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THS RELENTLESS PARESIS fe S RESULTS Or A STUDY OF 1.300 CASBS OF THE DREAD DISEASE. li Is Bespeceev .f . . v to Itor* * rreMla *r <" Tksl T*SM|S 11. ai vrr mmmf < IBM rrm rkr4.. After a careful study of more than 1.300 cases of that dread form of insan- ity known under the name of paresis, and. in addition, an examination by au- topsy of fifty bodies of patienU who had died from the disease. Dr. Louis C. Pettit has published a moat interest- ing review of tb subject in the Medi- cal Record. The article was written in what may well be called the medi- eal vernacular, but it is full of facts j of general interest, the more so because of the relentless persistence of the dis- ease when once it has seiied upon a victim a disease of the body and of the mind, a morbid connecting link be- tween the material " Ijaais of mind " and immaterial entity ; a disease that steers its own way in the whimisical classifications of insanities, and at the same time embodies every conceivable psychical type, with true dementia aa a basis, and affective and intellectual or- ders in baa relief. Of the real causes of the disease the Doctor says that very little has been learned, but regarding the complex con- ditions under which it has occurred many statistics have bean recorded. Thus, two-thirds of all the paretics have been immoderate drinkers, and at least one-fourth have been victims of a dis- ease common among sailors and others of like habits. A small proportion have been guilty of excesses other than in drink ; but when all these have been counted out there is a remnant of peo- ple who. after lives that were strictly moral and praiseworthy, became vic- tims whose fate was as inevitable as that of any debauche. More remark- able still, to which mere allusion ia made in the monograph, that paresis appears frequently among debauched men and almost NEVER AMONG WOMEN of like character. Another startling announcement ia that the dreex* disease appears among the robust children of phthisical par- ents. On this matter the Doctor says: " Witnout any special effort on my part, or special object in view, know- ledge of this fact was impressed upon sue by the very large percentage at phthisical relatives : .n the families of over 1.500 patients dying of paresis. Paresis and phthisis may in some manner be related to each other in some mysterious, etiological sense" that is to say. in their origin. "l*are- sis is no respecter of persons, at least of men. neither does it select persona already infected with disease, unless the forerunners be either phthisis " or the other disease mentioned, Of the earlier jymptoms in a patient (t is said that the mental disturbances are the ones tint noticed !>y friends. They see " some t h ing wrong" about him " a ch" .- from the normal state." Then a dirt or U called, and be con- firms their worst fears by means ot physical signs. " One long associated with paretioa grows to recognize them almost at a glance. The expression. in addition to Iving an index to the mind, is accompanied by a m ire or less permanent physical change. There is a lack of expression, a want of stimu- lation from the brain, a slight dropi'm* of the lower- jaw. a tendency toward roundness; or there may be a fixed. stony expression, a lack of that reac- tion which gives character to mental acts. The face at rest, when once put in motion, brings out an entire new feature of the disease, a physical lack of proper coordination. There is a pe- culiar motion of the upper lip when it is retracted, a peculiar tremor in the upper eyelid when it Ls dropped easily over the eyeball and a peculiar tremor in the edges of the tongue. There are tremor* in the hand that indicate the presence of t be disease and others in the knees. Sometimes THK MENTAL not s man of exueaaea, but nineteen percentage of paretics die in the ex.- 'agitated by the fear of premature in- yeari age be bad the misfortune to tresoe stage of the disease. They are lament, aad undoubtedly in pas* times, acquire the disease that is often a fore- carried off by exhaustion from mani- j when medical men did net have at their runner of paresis. Be was treated for acal excitement or frenxy or by mal I rtispeeel the methods for the recoirni- Grman hospital aad din- nutrition or by insomnia, and by other tion of death vhich they now possess, eje> recent this ia a barged cured." dubeequenlly be mar- current diseases In the rare cases. , living individuals may have ned (nine years ago children followed I ). and three healthy , in which the final stages are the the union. After | entire brain and spinal cord space be- five years of married life something i come happened. THE VICTIM tells of his own trouble thus : signed to the grave. But in times all cases of alleged premature in- " I was apparently in good health but began to suffer and headaches to a involved, the' body is drawn up tonne at in this country aa've. upon close into the posture it occupied liefere i examination, proved to be nothing more birth, and the unfortunate being be- than t be delusions i>f superstitious or ig- oome.1 absolutely helpless. And yet. " in t his stage even, thy y may greet you with a smile and possibly an at- tempt at speech ; tbeir eyes look bright ; and there see.ma four years a$o from insomnia slight degree only, when previous to j ering *mlnd that U carousing 'with'anil retiring one night I felt a heavy feeling cajoling death." around my chest and went to the win- dow to get more air ar- 1 ''r- to bed. norant veople, mount or exaggeration added with a considerable a- The fact of an exhumed body being found turned I did not sleep ; was sitting up in the bed when suddenly everything seemed to pass out of sight ; then i felt a burn- ing sensation, as if I waa being cut in two lengthwise with a knife. I lost consciousness for a few seconds ; on re- gaining it I felt an intense burning all over my body, which I could not cool with water. I was then weak on the right side and unable to speak distinct- ly, and my bead felt as ii an iron cap were being pressed down upon it. In two days I had recovered my usual strength and went to work. I con- tinued to suffer from insomnia, and be- The possibility of apparent death be- gan to worry about my future and fam- in, mistaken for real death can only fly. and suffered from headaches and , i y. and suffered from headaches and pains in the right leg and knee and I over the spine. These symptoms last- j reality of death is left to ignorant per- ed_pver two years. jeans. We are quite unprepared to ad- has been confused more or tasa at ' urnng in this country to a medical times, mildly excitable and emotional. ' practitioner armed with the methods ftcult^fh "Si employment, and through unreasonable '" c'nce has placed at his disposal. jealousy became a source of apprehen- i Moreover, even by the ignorant the sion and a menace to hu family So , reality of death can only be questioned be was taken to an insane asylum, and , is now slowly wearing out his life. Irln "> P*rto<i preceding putrefac- Of the duration of the disease it is *ion. During this period various signs said that the " 1.300 cases were under O f death appear which taken collective- asylum care an average period of eleven i ,u.~. . , n months each and had an average dura- * llow of absolute opinion as t tion previous to admission of fifteen i ( e reality of death being given. tbeir eyea look bright ; m the coffin is no prof of premature in- - 1 ? -_* J?_ J" -LL. _ I torment, since such movement may have been caused or tilting or turning of the coffin during its conveyance to or lower- ing into the grave, or may be the result of gaseous distention of toe corpse from putrefaction. The pressure exerted by the generation of the gases of putrefac- tion is rvOTvwxsible tor many phenomena which are apt to be regarded aa vital ones by the uninitiated. As burial is carried out in this coun- try, and assuming that a person still living has been screwed down in an air- tight coffin, it is quite impossible to be- lieve that such a person could ever re- cover consciousness, since speedy asphy- xia must result from the accumulation of the products e>f respiration in the small amount of air within the) coffin With regard to the recorded reen of alleged death where the individuals supposed to have died have yet retain- ed consciousness so as to overhear con- versations, although unable to make any movement at the time, these have proved on investigation to be cases in which the reality of death has been wrongly assumed by ignorant persona, and in which no examination aa to the occurrence of death has been made by medical men. THE BEAUTY OF DEATH, THE GREAT POSSIBILITY OF BEING BURIED ALIVE Case r Tewassws*. h. taspcadef m. 'ri . Aetleai Mgu Bell** I p as an.rr .r ike sic.iitr r sValfc-Aai sir Tara4 in tke * Tnut < fnmmtmn n.i . ' omitted when the decision of the To and t hree-fourths months each ; this | each of these, as a sign of death, excep- 01 twenty-eix and three-fourth- inoe*.* I, , y Perhape be individually taken. i and may he considered as the minimum I c lt * medical opinion is formed Irorn a average, U being difficult to obtain ac- j conjunction of these signs, and not from I curate data as to the invasion of the the presence of an individual one | disease in some case*. A smaller num- ber of cases with more accurate histor- ies raised the average to alwut twenty- eight months. The duration of treat- ment, or period of ASYLUM RESTRAINT ... 1,1 ~' "-" "J" VMSBlSBBBl VMM in all the oases does not equal the per- i ^^ _-i_ iod of duration previous to admission. ' ' lsm - talepsy and a unique feature, aad argues that the | these cases the wart DISEASES STIMULATING DEATH The various conditions or forms of diseases which may occasionally to the casual observer stimulate death are synocope. coma, concussion, hysterical exhaustion ; but in warmth of the body is .ter portion of the paretic's diseased ' retained, and the heart and lungs con- at ing throughout the whole, nuinlier of Of the Catalepsy or trance, and profound ooasidered. 1.200 sleep lasting for a lengthened period, are conditions somewhat similar to the ten to fifteen years'; one' twenty-five hibernation of animals. To a casual yearn, and one thirty-five years. Amorug observer a bybernating animal would but the vital func- arreetea, but are reduced the pulsations of the respiration still occur, and at lengthened in- like manner the autoenti- of not (riven. though feebly It is worth noting that among the tervals In li 1.900 patients thirty-two nations and cated cas more than 250 occupations were repre- profound si sented. Although the census of the C ^,^^1 ,. lnougo presenting to entire asylum shows that two-thirds the or<linar y observer the appearance of birth and de,^ ^y. !,., yielded on careful and prolonged that have been recorded though presenting to of the are of foreign death, have always yielded: on careful more than 80 per cent are of foreign auscultation evidence of the action of the parentage Americans took the lead ^ t d , although the hstttt among the paretics. there being **.;, _.. h whites and 4ft colored natives. Ger- many came next, with SS5 . Ireland had >' ' ''* AND h fcr.BLE. ?<l. Kngland 71, and France 31. The and the respirations reduced to only balance were evenly divided among ! four or five per minute. The very ex- twenty nations. There were two Chin- , oentional case of Colonel Townshend. eae paretics. The common notion that I who apparently possessed the extremely actors are particularly subject to the rare power of partially suspending, by disease is substantiated by the facts. . an act of volition, the actioo of the heart There were about aa many paretic doc- ! cannot even be taken as an exception tors and lawyers as actors, but there . to what baa been sUted above. It ap- were no preachers. In fact, no trade j pears that Colonel Townshend or profession predisposes a person to . the power, by a mere effort paresis, but out of the whole 1.300 there were 10H laJmrers. 50 clerks. 45 tailors. 37 drivers. 35 bartenders. K painters. 32 ci armakers. 31 carpenters. 29 sales- men, shoemakers. 20 waiters. 23 mer- chants. 30 machinists. 18 printers, 1 i possessed ofwilTof so suspending the action of the heart that h was able to pass into a profound sleep, or condition of st no radial pulse could stupor, he felt, in which no beating >f the heart was perceptible, by palpi- tation, and tbe moisture condensed on rs. 17 bakers. 16 herders. 16 en- ' a bright mirror held l his mouth gineers, 15 peddlers. 14 cooks. 13 must- Tbeee. however, are but rough tests of c.ians. 13 porters. so on. U blacksmiths, and are pitiable in the extreme. The pa- tient knows that he is in tb<- clutch. ami iwgs in anguish for help. In others hope goes entirely on learning the fact, and there is but one wish, and that is for an early death. But generally the first symptom is a mere absent-mind- edness. not wholly inconsistent with Efect health. l>ut transitory alternat- states of depression and exaltation ow. and thesx iu turn are smothered in progressive dementia. The patient has vague and in itescri liable sensations and bears hallucinatory sounds. Sune- tiiues marvellous feats are performed. One patient passed months trying to Krow a pansy to ihe sise of a -.1111- ower ; finally he liecaiue irritable and morose, aud a menace to his family. Another purchased six clucks. V 'bud. after many w. n ierful experiences and hair-breadth escapes, extending over a peiiod of one year, presented himself at bis mother's door at 1 o'clock in the morning wnh I ,u> trd laiit-rns SWIIIK- ii'tf .in bus arm. There i.s a clmit demeanor or haUts toward s(-n.lthrifi- inesa or demoralization ; attempts to- ward insuring one's life without ap- pi.i|ii riii- means, and ao on. The die- sin- to ban- in 'iv than one wife, and the crime of bigamy arc m>t infrequent- ly symptoms. Imi rarely U there- any- liiiik' like ili. 'met sexual pervenuun. The ordinary cour*- is first an in- definite |>eriiNl of m:l 1 mental deterior- ation with M -as or apathy. Ihiung this stage pui|>.'s^- acis are performed. Then follow a ghorl |-riixl ot d-|>re> which homicidal or suicidal tendencies develop. The delirium of gnu the condition w! eie the victim imagines |iern . Because " vital and mortuary statis- tics show that a man's means of liveli- hood is not " a factor in causing the disease, there is left " an inherited ten- dency ad highly probable and a com- mon cause staring us in the face. ! It will be seen from the following table that paresis rarely occurs during ' adolescence, and while it frequently at- i tacks early manhood it usually selects > its victims from those MAIM KK IN YKARS. Thirteen hundred deaths were distri- buted through the various periods of Ufa, aa follows : I'a hoscope was onel Towns- An t lHvH.li to ?5 U to 30 30 to 35 35 to Kl I" to 11 U> 30 I n in Ace at Peaib ft U> >i to u > to > 6 to 70 TO to 74 74 to W Caw I*! m S3 * t 1 M.tkinv due allowance for the dura- tion of the disease, it will U> observed that paresis occurs most frequently be- tween the thirty-fifth and fortieth year. and the greater nuinlier die between toe agea of forty and forty-five. Sta- tistics in this country vary but little from tboM already taken from abroad in this respect. If there really was a greater morbidity with us. it would be exhibited probably by an eai.ier mani- festation of the dbsea.se. The al>ove would indicate that paresis does not usually liegin until the age at which I acute diseases most frequently occur is passed. It i suggested that there Is some significance in the fact that the disease frequently attacks those "ii.-v.-r sick a day " in their lives and skips those who have always " enjoyed very health." It is possible that. Dis- like fevers which create tempor- al > delirium may so change the brain and spinal cord that paresis cannot be developed there. There may be an acquired immunity that we have not vet disvoveied," says the Doctor, and the existence or not of respiration and circulation. It must be remembered that, at that time, the stet not invented, and that Colonel bend's heart, must in all probability. have been beating, although but feebly. and his respiration continuing, during the time he was in the senseless con<li tion, a period which usually extended over half an hour. A few hours after one of these experiments, however, the Colonel died. RIGIDITY DlRlNt; I.IKE. The statement is occasionally made that certain forms of rigidity that may occur during life may I* mistaken for mortis. Rigidity 'luring life may occur from tetanus, apoplexy, catalepsy. syncope, asphyxia and hysterical spasm. but presents these three striking differ- ences from cadaveric rigidity 1. The warmth of the body is preserved ; '1. The whole of the body becomes equally rigid at the same moment, due to the occurrence of a general muscular spasm. whe.eas, in connection \viih rigor mor- tis, the rigidity usually commences in the muscles of the neck and lower jaw. and then gradually affects the other parts of the body ; 3. If a joint be for- cibly bent, such as the arm at the as- the limb will, if in a state of spasm from disease, return to its original posi- n. -n when the bending force is re el whereas if it be in a state of rigor mortis it will noi SIGNS AM' I ES The signs on which a medical man should rely as furnishing the be : deuce of the reality of death, prior < 'ominencement of put ret' i change*, are: Kirst. the absence of inulition and respiration: second, the gradual cooling of the Ui.lv the extrem- oolmir first ainl the trunk last: third, gradual supervention of rigor mo" is: Tmirth. the production of jx>st- m.ir'.-m stuias or ecchymoses. The aus- cultatory test was first proposed by Hou- RIDING TO HOUNDS IN ENGLAND. TIM ! Uato .r lli.nic rin.r-. a>w Teat law i>ri to Pvswlar. When one of Queen Victoria's subjects sets out to hunt tbe stag, a fox or a hare, he must be mounted on a good 'erase country horse, as all the world knows, and the quarry is also chased by a full pack of thoroughbred bounds. That the old institution of hunting is not on the decrease there, is shown in the last London Field, which contains a carefully prepared list of tbe hounds, their masters, huntsmen, whips, and tbe hunting days. There are sixteen packs of stag hounds in England and six in Ireland. The English list is beaded by Her Majesty's pack of which the Earl of Coventry is master. The royal kennels are at Ascot, in Berks, and the hounds hunt on Tuesdays and Fridays in Windsor Forest. There is a periodical outcry against the maintenance of the pack from certain London reformers, but t he glory of tbe famous stag hunta is not dimmed. The English fox hounds num- ber 153 packs, some beinrf out as often as four times a week, and the kennels are located in every part of t he land Near Melton Mowtaray. that noted cen t re of (food horsemanship, the famous TII. with the Karl "f I.oniuiale as M K H . and the C'oltesmure. \V. Hair. I master, have their runs, and near tbe equally famous bunting town of Market lUrborough are the kennels of the Pytchley, W. M. Wrought on. master the Pytchley Woodland. Austin Mac- kenzie, master, and Mr. C. W. I! Kern ie's pack. The fixtures include, aa every hunting list published within tbe century has done, the .lays >f the HeUoir. Duke of Kutland. mister; the Duke of Beaufort's pack, and the two Vale of While Horse packs. Earl Bath- ursfs. and Mr. T. H. Miller's. S-ot- laii-l has ten packs, including tbe Duke of Kuccleuch's, and in sporting Ireland there are twenty-one. Harriers are nearly as much in favor as fox hounds. England claiming 110. Ireland 3>. and Scotland S packs Among tbe miscellaneous hunts are announced the fixtures of forty packs of beagles and beagle li.irners. two uf stud book beagles, one of stud book har- riers, and two pacts .if bawtet hounds A pack of beagle barriers is kept at Trinity College. Cambridge. K. R. T. Corbet t. master. The whips in all cases are profession- als, but in some cases amateurs serve tbe huntsman. Tbe Marquis uf Worcester serves in this way in the Duke of Beaufort's pack, with Tom Mor- gan as deputy In many cases tbe mas- ter also acts as huntsman The hunt- ing season is now in full blast and the sporting papers teem with stories uf good runs. then be adds: " Finally, it might well to offer some great person, or |iernapa the Almighty, ends the cycle. I'M- by way of uluatration. U was 'hat of a uun. now 37 years old II tber uiuil of '. utferiug fru.n melancholia. He w.is , more substantial aid to the cause by a few microscopic otwervalions on the p.ueiic tirmn d is UK-He . more than all others, that ten I to convince after frequent autopsies, that paresis is microgeoelic ia origin. It is a re- t;ict that in this disease there is a charm-lefts;" unilininiv :n the !! .ipp.-ar.ui.v of i! s earlier stage (when dtM'h occurs through int.- disease). - are iu a -iimic.il " It Is ,i curious fit- l.i si 11. ill chet. to whom the awarded a prize in French Academy IH for the <i f this iir.iof of death. Rouchet fonii'l thf in all rases of apparent death, although the contractions of the heart were reduced in force ind fre- quency. auscultation enabled him to de- tect the pulsation* of the heart, and so list inguish % >paren' from real d< . !,y a in ill enable him 'o .li^i m- guish a living from * .ta.td Ihidy mi- r > vi< OK PI;'-M \ ' i HI-: IM KK K I olll I llo I That Tired Feeling Mean* daafajr. Una sertoM oaodilioa Mid will lead to dlsaa- trow result* tf It U no* .rver- eome u ooea. It is a ig that the blood it tmporeruhed ami impure. The best remedy to HOOD'S Sarsaparilla Which nsakM rich, red blooH, and thus gives) strength and elas- ticity to the muffles, rigor to the brain and health and vitality to every part of the body. Hood's Sarsaparilla poeitirerf Makes the Weak " I have used six kottlss ol Hood eaparltla as a gsairsl toaie aad I enjoyed the sea* of health, althoaa* I had a strain o( work I have had oo ale* pells for many moctu* sad no lost tine*) so I sm dau bly repaid. " TITO MAS S. HaU* an BruaMlls St., St. John, Mew Brunswick! Hood's Sarsaparilla Is the Only True Blood Purifier Prominently la the public eye. '^ 8 baMtual onUpS tioJc.pbsa, CONSUMPTION CONQUEBED. A P. K Island Lady Restored t Health. ;** Wlik a N.-rkiiz A Sailors Word of Honor. The sailor who walked all the way from Cardiff, Wales, to appear before the. Lord Mayor of London on a charge of ault which might have cost him his liberty is rather an interesting fig- ure. The man was under remand on sureties, and he said he did not wish to break bis word or hia bail. It is a long walk. The poor fellow was on tbe road 7 .1 ivs. and he gnawed nearly all his lot he* for food. The clothes gave nut. and for the list two days be tramped without a meal always with this per- spective of a jail at the end of the jour- ney. It did nut prove, however, to be (uite so bad U that. The l...rd Mayor discharged him. seeing that tbe alleged sufferer by the assault had recovered and sailed away in another ship, and ordered him money from the poor-box to make good his clothing. Nettle Furnishes a Textile Fabric. Among the products that science baa put to valuable service is the net lie, a weed, which is now ! vuu <-ul- ~oine parts of Kiimpe. iis fi!>re proving useful for a variety of textile ft In Dresden a thread is produced from it so fine that a length of (Ui weigh* only J 1-- pounds. FOR TWKXTY-r'IVE \EARS. DUNNS BAKING POWDER sjrcTTPi^NO I.Ai: iEST <VI.K IN C VN VD V tr Pink rill. sftnlei < * tflr BM-lor. llrd Prom the Charlottetown Patriot. Times without number have we read of i he wonitorful cure* effected by Dr. Williams' Pink Pills, but generally the testimonials telling the tale tia>l laid taa eaoe in some of the other pnivmnas) This lima, however, the matter ia brought .iire.-t.ly home, and the testi- mony romes from a much respected and. I'hre-tian woman. Mrs. Sarah Strick- land, now residing in the suburbs at Chariot letown. ha* been married many years, anil blessad with a large family anil although oeTer enjoying a robust onufltitution had. until a year ago. bees in comparatively good health. About that tune she beigmn to feel "run down." br blood became thin and a general feeling ( lassitude louk UHMWUMOO of both her mind and Iwdy Her family an<l friends viewed with alarm the gradual 'ievelopntent of her illness, and when a uoutfh at first incipient, bat afterwanbi aim. t constant. pe. tally at night. set in. dootora ware sum- koaed and everything that loving, teo- W care and tufdi.-ai skill coold do wa resorted to in order to aave the aifec- Joking their Mother on Her Appetite, tionate wife and mother. whose day* appeared to be numliered. Her appe- i it was almost, completely gom- F'1 was partaken of without relish, and Mrs. .Strickland was unable t.o do even the i>rdinary. lighter work >f the houss- hol.l She became greatly emaciated anil in order to partake of even the uuwt .laini y mrahment a simulant had at first to be administered While this gloom hung over the home ami the mother .sorrow fully thought, (if how soon .she would have ID say farewell to her vuim family six- w :LS induced by n fri-n.l ' -i . I'r \V 'illia.ii.* V nk Pills, ('hough utterly -I won raged, and al- tm*>t ilisgutiied with medicine the yield- !! more in a frien.lly way than in a hopeful spirit After 'using the pills for a sborl tune a gleam f h'tv. a wish to H9t well again luok puuMsninii "f tier n<! the treatment was cheerfully coo- iinuel. (t was no false feeling but a ifenuine effi>r' nature was making to re- aosert itself. an<l before many Imxea wen- used the family wen- joking their nx-ther on her appetite, her disap- l>ring cuugh and the fright .he had given them. The use of Kink P'll.i waa rxtiiiinued fr 'iiie tune l>Mter anl m-wr Mrs. Strickland'6 elastic step aud gener- al, excellent health, wmild le<l you to imagine Hi it \"it wero i;szuig utnin a different wuiuao. not '.'tie wh" had bg snatcbad fn-in t hv very jaws of death. She was never in heller health and -I mis. and ii matter what DI hern ay she i.s firm in her belief that Pink Pills saved her life and rU>red her to her wontel health and .strength. I'- William*' Pink Pills are an un- failing cure fur nil tnmblm resulting from [overly of the blood or shattered - and where given a fair trial fail in -A f.s lika that above related Sold by all dealers, or seat < I i p "i<i > > en''< a bn\ T 'i '<JMS for $-J..itl. by I dressing the Dr \VU- liaiiis M<- i Hi.- i' Iti.skvi'l- .int . or - ale mark is on all , .ukogoa