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AGRIC11LTURAL Draining 1 . Drainage i* being studied now by farmers aa never before, and in ail aectioni of the country it ia becoming a matter of first importance. There are very few firm* upon which more or less tile* could not be need with great profit, and a* a rule the farmer who begin* to drain hi* farm will lie so fully convinced of the U-ueritt derived therefro n that he will continue potting in drain* until he hai finished the work on the whole farrr. A heavy clay aoil can never be fanned to the beat purpose unless it is drained and, except for special crops, most of mucky and low lying lands are benefited by a thorough system of drainage. A very few sections of th* country hav* a subsoil that is in such condition that drainage i* not necessary. These are ihe sections where the (oil rest* on a stratum of gravel that allow* th* surface water to pass away through underground channel*. In Home places ailraium of clay lies above the grav- el, and this must he cut through before the water can reach iu outlet. Those place* are so few and limited in area that in com- parison with the whole country or that part of it where drainage is needed, that they are of little importance in considering the subject. Drainage acts in two we)*. It allow* the surplus water to run away quickly, leaving the soil in a shape to be tilled in a short time after heavy rains, and paradoxi- cal as it may seem, it aeps the soil in a condition to retain more moisture than it would if uudrained. A hard, compact clay aoil that in dry times will become bmkeil and lumpy if not drained, will, when a proper system of drainage is in operation, become loo** and friable and retain mnu ture enough to withstand a drought that will wither crop* on low black lands. This i* beaause the drains running through the land are not only pipes for carrying off water but they also allow air tc penetrate every part of the soil and this air carries the moisture with it and result* in benefit to the growing crop. It took a long time to convince farmers that draining was cheaper than open ditches and much more effective, but in theee flays there are few who will dispute the fact, and these few are among the unprogre*aiv* who do not read the paper*. A Convenience in Fruit Gathering. Design* for ladders are legion, some good some bad.and som* indifferent. The quad- ruple slepladder here illustrated must be classed among the good de*iiros,for obvious iaaw.il>. Placed under low, branching tree* it* use permit* one to move about within reach of a large portion of th* whole side of a tree, be- cause of it* four miles, about which one can freely step. More- over, when not occupied ><." /^r*^" ^*^L * "standing Utf|> ^r :*;.'./ . Aa. round -: lh , top afford a an excellent vi AtiKt i-i.I sTsTi.tniiEK. resting place for the basket. It will lie found exceeding- ly convenient for the home orchard, where on* may desire to pick but a backetor twoof fruit at a time, and wishes to make a select ion of those in th* beat condition for pick ing. It should lie made alrong, but light, so a* to be readily moved about. Keeping Up the Milk Supply. Many dairymen have tw> general method* for keeping up the milk supply. The more common plan is to keep the same set of cow* year after year. The remain dry for a month or two, sometimes a good deal longer, but the idea i* to bring them around again aa soon aa possible. Farmer* who follow thi* method usually raise their own stock and take more prule in it, because th* cattle are to be kept dar- ing the animal'* useful period of life. With aa eye to future value, the miloh oowa are not so often injured by over graining, to force a big milk supply. Good cow* are bought and the herd 1* bre.l up to a better standard, when possibl*. Those who practice the other plan usu- ally raise but few animal* and do not breed their stock. They buy new milch cow* from other farmers whenever they wish to inereas* their milk lupply. They buy a cheap grade of oow, and keep them farrow, milking them as long a* profitable, aud then ith*r fatten far beef or exchange for fresh milkers. Often a stocky-built oow when fed .m a high-grain ration can be milked for a long period and then lie all ready for the butcher a* soon as the milk flow stop*. A great advantage of this plan i* that the supply of milk can be much more eauly kept at regular amount, a vary important consideration in runing a milk rout*. Also wher tb* oow* are fed high and fattened for market a lot of rich manure i* aa added source of profit. Of late yean a number of milk farmers have abandoned the old way to adopt this plan. But to succeed, th* dairyman must be something of an sxpsrt in judging th* value of cow*, and in buying cheap miloh oows h* will do well to keep good watch for animala affected with tuberculosis. Such cattle may milk well a* long a* t bey are kepi , and will sometime* lake on tat, but upon slaughtering they would b* con- demned for market if found to be affected. Live Stock Notes. sweet milk is th* very b**t food for young pigs. It is worth more when fed to them than when it i* mad* into butler a ten cents a pound. If there were fewer horse* and mere hogs in thi* country jut at thi* time there would he more money in view for th* atock raiser*. Just now only certain classe* of borst* are in demand at all, while hog* are cash any day. About the largest sheep shearing stoiy we ever heard of comes irom Wyoming, where it is said that one man sheared .Vtfi sheep in ten hours, and another 32. Kverything grows large in thuee uew coun- tries, sven th* stories they tell. Mos*. of the diseases of swine arise from filthy quarters, and feeding too excessivly on fat foiming food. < : ive a good grass range and plenty of purs wa'.er until it is time to . i.i.hm- them to finish for market, and then have clean quarters for them. lion't hurry the horses in hot weather, (live them time to do their work at their natural gait, dive them plenty of cold water to drink and let them rest in the ibade often. Ky doing these things yon wilrget more service from them ; they will feel better and you will be better off your- self. We are glad to note that some of the older breeds of cattle are slowly but surely coming into prominence again. The Jer- sey is all right as a butter machine, but the good old Shorthorn was at one time good for milk and butter both, and as near the ideal general purpose cow as on* could ex- pect to tind. Hog* seem to be holding their own re irarkably well in the way of prices, and at this time there is no prospect of a great reduction. Hogs have paid better than any other class of farm stock for two or three years and are proving themselves to be the beat class of stock for fanner* to depend on one year with another. The IOM of stock from impure water is greater than is usually known. In many cases the acimals do not die but lose con- dition and do not make weight in a satis- factory manner. Where the drinking water has a green scum over it it is not tn for drinking purposes for any animal, and unless pure spring or creek water is in plentiful supply it is good economy to put down well* and erect windmills. This may cost something to begin with, but will save money in the end. NEW DISCOVERIES IN SCIENCE. ml rrer. \i- ..i. KaBMSV Have ! ike t IB...- I ..r.l I lll.r<rrrl pher*. The scientific sensation of the year in Great Britain ia the discovery of a new gas in th* atmoephere, the announcement of which has just been made by the British Association. The honor of the discovery belongs to Lord Kayleigh and Prof. Ham- aay, who kept the result of their inveitiga- tionssecret in order to fulfil the conditions of the prize offered through the Smithson- ian Institution for the most important scientific discovery. Th* experimenters explained to the association fully and convincingly th* results of their operations. They found that nitrogen obtained from air has a dif- ferent density from that of the same gas obtained from other source*. Treating the pure nitrogen of th* atmosphere with mag neaium, the nitrogen wa* absorbed, and the residue was found to be a dense and re- markably inert gas, fifty per cent, heavier than mtr igen and twenty-one lime* heavier than hydrogen. The spectrum wa* new, bowing a *ingl* blue line much more in- tense than the corresponding line in the nitrogen spectrum. The experimenters wer* able to secure only a quarter of a pint of the new gas. While the British Association has accept- ed the discovery a* a most Important one, Prof. Dewar, the expert in analysis of th* atmosphere, is not prepared to concede a separate identity to th* new gai Hi* ex- perience in liquefying air ha* been lhat the product i* always clouded by a whit* de- posit, which, in hit opinion, may b* th* solid form of the new gas, but which he supposed was solid carlmnic acid and other impuntio. As It forms far less than one per oent. he is not prepared to say that the experiments o.' Kayleigh and Kamsay have brought a new atmospheric quantity to light, but th* geneial belief ia that the new gas exists, though not in appreciable quantity in ordinary atmosphere. Discoveries, like trouble*, never come singly, evidently. Simultaneously with the announcement of the discovery of this new ga* come* a report from Baltimore of th* solution of a problem with which science ha* coped unsuccessfully for years. This i* the production of ammonia from the nitrogen of the air. The name of th* dis- coverer is not mad* public nor the process by which h* arrives at result i, but these are of little concern compared with the value ot the discovery, if it be real. Among fertili/.ers the most valuable is ammonia, being composed mainly of nitrogen, and the quest for ammonia in a ohoap form ha* been constant. If the Baltimore discoverer can produce cheap ammonia hi* future n not only secure, but hs will bestow inestimable benefit on agriculture.-. Tb* soil would no longer b* subject to impoverishment and the crop production of th* world would be doubled. LOCOMOTION OF THE FUTURE. LraaVn ef SwICBre learning le llv lllr.m M.Mm . rinl Warblae. For sheer exhilaration there is nothing to compare with a trip on a flying machine- It I eats switchbacks, toboggnns, and shoot, ing the chutes all put together say* the l'ul Mall i-axette. It does not matter if the flying machine only flu* along the ground it Is a novel and exulting sensation ; and th* step to this from flying through the air ia not so great as might be imagined. This was the practically Una nnnous verdict of a distinguished company who travelled down to Bexley one glorioua morning recently, in order to eee for tb*m*elv*, and to try toe famous aerial machine which Mr. Hiram Maxim ha* been engaged on for the last eight year*. There wa* Lord Kelvin and Lord Ray- leigh, Sir Douglas Gallon, Karl Kusnel. Prof. Vernon Boys, Sir Guilfird Mole*- worth, Prof Bell Pettigrew, of Edinburgh, and th* science correspondent of the Paul Mall Gazette. After a short inspection o f the beauties of Baldwyn'* park and the house, guarded by a formidable- look ing Maxim gun, placed in the entrance hall, the party were escorted to where the monster flying machine stood facing the 300 yar^a of track on which it is allowed to run. Everyone got on board for a preliminary spin, and began to inspect the construction. 1 he platform seemed to be an oblong frame work, covered with a wooden grating, and running like a " bogie" on four heavily tlangrd wheels. A web of stays and steels Mippurts stretched upward from this, bear- ing aloft the main aeroplane, a double, stretched sheet of balloon cloth, like an awning tilted slightly upward in front, and orering.eo it was starved, 1.41*1 square feet, Vnh this the machine is just enabled to i lightly, on tip-toe, a* it were, without - risk of its leaving the track and pro- f itself into apace. When all the canvas is on there are ten of the** aero- planes, arranged in tiers or decks, and measuring across the extreme tips of the wings ISO feet. It is impossible to say yet what would happen if the machine were started with all theee trappings, ior Mr. Maxim is too caieful a man to run risk> until he ha* mad* sure of every individual detail. At the item end, starting from the shafts some ten feet from the floor, were two enormous propellers, on which t le interest began to be concentrated. A turn of a lever *et one of these in motion, and as the revolutions become swifter and swifter, the slender frame- work shivered and shook. When the second started, a hurricane grew up. The machine rocked violently back- wards and forwards, straining at the anchor that held it, and threatening to break all to pieces ; cloud* of shavings and debiis aroee behind, showing what the force of the push must be ; and at last, when everything was rea.ly, and th? propeller* were at maximum need, a shrill whistle gave the order to "let K," and the great bird-like structure unded forward with th* speed of an express train upon ita brief career acroes the meadows. It was rather alarming. Th* lightness of the frame gave a feeling of instability, and when th* lift came on the aeroplane one hardly seemed to touch the ground. Every heart rose to it* respective mouth. BRITAIN'S COAL TRADE ENED. THREAT- Market* Hsve Other Aearrra *r l>>t " Week hrir OB. Brmeri coal mine owners are awakening to - .he fact that there are other coal pro- ducing .'ounlnes in th* world than Great Britain and that the development of these deposit* will have a marked effect upon the export of coal from Britisn trine*. Tne Glasgow Herald points ou*, that the min- ng of coal is now a leading industry in quarter* of the globe where it* exutence was not even dreamed of a generation ago. Australia, Chili, Mexico, Japan, Formoaa and India now produce coal in quantity, and in the East British coal will soon be unknown. The annual output in India now approaches three million tons, "yet some of the largeet and richest coal field* are barely tapped." In i89J there were no fewe<- than 88 collieries at work in India, all of which, with one exception, were in British territory. From these mine* the factorie* and shipping oi Calcutta are supplied, and from Calcutta the coaling stations on the coast are stocked instead of from Carditf, the coat at Calcutta being only one-fifth of the 30*1 of imported coal. Bengal coal is also rapidly dis- placing English and Scotch eoal in Burmah, and China, Batavia and the Straits Settlement* are profitable customers. As soon as the trans- Siberian railway reaches Vladlvo stock the output of the Siberian coal fields will find its way into ihoee sea* and a new competi- tor will be in the market. This mean* a serious situation for British mine owners and shippers, who for maay years monop- olized the eastern trade and even supplied the South American and California market. The Glatgow Herald omitted from its list the Vancouver Island deposit* and th* coal measures in the Gulf of Georgia which, sooner or later, will control the trade on the we*t coast of North America, where British coal has now small sale. Th* Nova Sco:ia article, too, will ultimately play an important part in development on the Atlantic coast. Tne talk in England i* to restrict the output so that foreign demand may not exhaust the supply, hut in view of the facts recorded there is little need of f uch restriction. Th* foreign market* haw other sources of supply and much cheaper one*, and Britain will have to market her output in countries which find her the most convenient. NO REST FOR*ANARCHISTS. Tkey will he Hu.ird free* rillar I* Po.i lull I Ifr B>r.iur. B Burrfrn. The Anarchists are going to have a lively nine on both lidia ot the Atlantic. The new French law punishes advocates of vio- lence with solitary confinement for the firat offence, and deportation for the second. The other continental Government* are also up in arm* against th* Anarchist*. The Roeebery Government ha* declined to in- troduce special legislation, but tke atten- tions of the metropolitan police have recent- ly been so pressing that the Anarchist* hav* found London too hot fur them. The United States has generally been the last refuge of theee social ontlawi,but even that avenue is to be closed to them. A bill, which ha* paased the Senate and is likely to become law, forbid* the admission of HELL ON EARTH. The Hew Waal krlllesaratl Which Will BBerred MherlB. A St. PeUriburg letter says it ha* been decreed by th* Czar s Government that Siberia is too good for convict*, and a* *oou at the uew Trans-Siberian railway ha* penetrated it* gloomy depth* it will be turned into a " paradise " for agricultural settlers and mining sharp*, while Nihilist* and other refractory members of Human society will, in the future, be accommo- dated on the Island of Saghalin, off the coast of Russian Manchuria, the eastern terminus of the Czar'* possessions, north of .lapan. So revolting and horrible to civ- ilized nation* is Saghalin that the Csar consented to it* adoption a* an open air prison only after the assassination of Oar- not and the discovery of the recent plot* against his own life. The people and the convict* of Siberia never speak of the island other than ' ' the hell of Saghalin," and it* climate i* aaid to be so much worse than that of Siberia a* to rob this appellation of an exaggerated character, even in the mouths of these lo*t one*. Th* islud is separate.! from the main land by the Gulf or Tarlary, and it* eastern coast ia washed by the Sea of Okhotsk. The Governor of Manchuria ha* reported that a human being not being born on the island cannot live more than a year there. There is no mean* of escape except in the winter, when, if a prisoner can manage to make hi* way 100 mile* north from the prison, it is possible to reaoh the mainland over the ice. The ice bridge i* guarded : still, two or three pris- oners have escaped by dodging behind masses of snow and ice, or. what is far more probable, by*bnbinu[ officials. At the present moment the most inter- esting colonist of Saghalm is Sophie Bluhstejn, a full-blooded Hnssian, in spite I of her I ierman name. She tirst achieved ' criminal renown by pressing her atten- tions upon the Shah of Persia during th* Hatter's visit to St. Petersburg. Sophie < had avowedly no intention of adding hi* Majesty to litrlutof a.imirers, but sought his acquaintance merely for the purpoae of relieving him, if possible, of some of hi* j diamonds. She was foiled in her effort*, ' but succeeded ia having her private car j attached to the Shah's special train. For 1 this piece of enterprise she wa* banished to Siberia for a year, anil while there, organ- ised a band of cut-throats and robber*, whose services ihe controlled on the con- tinent after their term* had expired. Sne i* aaid to be the sharpest criminal living, and in sending her to Saghalin the Kutsian Government claims to hav* conferred a lasting benefit upon the wealthy claaces. and every hand grasped convulsively at I AnarchuU to the United Stale*. Special some solid object, s* though life depended I officers will be appointed at the European on holding on, and th* general sensation I I was on* of rushing through space on the ' crest of a fierce tornado. When the end of the track cam* in view it seemed absolute ly impossible that one oonld stop. A rope wsi itretehed across the course: we crashed through it, then through a second, then a third, and, lo, we drew up in the gentlest and most graceful manner imaginable with- in a few feet of the thickest hedge. It wa* an extremely clever piece of brake ork. The rope* were wound around friction capstans, and the pull increased a* they WHEAT IN RUSSIA. The BaTerl f Ihe S)B*B|B* ' Ike MhertaB Mall road BB train Markets. United State* ('cunul (funeral Jon** at St. Petersburg, in a report, point* to the fact that th* early completion of the Siber- ian railroad ia likely to have depressing effect upon the price* of grain throughout th* world. No reliable estimate can be formed of the probable export of Siberian grain to Europe by this road, and on* rough animate, placing it at d.OOO.lCX) bushels for tb* w**t Siberian section, i* regarded as decidedly too low. Moreover, the complet- ion of the road i* expected to greatly stun ulate the planting of grain in the black oil belt, famou* for it* fertility. In 1889 the Siberian Government produced a surplus of 30,'iOO,000 bushels of grain. To lessen the depressing effect upon the local St. Petersburg market of th* expected in- rush of Siberian wheat a new outlet is being provided by a line of railroad from I'erm, already connected with western Si beria, to Kotlas, on the Dvina river, offer* ing an easy waterway to Archangel, on the .Vhiie sea, whence the wheat can be export ed to other European ooontri**. were paid out, until th* combined action became sufficient to arrest the enormous impetus of the machine rushing at forty miles an hour. Then everybody laughed and declared it wa* delicious, and decided t j try it again. Telegraph Codes. The compiler of a really reliable and comprehensive code n met at the outset of hi* undertaking by a difficulty that *o far has defied all attempt* at solution beyond a certain point. Despite th* fact that the rule* of th* cable companies permit him to lay under contribution eight language*, the total number of word* that can be used with safety for coding purposes is only about 150,000. Th* reaaons for thi* are two-fold. First, the companies decline to permit the use of any cod* word of more than ten letter*, and it i* dangcron* to em- ploy those having Us* than seven, owing to the difficulty of detecting an error in short word*. Further, thousand*, nay hundred* of thousand*, of words an reject- ed because of th* similarity of the tele- graphic lymbels that make up th* letter*. Figure* are rarely telegraphed. The pos- sibility of noting an error In a group of arbitrary figure* i* very remote. Should a letter or two be "jumbled" in a code word, there are various way* of correct ing th* mistake the sense, the context, and refer* noe to th* cod*; but theee guide* do not apply to th* case of figure*. The only rem- edy for a inspected error i* repetition of th* m***ag* at an enohanocd cost of 64) par oent, Numbers, therefore, are expreeaed by a cod* word. Error* In th* transmission of amount* of money are very rarf . A bank- er's cod* contains words for every poasibl, sum of money from a halfpenny up to bun- died* of thousat ds of pounds; and th* auth- or* have exhibited great ingenuity in mak- ing a limited supply of word* do very ex- tensive service. embarkation to warn th* shipown> ers that tuch passenger* will not be allowed to land. Even if an Anarchist succeeds in getting himaelf smuggled in, he can b* arrested on a warrant and sent back tc th* country from which he came, if a resident of the United States, not being a citixen, is convicted of any misdemeanor and it i* ihowu that he i* an Anarchist, hi* expulsion from the country can h* ordered, and the mere fact of hi* return will b* enough to secure his impris- onment in the penitentiary after which he will be again deported. The enforcement of the law will not only prevent the admis- ion of foreign Anarchists to th* States, but will bring about th* cxpuliion of th* large number already there, if they attempt any open advocacy of their opinion. It i* evident that the Anarchist who i* not able or willing to kesp quiet will b* hunted from pillar to post un'il his life become* a burden to him. But a* Anarchist* show no mercy tc society, they cannot expect society to show any consideration for them. The attempt to crush anarchy springs directly fiom the instinct of self preserva- tion. CHOSE THE PARK TO DIE. cal stale sValer eaalaVa Mad >:>U Ml* Llfelea* *> <! i...i. ( aal a Tree hy a PalleessasL. A Rising Man Warden (to newly arrived convict) In this institution we try to put a man to work at his own trade or profession, so that he can work his way up. What is your occupa- tion ! Convict I'm aa aeronaut. A Toronto despatch says: About 6.43 o'clock on Wednesday Bight P. C. Page, whllt patrolling (juesn's park, discovered silting upright against a beech tree, juit a little south of McMaiter University, th* lif*l** body of an old man apparently about 00 year* of age. The officer examiiifd the pockets of th* dead man and, from document* found on his peraen, learned that he wa* Hiram J. McDonald, of 11 Walton street. Lying close beside the body wa* a *oda water bottle entirely empty. P. C. Page imme- diately summoned the patrol waggon and had th* body removed to 11 Walton atieet. McDonald, who ha* lately been a dealer in picture* and picture frame*, left home after bidding hi* wife good-bye a* niual about 9 o'clock yesterday morning. He then proceeded to the (tore of hi* broth r- in.law, Mr. James Brinutin, where he sat and chatted for a considerable time. Th* ill-health of hi* wife and hi* own poor health and busines* troubles bad lately made him very despondent, and h* discuss- ed hi* troubles for *ome time with Mr. Krimvtin. Befor* leaving he laid something to the effect that he " was not very long for thi* world," bat hi* brother- ib- law took no notice of this, thinking that h* was only a little more despondent than usual. A* Mr. McDonald did not appear at supper, Mrs. MoDouald asked Mr. Bnmitin to mak* some effort to find him. Mr. Kritnstin ought, but when he returned to Walton street he found the patrol waggon already there with th* body. Fifty Miles an Hour at Sea. As the investor of a perpendicular pad' die propeller, Mr. G. A. Haig, is through the English papers preparing the world for the advent 01 rifty-mile-ao-hour ocean iteamers, which, he observe*, would reduce th* present Po*t Offico contract time for Melbourne from 334 to '- 'lays. "Th* mistake made by the fast ships," h* writes, "is in cairving any cargo it doe* not pay, if there are sufficient passenger* going to any part, to pay for 'quick transit'. If they built ship* wholly for passenger*, mails, and parcels, and used the v hole ot th* ship for propelling machinery it would pay them a deal better, and it would be belter for the eargo ateaiuem also. At prevent a great liner will often take cargo for almost nothing iu*t to fill up, injuring her neigh- bor* at first and herself in the end. If we had forty or fifty or *ixty mils passenger steamer* carrying passenger*, mail*, aad parcels, and nothing else to all our princi- pal coloni**, and eight or ten-mile cargo boat*, our business would be done much more regularly and quite a* cheaply a* now. Quick transit passenger* would pay more than at present, but cargo would be carried at more steady and therefore cheaper rate*, and th* few passenger* who could not afford express fare* could go in th* cargo steamer* in th* captain'* cabin, a* used to b* th* rule sixty year* ago." An Infant Phenomenon A real infant phenomenon keep* all th* medical men Mid pedagogue* of the good old town of Brunswick in a state of won. der and delight. The littls son of a local butcher, a baby just two yean old, "tin read with perfect ease anything written or printed in < .erman or Latin characters. A fsw weeks ago three Brunswick doctor* had ths baby introduced to them at the house ot one of the learned gentlemen. Th* first thing the little one did when brought into the consulting room wa* to stand on hi* toe* at th* table, reading out from th* book* that were lying about. All that could be ascertained as to the why and wherefore of this uncanny accomplishment is that, when the baby wai IS month* old, and his grandmother took him out, be always immediately caught sight of the in- scription* over shops, and aiked about them as oaly a amall child can, till b* had fathomed th* meaning of the Utter*. It was the same at home ; book* and news- paper! had greater fascinations than lolli pop* and toys, and whatever the parent* playfully told him h* remembered, with th* result that at the age of two years he read* with perfect *as*. Apart from his accomplish m*Dt in reading, the boy'* de- velopment ii quit* normal. A Platinum Mine. In nearly all th* nickel or* mined ia the Sud bury district there is more or lessplati num. but uot ia paying <| entitle*, except at the Vermillion mine n. ihetownnhip of Denison. Lait week, however, an impor- tant discovery of this rare mineral was mad* in th* township of Snider, not, far from the Tarn O'Shanter mine, and in the most casual way. A well known prospec- tor, who had been out looking for timber for one of the mine* in that vicinity, was going down to a small Uke for a drink of water, when he noticed the peculiar color of the earth thrown up by a fillen tree in a a warn p at th* foot of the bluff. On exami- nation the whole flat proved to be a deposit ef platinum or* much larger and richer than th* on* at th* Vermiliion mine.