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STORY OF Illl DIAMOND klU. The Man Who Corred Out Fame and fortune in South Africa- Cecil Bheslrs's Blr I* Fer ! riarr In neaim ami rewer-The llll*a He VI on I n I IK- niitmonil I lr 1,1, of It I til be r lej l-r.-inlrr ef Cape oln. ap.l Ike I uulr..lllBK lllB<l In Hi- <.rrnl < uni pan* Hi >i llu> < nnl mil Xmiiliola The Mat*bele WAT is ended. Lo Bengula and hU tierce impis have He 1 from the fer- tile, gold-bearing tableland* between the Limpopo and the Zambesi to the marshy, fever- breeding country of the cattle-raising Rarotie. The British have defeated the Matabete* ; the Matabeles will destroy the BaroUe ; the fittest have survived, and the fittest will survive. This i a story of the man who is likely to profit most by the defeat of the Matabeites. For yean he liadhumored their King, whom be nsd ae a stepping stone toward the goal of bis ambition, i'erhape he knew the day was coming when Lo Bengnla would stand in bis way, and was aoute enough to e: that in the course of time the Matabeies would fall icto a pit of tbeir own digging. However that may be, the day diu come when the old King was forced into a war by hi* soldiers, who were positively certain that they eonld annihilate the whites. 'I lie- natural result followed. Lo Bengula has been driven from the land which his father had conquered, and now it will be added to the territory controlled by the man whose remarkable career we will describe. This man dreamed, ten year* ago, of making South Africa, from the /ambesi to the Cape, a solid, glorious, patriotic British colony. He began bis work. His uccen was wonderful. Province alter province fell into his hauds. He saw be- lore him, in shadowy form, the fulfilment of his dream. This is the story of the Hon. Cecil John Rhodes, Prenveroi Cape Colony, Managing Director of the Imperial British South Africa Company, know from Cape Town to Niumkorlo as the Diamond King. He is a man of the Ritmarck mould, a man of whom an Englishman, wiitiug in the Review of Reviews, once said : " He has the face of a C.Tjar, the ambi- tion of a Loyola, and the wealth of a a capital of v>00,000, and owned the rich est mine in South Afrioa. Of this company Cecil Kbode became President and ruling pirit. For nine years, from 1880 to 1SSD, these many companies were iu constant compti. lii.u, pouring their product recklessly upon the market in their frantic struggle against It is true that there is something in Mr. Rhodes's face which reminds one of the strong expression ol the early Caisars, as it itoepicted in the sculptured busts, but further than that the likeness can only be IK II RIIODKS. drawn by the imagination. As to his ambition, pointing one day to a map of Zambesi*, he said to a friend, "AH that Uritish ! That is my dream." Surely Loyola's ambition was not greater than that. And his weal.h -tnc story is still told in Kimberley of how Mr. Rhodes, with childish pleasure, tilled a pail with dia- monds ,and slowly emptied it while. a photo- grapher from the Cape caught the scene w>'h his camera. The Premier of Cape Colony is the fourth son of the late Rev. Francis William Rhodes, who was vicar of Bishop Stortford, Herts, in. England, who died in IXTHat the age of 7'-'. He left two daughters and seven tons. Miat Edith Rhodes is the author of " The Adventures of Five Spinster* in Norway." Of the sons, Herbert, the oldest, died while hunting elephants in the Shire River region in 18i7 i Francis William, the tecnnd, is Colonel of the First (Royal) fyapoont and at present Military Secretary to the Governor of Bombay ; Ernest Freder- ick, the third, is a Captain of the Royal Engineers ; the fifth, Elmhirst, it a Captain ( the Royal Berkshire Regiment ; the nth, Arthur M , is ostrich farming near Port Elizabeth in Africa, and the youngest, Bernard M. , is a Captain In the Royal Artillery. Mr. Cecil Rhodes wat bom at Bishop ftortford, on July 5, 1853, and it therefore fci his forty -first year, fnlsii!!, at the age f III, he Wat sent to live with bin eldest brother, who was then a planter in the jouth of Natal. The family physician had d vised the change, fearing that the young tan's lungs were too weak to stand the air f England. When the rush to Kimberley began, and oil South Afrioa flocked thither in search of diamonds. Herbert Khodes took his broth- er and all the Kaffirs on his farm, to lay ut claimt and hold them. When the work )f digging for diamond! had tettled into yntematio form, and the excitement had tnated, young Rhodes returned to England ami entered Oriel College, Oxford, but the English climate proved again to be too strong for him and he returned to Kimb*r- y- The he story of how he worked hii way up and became a stockholder of many of the companies that war* then organised is a common one in South Africa, and applies to thousands of other men, who now form the aristocracy ol the Cape. But the story of how he rote above all these, and became the greatest power In South Africa it unique. While busily engaged in his mining .1 flairs the idea cam* into his bead one day that he would like to take hit degree. So he studied at odd hours, lometime.i In his oftVe, sometimes at the mines, and one day sailed for England, piuutd the examination, and came back a If. A. tmoog the many mining companies that were organized at Kimberley was the fain I* Beort Mining Company, whn.li hud me another. The price of diamonds was ower then than it ever was before or hae lieeu since. Every one saw clearly that such a state ot affairs was suicidal, and that the diamond industry was becoming leu profitable every day. .Several attempt* were made to establish an agreement among the companies, but so contacting were the interett* involved, and so stubborn was each company in maintaining its rights, tint these endeavors were nnsucceasfnl. The leading men of South Africa tried their hand at effecting an amalgamation and failed. At the proper time Rhodes tried it, and under his masterful guidance the IVe Beers Company absorbed the others, one by one, until at last, in 18M9, every dia- mond mining company in Kimberlev was " You are one of those men who never approve of anything you don't organize yourself." Rhodes reflected for a moment and an- swered: " I'm inclined to think you're right." In 1890, Rhode* succeeded Sir Gordon *P r 'Kg at Premier of Cape Colony. It was then that he began to push forward energetically the scheme that he had dream- ed of and planned for during all thoie busy year*. With all his might be extend- ed the power of the South Africa Company northward, ever northward toward the /a ruin-si. To the west and east were the posseiaions ot (Germany and Portugal, whose agents had for years been scheming <o gain thai csntral stretch of land which the English call Zambesi*. Rhodes out ichemod them. Slowly but surely he crept- arund the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, cutting them off completely from communication with the north excepting through his land. AH that British! That is my dream." In person the Premier is toll, standing over ix feet in his shoes, and he has a very muscular appearance. He dresses without the least consideration for fashion, is al- ways unaffected and unpretending, and is very plain ipoken. He is not an orator, and when he speaks he has an ungainly way of turning his body about and twitching his hand*. He knows absolutely nothing about gastronomy, eating, and drinking anything and everything that is set before him. In all things but his great schemes he n pecu- liarly absent-minded. Once, it is said. while pondering over a new scheme, he drank a quart of chartreuse which had by accident been set before him. When his attention was called to his performance, he opened his eyes in amazement and then said : "My! I'll have a fine time digesting that . " But be has an iron constitution, and un leas he is killed by accident, or insists on repeating hi* chartreuse performances there is no reason why he should not live to be 90 years old. THE ENGLISH AS COLONIZERS Ha. a Woniim Mere Brain Tban 11 Mail T No ; at a rule it is the other way about, as the average man's brain is larger, and i between 4 oz. and So/., heavier, than the incorporated" in the be Beers Consolidated ] average woman's brain the weight of the Mines, Limited, capital &.KOJMA The diamond industry of South Afrioa was at last controlled by one organization, and from that day to this the price of diamonds all over the world hat, with hut few xoep- tiont remained even and unchanged. To convey an idea of the immensity of the scheme which Rhodes carried through, it is only necessary to cony from the annual report this sentence: " In the fifteen months ending June 30, \WJ-2, there were hauled from the mines .I.XIH.SAA loads of blue ground, yielding 3,03.5,481 carats of diamonds, which realized Mr. Rhode* was ambitious. He wanted to be rich and he wanted to be powerful The tint he knew would rave an easy way for the second, and so for several yean he devoted himself to the accumulation of money. His fortune to-day is estimated at from *X),000,000 to $75,000.000. To him, however, money was merely a means, notf an end. An English writer onoe taid to him : "He would no more dream of hoarding money for hit own sake than a party leade- would hoard the votes of his follower*. A million pounds wa* to him an instrument o power, a weapon of ambition." Cecil Rhode* looked further than Kimberr ley. He was fired by the ever-fresh dis- coveries of gold ai.d other valuable deposit* in the Transvaal, and he resolved to lay hands on tho vast regions lying to the north region*, in his belief, as rich a* any that hd hern discovered yet. His dealings wi'h the diamond mines had brought him into relation* not only with many native chiefs, hut with many influential persons at home, and will 1 their aid, after many voyage* to Kiivland, and lei, thy negotiation! in two continent*, he obtained a royal charter for the linus'i South Africa Company. Thi* success stamped him atone* as the foremost man iu the Cape Colony. Before he obtained this charter he tent trusted emissaries to King Lo Bengula, who ruled not only over Matalieleland but also lorded it over Mathonaland. Ht secured from Lo Rengula valuable mining conces- sions. He planned three railroad* that were to connect Cap* Colony on the south and the Indian Ocean on the east with Ma*honalai>d,and two of the** railroad* are now building. He outlined a gigantic scheme for the formation ot a company hav- ing for it* object the development of the Itei liuanaland protectorate and the coun- tries lying to the north. The objects of this company were to be : I. To extend northward the railroad and telegraph tyttemt toward the /.amhesi. '-'. Eucourag* emigration and coloniza- tion. 3. To promote trade and commerce. 4. To develop and work mineral and oilier concessions under the management of onepowerful orgam/.ation, thereby obviating conflict* and complication* between the various interests that have been acquired within those regions, and tecuring to the native chiefs and -their subjects the rights reserved to them under the teveral conces- sions. Thit toheme Cecil Rhodet oarried into effect. To do this he had to secure the ap- proval and endorsement of England ' great- est men. It was then that he presented to Mr. 1'arnrU's Parliamentary fund th* sum of tin, mill, though his friendt have alwayt denied that he did this to get the Radical support. The Imperial British Smith Africa Company was organized in 1889, with the Duke of Abercorn at President, th* Duke of Kifeat Vioe-l're*id<it, and Cecil John Rh*d* a* managing director. Under the supervision of Mr. Rhodes a polio* force wns organized, the company's working policy was outlined, and the mem- orable march through Mashonaland began. The union jack Wat planted at Fort Sulis bury, claims were laid out, and seon the Million* natives could hear th* pulling ot engines and the noise of Imsy mine*. Before he was 30 years old Mr. Rhodes had been elected to the Cape House of As- sembly from Barklty. Cen. Cordon, who wat on a special minion with him in Basutoland, asked him afterward to ao- company him on hi* minion to Khartoum at hit private secretary. Mr. Rhod*a,how- ver, had just accepted th* office of Treasurer-General of the Cape, and wa* nompelUd to decline *!en. Gordon's offer. They had a quarrel once, however, in the co irse of which (Jnid.ni taid indignantly : adult European male drain being from 49 oz. to 50 ot, that of the adult female 44 oz. to 50 o/. This it partially accounted for by the fact that the average woman herself is smaller than the average man both in tize tnd weight. According to Sir JaniesCrichton- Browne, a well-known authority on the subject, after allowing fora woman's smaller tize and weight, the man's brain is still the heavier oi the two by at least 1 oz. It doe* not necewarily follow that a woman'* brain power i* inferior to that of a man. What she lacks in on* way it fully made up iu another. Although the doe* not a* a rule display to strong a reasoning and critical faculty at man, she excels him in quick per centton and intuition. Nature having endowed woman with different physiological functions to man, her brain power varies in like manner, but in persons of tound mind and body in both sexes, the brains, in one w.y or another, are very nearly on a par in point of power. The more frequent exercise of certain faculties by men hat hitherto, no doubt, en- larged and increased their brain power in those respects, and it it possible that with similar exercise of such powers by women as may naturally be expected from the in- creating athletic, educated, and business- like capaciti** of the women of the rising generation, the woman of the future may be a* tall and have a brain equal in tize and weight to that of a man. Sir J. Crichton Brown* it of opinion that while in such a ca*e woman may gain in- tellectually, she would lose in beauty and grace, and refers, in support of this opinion to tne people dwelling on a range of hills between the Brahmapootra lull* and the SiKirma valley* where the women are ta- preine. They do the wooing, and oontro 1 the affair* of the nation, and property totndt through the woman and not through the man. They are dominant, but at the tame time they are the ugliett women on tike face of the earth. Nelllux Iroa I rum the Ore. Iron-making is a kind of cookery on a huge teal. The earthy impurities must bt "routed" or melted out from iron ore; the necessary carbon must then be properly mixed in from the fuel, or the unnecessary carbon bnrned out. Thit it of manufacture. A wrought-iron bar or plate U alwayt ob- tained from a puddle ball, an aggregation of grains of iron in a patty, semi-fused condition, interspersed with a greater or let* amount of cinder or (lag. Under the powerful action of the rolls the grains are welded together, and a large part of the cinder is squeezed out, but enough remains interposed between the iron granules to prevent them from welding thoroughly and forming a homogeneous mat*. The welded lumps elongate under the process of rolling, ami the resulting bar reeemblea a bunch of iron fibre* of tinewt with minute particles of tlag iuteisperaed here and there. Such iron varies in resistance ac- cording to whether the power it applied with or against the fibre. Steel is th) result of a fusing process. It may be be crucible, Bessemer, or open-health steel, but in all cases it hat been cast from a thoroughly melted and fluid slat* into an ingot mould, where it solidifies and ineady for subsequent treatment, such a* hammer- ing or rolling. The slag being lighter than the steel, it rites on top of the melted bath, and doet not mingle with the metal, which remains clean anT unobstructed, and, after being cast in the mould, oools into a crystal- line homogeneous mats in which no amount of rolling can develop a fibr*. Thin steel possesses a struct tiro more regular and com- pact than wrought iron. Its resistance to ttrains and stresses it more equal in all directions, and ill adaptability to struc- tural use it vauly increase!. [llarper't Magazine. A lake of boiling mud, two mile* in cir cumferance, exist* in the island of Java, near Solo. Masses of soft, hot mud oosUin- ntlly arise and fall, and b^nge mud hubbies explode Ilk* bailo*us, wi'li reports like guct, at the rate of three a minute. The upper third of the face is altered in expression in affect inns of the brain, the middle third in disease* of the chest and the lower third in ih- >li*e*,*ss of the oigant ojnlain-d in the ibdoniual cavity. Comparisoni of the English People with Kastia aid Rome- CB:tllB4 af the Stability ef Ike t s la MMss A comparison of th* colonies of England with those of France show* a remarkable difference in the character of the two. It i* the <li Terence between conquest and occupation. At one time the French teemed to have possessed the power of colonizing countries with their own people. The Prov- ince of Quebec is an instance of that sort of colonization. In our time* the power appears to have vanished, and when 'the French now occupy a territory they do ao not a* colonists, but a* conqueror*. They ettablith fort* and barracks and prison*, build cafes, ohantant* and opera homes, compel the native* to pay taxes, and con- sider the work of colonization to have been done. The French in Algeria, for instance, are mostly th* troop* o? occupation ; the French in Tonqnin and Annan and Cam- bodia are mostly the men of the garrisons. The English, too, are able to colonize in that way. as witness India, which is he'd by the English a* a conquered country, kept in subjection by a powerful army. Hu*y the English also have a power which the French lack of becoming colonist* in the proper sense of the word ; that i* to say, of occupying the country a* their own, expelling or annihilating th* aborig.ne* and themselves peopling the land with their own natural increase, a* witnees the American colonies, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. These have all been colonies in the proper sense of the word ; the country ha* been occupied by emigrants from England who went with the hope of bettering their condition, and whoee expectation of return wa* remote, and in not a few cue* did not exist at all. The Frenchman, on the contrary, when he goes to Africa, or to one of the French pos- sessions in Asia, does not expect to make his home there, but his fortune, after which he will return to Paris snd spend the it of his life in the ease and luxury of the capital. Th*(iermaii, too, exhibits* singu- lar difference from the Englishman when he goes out from his native land to one of the newly established (<ernan colonies in Africa. He doe* not intend to remain, but to return. THE iicrmi or SFAI*. Th* molt itriking example of the differ- ence between conqueron and colonitlt* U *e*n iu the history of the great empire which grew up in the shadow of the Spanish crown during the century after the ducov- ery of America. At first, Spain, by right of discovery, claimed the entire New World, but as thi* claim wa* contested by all the rest of Europe, the Spanish empire in America was gradually narrowed by de- limitation to the greater part of South America, the whole of Central America and Mexico, the latter being snppoeed to com- prise all the present territory of the South American republic and most of the land west of th* Mississippi River. Beside* it* American possessions, the Spanuh crown also had territories in the east Indies, and, in fact, *o widely Mattered were hi* pos- sessions that Charles V. could truthfully boast that the sun never set upon his do- main*. The subject* of the empire a' that time probably numbered 75,000,000 of people, and the Spanish State wa* undoubt- edly the moat powerful which up to that age had been teen in the world. But the Spanuh had not come to America a* colo nits, but a* adventurers, as soldiers, ai fortune-hunter*. All the element* of colo nial strength were absent. Tb* native population was treated with a cruelty which ha* no parallel in history, ancient or mod era. The atrociti** of the Spaniards were patiently borne by the natives, who, indeed, tor the most part, were incapable of resis- tance, and for 300 yean only a sporadic attempt her* and there wa* mad* to cait off the Spanish yoke. At last, however, the subjugated native* of Spanish America learned their own strength ; the flame* of insurrection brok* out all over South and Central America at the same time; like a milt, the grand Spanish empire vanished, and, almost in a day, Spain sank to th* position of a third-rate power. TheKagltsh, colonists were a different clat* of people. In many caw* they were a* greedy for wealth at the Spanish could pn**ibly be, but they never exhibited the wanton cruel- ty of the latter toward the original native* of th* soil where they established them selves, snd although they often entered a* conquerors, they required no long time to engage in such lines ot occupation as fixed them definitely to the country which they occupied. ruMI'ARID WITH Rl'SSIA. equaled 2.000,000 aquae* mile*, w e the mot liberal estimate* of it* popuU'ion place) the number at 50,000,0 0. Com in > with the figure*, tho*e of the Ru-- - minion* of to day, and the empire of K miu beoome* a small affair, not much superior in population to France or Germany, and greatly below either in re*our*e*, while compared with the Anglo-Saxon empire the boasted Rome become* a third-rate power. CONDITION'S Of sTABIIJTY. Nor doe* the empire of the Annlo-l'axon people lufTer when contemplated with refer- ence to it* possible future. I hfl territory at it* command can not be adequately peopled for 500 yean, even if no additions were made to it* area during that time. Only a email part, comparatively (peaking, of the cuhivahle land of the United State* is actually under the plow ; the land of this country aloce is capable of supporting with ease the present population of the earth. British America is a* yet almost untouched, and yet there is reason to believe that ex- cellent crop* can be grown almost under th* Arctic circle. The cultivated zone U being continually | ushed further to the north. U is not too much to believe that in 1000 the United States will contain 100,000,000 people and British America a fourth of that number, while the possibilities of Austri la and South Africa ate inexhaustible. Em- pires do not grow rapidly. The Roman empire required seven centuries to become fully grown. We do things fatter nowa- day*, out still four or five centuries) would not be too much to allow for the empire of the Saxons to attain it* fullest develop* menu That done, a* the history o- nation - show*, there will be a stand, and probably for three or four centuries more the Anglo- Saxon race* will exercise an immense, pos- sibly a predominant, influence over th* world'* affairs. The supremacy will prob- ably be industrial and commercial at well at political and military, and the adapt- ability of the Anzln-Saxon character to deal with every difficulty, the hardiness of th*) Anglo-Saxon constitution, that enable* it to endure any climate, are sufficient guarantee* ot th* permanence of the Anglo-Saxon dominion wherever it i* established. The wan for dominion in Europe, when compared with the mighty social and political movements that are now going on outside of Europe, become mere side iawue*. The quarrel* of France and (Jermany are mere ripple* on the onrrent of history, for agencies are now ia opera- tion that dwarf European politic* into by- play. If the future is in any way to be judged from the pa*t, the indication* are that the Anglo-Saxon era has come, and for the next thousand years the English- speaking nations will rule th* world. The growth of the Riusian Empire began about the same time as that of the Anglo- Saxon, and has been equally continuous^ In on* respect, also, the history of the two countries bears a remarkable similarity, a* each exhibit* a higher form of civilization dealing with one inferior to ittelf. The gradual growth of the Russian Empire by which ithas reached its present stupend- ous proportions of 8,4,~i7,000 square miles, with 108,000,000 of people, has been entire- ly by military conquest. There was no colonization about it. Russia hat pushed In every direction save well, and in every direction found weak and disorganized na- tions, which fell au easy prey to her an creiiiont. The Russian Empire, therefore, is not a unit. There is no homogeneity. There are over sixty languages and dialect* spoken by the subjects of the C/.ar. There is nothing in common among them save the pressure of the military despolitm that equally affect* them all. Remove the strong arm of neutralized power and Rus- sia would fall into fragment! in a month. Ruisiant, of course, are the predom- inant race, but the Russians alone amount to no more than 75,000,000. Compared, therefore, vith the English races, the Kussiana are forced to fall to the rear. In numbers they do not much exceed the half of tho*e who speak the English a* their mother tongue, while th* dominions of the Czar, vast a* they are, are only halt the site oi those under th* control of th* English people*. Russia is the Roman Em pire of modern times, and if Kunia lufTert thus by comparuon with the empire of the Anglo-Saxons, much more would the Rome of the Cieaars. During th* days of it* great e*t prosperity and wildeet extent the Roman empire did not much txceed, if, indeed, it lite Lale Capitals) WH..H. The following description of Cape. Wil- son, who lost tit* life whils fighting th* Matabelo, was written by an intimate friend of the officer : "Captain Allan Wilson was the son of th* late Mr. Robert Wilton, of Fochaben. He wat thirty-seven yean of mf. To tbo** who had the privileg* of snaring schoolboy sport* with young Wilton, it was a matter of no little surprise when it became known that he ba<1 entered the local branch of th Aberdeen Town and County Bank. He piayrd cricket in a ay that excited the envy of thoae who wen not mere dutiers. He could give hi* co-nrade* yard* in throwing th hammer and in putting the stone ; in run- 111114 and in jumping, AH in all manly sport*, THE LAT rAPTAI-J ALLA* WILSON. he wa* the first not only among :m e-juils in age, but alto among fall crown men. Nevertheless, young Wilson did stick to the bank counter until hi apprenticeship was out. When the period ot hie release csme volunteer* were being asked to join the Cap* Mounted Police in active opera- tion against the Gaika* and (Jaleka*, aal that force had tlii good fortune to secure as one of it* recruit* this young bank olerk. He *aw much hard fighting with them against the Kaffirs during the three yean from 1S7X-HO, and rapidly ros* from th* rank* to th* position of sergeant. For his personal daring during these struggle*, and particularly for his brilliant servxres at the assault and capture of Mooerosie Mountain, where he wat the titst to plant foot on the top, he was awarded th* Kaffir war- medal, and on the expiration of thi* year'* engagement he was at once offered a lieu t enancy in the Basuto Mounted Corp*. With thi* force also he law nuuh active service, and, on the conclusion of the Basnto war he remained in the country. As a hunter, a mining prospector and an explorer he tra- versed many regions not previously visited by any European. During these wandering* he acquired a vi*t amount of pructi'-al knowledge of the country and it* peoples ami language*. It is perhaps unnecessary to refer to the incident* of the present cam- paign, but in all Captain Wilson ha* borne himself manfully." Hi* father died many year* ago, and hit mother wat buried only the other day. Bed I <-ad ri e,-r r. Iron Werlc. In a paper on the influence of chemica agent* in producing injury to iron and steell \V. Thomson referred to the effect* of different paint) and varnishes u*ed for th* preservation of structural irou and tteel from nut. He ttated that after long experiment- ing, he had arrived at the conclusion that red lead paint is the beet preservative. He explained this by the fact that although red lead is a highly oxidiiing substance it pro- duces a akin of th* nncxidizable \nd pro- tective black of magnetic ut-d* un the iron itself iind'T ' k- t>.-.-