1|()SI:N Kl!lf:M3S- KI»H.«Urii ( omio ( lit ^r ti i'l If.-tiilh .'III uuctH it] CUurit'i* Ha r It t III. It I hit (1 \V ( 4'.M t c'e \ f'' f 61 li ii^f 1 til a H JMII. I'nV AtBI I Infill H 111 )(<ini(l (I' o Lidoietlie tiut i)»\ i>t (fiili Uif t.tl'. die ( iiiiucillur, W, K. illiLt; Iltcti(st), Mir. I..A KiUiiir. I ( ft\AR, llANEY * hKNI!V-l'a.,ii.tnr(..; _ I 'â- ' rlollfitorK.ejc.-I. II. Luoan, K. f. ; W. K,l ! Haiioy. K. c.;\v. 0. iii-ni y, li. .\. ofliceB,' tJermon Efflciency. 1 iraiii nil; MHiiiiiaio i.ucan liinok, riioiie 2 A.' tj«rmany was Well governed In cer- iiaijcii ouico at iiiiiidaikoi>»n every 3Bturj»y. tain particulars; it has crown rich -- - â€" .'and powerful; it surpassed most othe: jstates in a variety ot ways not neces- . 17 uiGiiT. TKi.iOKU A McDONACDisary to enumerate here. But why.' i t Hriin« Hiock.DwoiiBoumi. .stHuiiaid Hatik|/° '"*' """" Steepen in 1 russianlsni I 'fiacii,Kie»iuiton,(Satuiiia\K). w. H. \Vi iKiit. '"ei"© was but one answer possible. I fv'. p. rfllfonlji. ,1. C. Mi'Doimll, I,. I,, I' â- â-  • - JJentistry ||r B. C MURRAY \,. O. S, riental HiirMHOU I h iiOi'«rttiluitt.n of 'Toronto Uuiversity aiul K*.yal t'oilrfio of linital SurRi^ona of Oiitarlu, las sdaiisiiilBtered for teotli eXtraotioii 'J.ce at reBtdciicH, Toronto street. FleB!:ertnn. Business Cards ' OUU.OUtllP* YOUNQ Haiikurrt .Marhiiale (ieiioral baiikiiii; buBiuoBs . Mouey oaiiad at ruaeonaUle rat«» Uall O'.i UB. Medical I P OTTlSWKt.1. ' Veterlutiiy .Siir^jeou irixliiale •>! Ontario Voteilnary Collnno epideiice â€" «3(i%>iid door i^ntitli " we<!t OQ Wary eireot. I bla slrtet raug oiiUi I'reBbytetian Clnirnii. CH4a. E McLean, M D. C M, .S|,c.L-iiiliy-- ^'uri(< ry, Midaif. ry ,V \V •iiu'Ii'h I)i*» iim^s Oi-i icf!' â€" Klehhcrl 111, h w I|..iik>. I'lir. ville- Oon'iiiricinl It- 'i-l. :iS<i t" 1 p.m. Iliiig Flore iti oi'iiiii'i limi wiiIi liiioe. Drtlia; llourn in KUrlifrtun-.WtdiiHBdoy niij Frid.iy nftittiwu - Li^ C> y.tit. Ph'ine riiP^M'il*'?' r."'- n" i'r<'ii<jii rttt,^iitlnn m lx>tli otliici v;\|i\'.-« It was the Government! To this two _|0b]ection8 atnnce present themselves. ]The first is that there are two kinds I â- RTTfiTvwes (^ARTiQ jOr degtees of efficiency; the one like |theirs, which, for want of a better narae, we may call mechanical; the other of a less tangible quality, eas- ily recognized, but hard to define, the efficiency of the individual a.s opposed - ,^^ ^jj^ corporate eflicioncy of the ' r\ Moi'iiAiL, TiioHiaej Au(5-,io me for iiio|COtntnunity. It Is not possible here â€" '^^ Cimnl) of Oiey. Teiun ui'i lurato >i»J,nerhaii!i it i« nnt noinililn ti ull 1 1\ liatiH ««i,m wuHiaulud. Tho aiiaii«BUieut, S"'**?^ u,? I'^f 1"^. ''J-^>»"â€" tO t ami .lattK.f halts can l.ninxri.MU iliK Ai>viM,!c^;<l6'<"'mlne Which of these is the more I oiH.e. i<i*Muiic. 1.11.1 I'.i), ('"ytiii, To I'liirmejto he desired. But It is very appar- '"""'•"'"""' "««â- <>. "7. ei^t that what we call the spirit of ] â€" ;: liberty aligns itsoU rather with in- ' v\!\i. KAl'iTlNd. icoiiEoU Auetloueor loi'dlvidual than with contmunal effl- ' '' tlit couutiei ot Orey and .-hiuoob. cienoy. And to that Bchool liuhtly or I '.iiiii »... .-.una miles a Bpuoiiity. ''''fms wrongly, we beloiif.'. And the second ! njiVinie. tati^iaoiiou ijiaiaiiteeil. AifnuHO- ,„.„„_ ., ,, ,., .1. ,, ^ ,. . I iiouiu lor rlau.s iUiv bo mad., ot Uio aiIvduoo *n«wer is not unlike tho lliat. It is • >iOcii, or t'cutiai lulai-liouu oliiuo taveisUau- that tvc Still await the [.roof that the , otby»ldto..la« luB at Fevorsham. On*. Aealrable factors iu the position which the Ciermans ha'i-i' attained, ar«> duo iwhoUy or even In considerable "part 'to their form of Kovtrniuent. That Is - â- "â- " an assumption wiilch. like too many IlBj(islt>tod ShortKoM l)U I fii- siMuJo,i«^"'"P"ons proceeding from the on 111 5, cm., U t)i;ier C.dlin.ja-.i'i!.*'""^ '^''"'"'' ff'^'^'"' » <'»8nia rather ur«v..l. thi'U o.)i\-. t\'bO, th .rm^h-}'^'*"" ^ p rovable pro posiiiou. I bred t ?4(ir.-.,I, A. Uoiuitidu, Apri'' Utyis, I No rroviiice or State In Nortb Amcrira Has So Large an Arc* .Suitable for .Apple Growing an Has Ontario. (Contributed by Ontario Deimrtment of Agriculture, 'roronto.) THIS QUESTION will be dis- cussed under four heads: Climate, Soil, Labor and Transportation. The Factor of Climate. So far as climate is concerned apples can be grown commercially In any part of old Ontario, south of a line drawn from Parry Sound to Ot- tawii; in fact, there are commercial oi*chards producingg fruit at a profit considerably further north than thi.9. Many people think of commercial ap- ple orchards as being necessarily con- fined to the milder parts of the pro- vince, and to the lake districts, but the iact is worth emphasizing that we liave varieties of apples suitable for commercial culture in every coun- ty of old Ontario. The winter hardi- ness of the many varieties grown throughout Ontario Is now very well established, and it Is possible to se- lect varieties which will be hardy for any district. The most serious climatic difl3culty in the Province of Ontario is the oc- currence' of late frcst in spring, and early frost in fall. Other difficulties of a climatic nature can be lar.gely overcome by the selection of suitable varieties, or by careful discriminatioDi with regard to soil, elevation, aspect, etc. It may be pointed out, however, that frosts are more common- and more severe over large areas of flat counti-y, than where the topography is rolling and hilly. Large areas of some of the southern counties of On- tario are, therefore, more or less un- suited to commercial apple orchard- ing because of their flat character. A more rolling country Is much to be preferred, so that orchards can be made safer from frost by the better air drainage afforded, The choice ot varieties for various districts will be made the subject of later notes. Suitable Soil In Every County. So far as soils are concerned, it may be stated that there Is an abun- dance of land in every county suitable for apple growing. Well drained land is essential for successful orcharding, and there is plenty of soil of this type to be had in almost every dis- trict. Summing up Soil and Climate, It may be said that no province or state in North America has so large aa area so favorable in soil and climate for apple growing as has the Province of Ontario. If this statement is true it becomes obvious that the present distribution of apple orchards in On- tario is dependent on other factors. Most Profitable Near Cities. Transportation is the most import- ant factor having to do with the dis- tribution ot commercial apple orch- ards in Ontario. In other words, the commercial apple orchards are locat- ed within reach of transportation facilities, and the better facilities have been with relation to large ci- ties and to the developing markets of the prairies, the more rapid has been the development of commercial orcharding. A location near a large city may be desirable, but if better soil and climate are to be found at a distance, the more distant location is likely to be preferred, provided transportation facilities are good. Some districts in Ontario possess excellent conditions of soil aud cli- mate, but are lacking in transporta- tion facilities, and until facilities are available little development can take place in commercial orcharding. Labor Situation A'cry Acute. At the present time the labor sit- uation is acute, and is rendered more so from the standpoint of the apple grower by virtue of the emphasis which, very correctly, is being placed upon the production of exportable food stuffs. Tho labor shortage will result in the majority of small orch- ards being more or less neglected. But the large commercial t;rower of apples has been in difficulty for years over the matter of labor supply. For commercial orchard operations on a sizable basis, it is necessary to be within reach of a temporary supply of labor for apple pic"'.ng. Otherwise it becomes necessary to build dwell- ings for men aud their families so that a supply of labor may be always available. The difficulties of the labor situa- tion at picking time can be lessened considerably by the planting of varie- ties which ripen In euccession, and by taking care to get the right pro- portion of each. A largo area of one variety ripening at one time is ex- tremely difficult to handle. â€" Prof. J. W. Crow, Ontario Agrlcutlural College, (Juelph. Bull For Service The Kurehanded Beekeeper. In March the careful bee- keeper will find a great deal to I do in the way of preparing next sea- I son's supplies. All used appliances should be put in the best of shape and necessary new ones secured and prepared before the busy spring sea- son arrives. New supplies necessary, should be ordered at once. The bee- 1 keepers supers are his barns, his bees I are his harvesters, and given barn- I room they will harvest his crop with [ Ics.'; risk of weather Injury than farm- I ers expect iu almost any other crop. I Without BuiBcient barn-room a pet"* I centage of the crop will he lost. Con- ; tuineis sufficient for the largo crop tLat may be expected next season I fhould also be ordered at this tUae. I This applies particularly to present war-time conditions when supplies of ! material are uncertaia. • i-