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1 VI TUT rDE 1 A T VODTII in inii hilt A I IlUn 1H in an kiinnose Area of Oereal Urowtti. I n ii them limit of wheat cultivation, I will venture to repeat the results of a special ; i tginry into the rapacity for agricultural r ,1,.1,1/ation of the valleys of the Athabasca rarnllrl(r.isu < M|>nreil Wllu u luillnr Hi. In, i iu l.urnpr I In I. II*HIB Iran Srvrral Homrrr* In Ste- ward lo l'rd< (!<rr... Trim* rulurr anil lini.il The following article, by Mr. Jaim U Taylor, for intnyyc.r- I A. M| Peace rivers between latitudes .M ami (in 3 and longitude* IIU C and I'.'o ; , I i\'id n additional Mo<.-k of territory on the b--iiilwii'ers of the Liard Kiver from latitude ."V - to Oil c aud longitude 120- to 1-'"- ; . lUese streams Iwiii" the most southern tri- butaries, nnd, indeed, tlie sources of the gi<-at Mi. kcnzie. Tbe southern moiety l>- ( hern carefully rxplore-1 Ity Prof". <ieor((e M. I' i- i. a' the Canadian i .-oioj!i. .il Survey. -J.nnp >nil<-> from Chicane ."consul at Win- 'and I* 'properly called Athulstscu as coin- anil Dnnnr^an m the Peace River Valley, which from heavy freight!, U to real that every bag of flour by the i mif it reached the missionaries north -if Athtbasca costs upward* of .C. r >. " Equally explicit M thi! testimony of the Rev. J.'Clut, Catholic Kishop of Athabasca, be for* a committee of the Senate of Canada. A frocible and unique illustration of the far Northwest range of the wheat plant in cen- tral Cmiicia wa a suggestim. of Mi. .lames .1 Hill ot .St. Paul. President of tbe Great Northern Railway, before u committee ol the Minnesota Initiator*, that n line of lo Forts Vern ilim i t-|>cvial|y iiDporlunt, a> being tlie pris;ug IIH-; I of the nt'lnent* of the river : w lire wheat and other ceeal* have been sue contribution <f a gentleni.il whose long rei of that nani". Hi- cs' unates its area a* j cessfully rown by Me**i. (larrioch and ii nn 111 tli- Canadian N"rlh West enables , about ,'<l,."sV>H<|iiircuiiles, and adds that " by j MtDnuptll, was the radius of a circle which him to speak with authority npou the sub far tin- largest p.irt may l- clasned oa fertile, enclosed tl> Heroi.ida Islands on the eaat, icct of which he writes. Those who h.\e with un av-r;ij:c elevation aliow tho wa of a , ihe (iulf of Mexico, and >..n KI..I crscoon the nad doubts as In the |ioi>ribililii-i of the little ovsr 'J.ladl fet. In ntq>e< t (<> I'm . -i North-west an wheat growing country, . Peace Km i country, or the Sorllltrn por- will be at once convinced of their error on tion of ,tiie dmtri !l<>( Athabasca, Prof !'.. Triliu(! this eihaustivt- article : . on says tb.it : l;i- ascertamid fact* lea :. The area c.f the wheat, district ol ceil- [doubt on the .-Miicient leuglhjtnd wrfimili tral (Jaoa<l betwc-cu Hu.UonV llay and ' ot t In <-*soii (<i ripen wheat, oat*, a"il I ,r L*k Superior for tleitslrii uud the- Un. ky luv. with all tin- ordinary root crop* auil I 1 will no ,i endeavor, in a few words, to indicate the i ..:.-c*, in my judgment, for thix remark ib'.c nr-i < hwrstward extension ol cereal production : FIRST - Kmu t tu AI.TITI !>. The Union Pacific Railroad rrose ill- d-mie of the Mountain* fnr its wi iU rn ijm.il.iry. and vegeiablr*. The wholt- region 11 1 baracleri/.- [ continent near latitti'ir 4) , with its highest latitudes J0 to B0 hu ! ascertain- 1 ed by Archbmliop Tac-be of SI !l<>nifuce in ! elevation at .Sherman o ( S^,<P<Mlfeet, and with <! to IK- of uniform productiveness ; and by no mmim a narrow aelvtge lieyond tin- in- terniitional lioundary, as intini >td I v Mr. ( ". \\ ixxl l>vu in a recent contribution to the .<n/io. The summary of this grand par- llelopram of cereal growth and maturity is hi* " Sketch of Northern America," in tarms fur more favorable thas he employs with reference to thr South Saskatchewan districts. He speaks of a " fettile country, vexy well suited to colonisation ' on the a seriei of fsvcts and inferences, which 1* the result of considerable experience and obcer- valuing United States Ccnsul at Wmnn-u Let us lint eo>* J -* '" '"">i'i .in-. of norl'""' 1 * 1 ABMmea extended btyoml the (.r.iiru diviaion to the Art-tic and I'arili, Oceans, awl UM> on the map of North America the area enclosed between 1< n^-i tudes 1110 and 170 west of (irernwich au4 latitude* 60 " to 70 c a fourth of thr that at contimnt -embracing tlie I'anadlau pro latitude Athabasca, anil remarks that the valley Watered by the I 'i .in- become people. I. " il,. River cannot Imt Kven more specifif has iy ol early trailers and travslleri. Su- Akx.uider Macfcen/.ie, as far ti.tfk a* I77, KS f a trading utation of the F.Ik or Athabasca, " a* Pet*r Pond, tine a kitchen garden IM he ever saw iu I .- lun.l. Mr. William McMuiray, on oHiier of the Hii-li-on Hay I'onipany, informed me a post established by him in 56", longitude HI* In- obtained average of .'i.fMsitf.-' tor fifty miles east- ward from tbe Kocky Mountains. Thin |tdnutut on the route of '.u Northern Pa ciri,. in or near latitude 7 . in Montana, it i etl in -d to au average o: l.UHl feet : at the crossing of the Canadian Pu.ifi..- Railway, on ih exnith branch of tin- i*sltatheWB, in r. I , to ,>.< tcct : in thi- Athal>u>vcu district, latitude ."i", tu *.(*> fett. andiuthe valleys of the Peace tudes W, to 60'. to i...nl Kivers, iad 1,000 feet- until sub dldlox northeastwardly, tin- plains connect with the navigable channel ot liie Mackenzie at an elevation ot only 300 fee; nbove the Arctic Ocean. This diflcnuce of altitude is , preaeulandprGipet live, of Manitoba Juond crops nf wheat, lrly iii, and all iboift, Saskatchewan, Kcwatin, Mac- > garden ve K e(.iMe>. Sir John Kicbardsoii kencir. Athabasca, Alberta, and Kritish states thai wheat is raired within an alti- tude I-V 'Mi , Imt with an elevation of latitude, considered Tin- Utah Columbia, and the Arnernan Territory and future State of Alaska. How little concep- tion have we from preaeut dct'-lopmenU of what the twentieth century will witness ever tins vaat realm nf luturr. It will auut our prophetic vision to compart- an equal area on the map of Kmope identical in climate aad other natural manifestation*. Trace "0 degrees of longitude tiUeoltand 10 Wtt of (ireenwieh and from latitude M) e t 7" c . and mark the relation- uf man to .nth The Knropean parallelogram ni'-lmli-* Knglsnd, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, .Sweden, Belgium, Holland, and pV^setited by "ft v e jilV'T*, '" JlfTi "' pool, l.ublin. (Jla^ow, WtoCwS: dS^e* ha^'t-ii, Stockholm, IJerlin, <( pctcntlHiru, the --a uf onlv -<UU or MM feel : lx<ve while Mr. Roirt Cainpbell. a retired otl.cer of the j c | llde , thfi mo i,Uire of tin Hu.Uoii Bay Company, who founded Fort , (rom , he ,, 4re<tt , Halketl nraii r the Kocky Mooutaius ir. the valley of III" Li*ril Uiir report* an c\i n meiit of cultivation equally nucecssful. When, therefore, in IHTfl, I become so- licitous, in an answer to hostile criticism in influential quarters of my publications in connection with this, to remove all reason- able doubt of the comparative mean u-in- IwrSttiim .it tbe interior points of cential (riLlsh America, and mv inference* there- from m icxprct to tlir tuteniioo north and west of orreal prodilction. I com ..iwoicti wnii me Kev. A. C. darn, k who had charge of a mission farm of. . vi T " II B wuv n.,. i i ui(T i niNmoii iarm SB, iscow, Nljni-Novgorod, and Aruhitiigcl. the Church of Kngland at Fort VermiUum equivalent to i hmatically. StrriNI" P*i II h basin, a plateau SOO miles in width, at an elevation of S,<inO feet between thr Kocky Mountains aud tbe Sierra Nevada, making a total mountain barrier of 1,400 mile.*, et the I'anti winds the continent, while the interlocking valley* ot the Colum L.... .... i ,1,.. Missouri en the route of tbe Northern Pacific Railroad and ot tn- riwfci and the Columbia river* with the S tskatche wan mi the route of the Canadian Pacific, farillute the mures* and ameliorating influ ence of the Chinook, or west wind ol the Pacific coast to the eastern pmlmont of Mon Una, Alberta, and Saskatchewan : but it in oalv in latitude 66* lo 00 that the re n. triable physical effects occur of the Peace and Liard rivers rising m the western slope> of tlie Kocky Mountain* ami lireaking through its barrier on their courses to the Macken/.io, after interlockingat their sources u iih 'lie Skcuna and the Slickecn. TIIIKII SI-VUKK MoitnTRr. Asa corol lary to tin fen-going facts of reduced alti tude and the mtt-rcolation of tin- Pacific inoistnie. I amsalislir.i that there is no ne cessity of irrigation iinrlliof latitude S0 e , In ihr north Saskatchewan, Athabasca, and Peace Kivor district* there iimuch evidence that the snmmrr rainfalls, without being cxcessiM , t ill exceed the average of Mani- toba and M innnita. Foi I;TII Soi.Aii HI:*T On ti.is subject I a\sil myself of a vey intelligent state UK-HI o'Prnf. .. M. Imwsonof the Canadian t.colnpc.il Survey. "In addition to the favorable climatic londitiors indicated l.y tbe thermometer, th It-ngth favor* t'lt- i.ipnl and vigorous growth ol vegetation .ml takes the place, to a -crtam extent, of !n.it in thin respect. Tins to he the case fiom tin hits Ix-ttn sup- tuxuriance of '" '':> ic.it noith land of Kurope, r*pt-- ci.illv n ' >-.> i ii .in I i ontini-nlal diviiion, I atwjr h* permitted to repeat my own Ian c n^-e. |..ililish<-clat( olni.ilius, (>., in Is.Vi iHHtlici ii hunt of rye I* 60, of b 17 - , and oats even further north. \Vhent h i.ited in Norway to lin... -I" 'it : : in - * t-di ii to lain udl l.J c , m WMitt-rn Kussia to the environ- .. M . Pi; . 'tnrg, latitude, 00, IB; wlnli in .c,v..t Hiiwia tb- limit of wln-.ii ciiltr.il-. oil i|iprarn to . o.-i i.'.i- with tlie piirallil of :-K : nr ."i9 e . It . well ' ..I tliitl the growth of the ci-na'.i.i an. I ot the immt uiu-ful vegetal .!' d-|M -mis regions, but Alplinmic i!t-( ardnlle has put ll.c mattcrU- \ I iloubt by iiibjectinj; it imtirect experi- ini ni. In latitude 56', which may I* taken .t- ;i |iu - iiiing miicli o.' the Peace Km-r t i.untrv, >iinii!H- occurs on the 'JOth of June .it :i:lj a. in., suuset at H:. r <t n. m., w , six di-giecs further south in latitude ."ill , which may be assumed U> represent Mani- toba, Biiinise occurs in the MIUC day at 3:49 n I 1 . sM Civ.-r; hi'itud- V.t , lungittide I It! , m., *unset at :13p. m... tbe duration of witli Kichmd Hardesty, Ksq , long an officer unli K lil in tin- li^t ^^-inx I. hours, 38 imn- in charge "f Fort Kdmonton, on the Sas- ut ~ kult hewan, in aboiit latitude .. . It ngitiule 114.. lames M.Pougall. H. II. C., at Fort iMinnegan, Pt-ace Kiver, and P. F Ixiwris, Ksq., editor of the si,il(t. hewan //rro/i/at Kattleford, latitude .VI , longitude 1O9 ', and nil Man ablelo distribuUi most sat 'factory nam|des of wheat, barley, outs and peas from the crop of l^sii. In rcsjwct to the Pi-.K-t l:-.\.| gr.-ins, I'M- following ex- planation-, wer mini n.. in I In Mr. <l;ir noi-h . "The wheat nent you," he wrote does not do justice to IV. U:\er foi tin- MI tin- int'iititv .mil d.ii.ttioii i f tin- i summer last year was a nuwl unfavorable i list, :nl in coni|iarativly little 'one, the rainfall being double \iii.u w have irlliii-ii'cd l.y tin .. -it-i n\ 1. 1 tin- int. i filurin^ an ordinary seoin i, the ciiiinri|iienre t i I 1. 1 i in low nei of i IM- IIH .11 1 t> MI|H r.iture of which win that tin- straw grew I.HI rank, .mil the wheat from in Ii the uampb wn taken lay on tin- grouml under .lien, hm.; rains for some time .itter it hod IK-HI < ut until it \\ioi |iartly diunaged At any ra'.e, I have IICM-I Unowii poorer wheat raisnd in 1'eace Kiver than we had last year." A Inttt-r sample unlit by Mr. (iarrioch wan from a mission tation on r.-,.,i linn. In Uuuia a* well an in nm i Ii /, ' in. AIIICI i<-n tl.c (iinuner hoat* an- as re- in.ii kiili> u" IK.- winter cnld. The noithoili lii.n ut l.;>Lt. II , .in Ins the mean Bummer heat <-' Rordoaiu, in southern France, or 70 Fahrenheit, luid t 'unilwrland House on In Scikau-hew.o. i IK in this respect or Pari. " I ' .111 add nothing to the dcnionstiation l.\ inii'iini rnlile eiploralioiiH and reports that the navigable channel* of tlie Macki n/.ic .-i-itl the Mistisflippi arr connected by atrrri 'i i \ . : l,.">(Hi i.iili-s m extent, north". S: ''.il. Minn.. I..IMII an average width ' -ii inili-K (l,-_'(Kl,lin<i square miles), which i- Mil>siantinlly ulenti .il in climate aud opposite the junction of the Smoky Kiver, iinicr the Kocky Mountain*, and in a situ- ation of greater altitude than Fort Vermil- ion, but -HKi miles west of South , a lo- entity I ,/iOO miles northwest of St. Paul, or about -J.CXXi miles from Chicago. Of a pack- age of barley, u hulless variety, the seed of which was from Holland, from Fort Ver I,.,- natural resources. There ii a great variety inilion of Peace Kiver, Mr. (iamoili wrole: of illustrations, but I shall limit myself t<> a " For the luiiley no apology u needed. I The prairie's firstling of the spring I gave the Human Catholic priest at this place Ihepojiulai designation of "crocus. a bushel of it thi* spring, and, wishing lo he on the safe side, weighed out fifty pounds, hut on coming to put in hi* buhel measuie wan about two inches rr.ore required e proper hulk." In corroboration of those specific state mi ntn, I find in the .I/IHMO/I I'l'lil of Jan. '.', I ...m Inn monthly publication of the Society but m HII uneinone A. I'mm*, the purple ai. i un. ne, the wind flowtr lull prefer the i Ii iilien'n name-, suggest nd by it* soft, furry . there wan a fii..i, thr "gosl ing' flower, which, with it* j lo make ili delicate lavendar |ietali, ii fully ten days in advan* <-"f "tin i veutureaonifi npring bios- HUB. It i- oft< n githercd on tho MISSIS sippi bluffs near the Fall* of St. Anthony nn the I filh of April. ItappeaiasiiniilUneoui- for the proportion of the (iospel, an abstract of a report of the Kev. \V liompas, liishop It lot the ('hut i h uf Knglnnd in the Alhabaioa f and Mackeii/ui district* his diocese coin | prising the entire Arctic watershed of Kritish Iy on the dry elevations near Winnipeg. w* observed even earlier, on the l:<th \|uil during, lln Sitsk.ii. ht-wan . ainoa.,,.. ol IHK'i, mid u relumed by Mayor Uiitlcr in America o- which the following extracts his " Wild North l.iuid " as iu profusion . .1, are pertinent The excellence of the land in lv. i- I'.i. n. I,.'. 1 1 miles from Si. Paul, i.n the I'eaie Km-r conntry for fanning pur- lin- -..'(ithiit April. Kven lieyond I, (Xn miles [ poses is well known; the soil is rich on the V .kon, within the Ann, circle, Arch- lira, on Mi Donald, a missionary of the Chun h oi Kngland, ha* gathfr'-d the Dower 'it I Iih of May. Kipially siginficanl a* 'I i- h i. . i in riilil of th spring are the re- oi'l i-lmlriK timi in rivers, their nnd prod in live, nnd the climate most salubrious. A mission station is established at Fort \ inilion under the charge of the Kev. Arthur (iarrich, and a church is fast approaching OMI|,|I-I Other mission stations have started at dilleunt |>arts of the river, . :m: ion being hitnultaneous from Fort ml m I H78 a mission farm was begun which Hnl IT \linnesm*, ti Foil Vermilion, the HiBhop hopes will in time obviate the j necessity of pio, ui me .ill the nupplieu ot ing larlhcr .limuosiou tu Hie flour. Ac., (H m lied Kiver, the expense of .'in tin- M nnd 10 hours V4 minutes, or .in hour ami .1 quartet >ii exvcs* in the north. Flllll MlUNIil .1 FkllTlKH ATln 1 -. ( >v ci tlit MIS; northwestern territory, reach- ing fmni St. Paul, in latitude -l.'i , to Fort l.iard, in latitude 00 : a region of vigorou* and dry, but luxuriance ..f of growth, greatly to the advanta fruit and *eel. TUfvifor, ^IM n t wintt-is, cool, moist spring*, inteii"- summers, ihe BOM* item and foliage i- checked in the tint stage to the advantage of the to vegetii til. ii in cold climate* by the rapid incrc.ise and prolonged action of Kuiniin r heat, ha* often been observed, but has been best form- ul.iti-d by l>r. Samuel Furry, a physician and medical writer, who died on S'm - IM I, .mil was bent known for a publication in tin- " American Journal of tJcologv on tin- "Acclimating Principle ot I'luiU," cited ,iUi\t-. He ttates as a uni\t-is.il fact that the i uliitatcd plitnt* yield the greatest product near tin t hcnimowt limit at which they will gruw. Mi* illiiKtration* embrace nearly every plant known lo coinii't-ruc and used citliei lor food or clothing. Cotton, a tn.pn-.il plant, yield* the best Maple in the tempeiale latitude*. Flax and hemp are cultivated through a great > xti-nt of lali lude, hut the lint in southern latitudes. forced into premature maturity, acquires nrii|i> i consutency nor tenacity, and w. mint go to tbe north in Kurope lo find these plants iu perfection. Rice is tropical, yet ( 'ai olma and Florida grow the finest in the world Indian corn is a sab-tropical plant, but it produces the heaviest crops near ihe northeiiunosl liinilH of its range. In the West Indies it rises thirty feet, but pro duces only a few grains on the bottom of a spongy cob, and is regarded only ax a cough provender for cattle. In the rich lands of ihe Middle Stales it will often produce fifty to sixty huftheU to the acre, but in '-.. w York and in New Kngland agricultural societies have actually awarded premiums for I -."i bushels to the ucre. What is a more certain crop in New York, in northern parts of Pennsylvania aud Ohio, and the liallic listricti of Kiirom! tlian in the south either of Kurope or America. In tho spring il in not forced too rapidly into head before it has time to mature fully or concoct its farina. Oats grow in almost every country, but it is in northern regions fection only in northern or cool regions, although they grow anywhere. It is in the North alone that w< raise animals from meadows, and are enabled to keep them fat and in good i rmdition fiom hay and grans within. t ^ ruin. Il in there t!ir gross ac- quirer tuc .ili ii r and consmteney enough not only to mature animals, but to make the richest" butter and cheese. Thr tul*roac, bulbous nnd other I--M.I-. cultivated for hu- man and nunnal su' oisUnce are similarly ai fected by climate, aud manifest habits in corroboralioii of -hi- above principle The Irish potato, nli'imigh from or near the tropic-, will n it . <iiiie to perfection nut in northern or cool countries, or in moist in- sular situation,., as in Ireland. It is in nuc.li cliuuiien only that its roots acquire a farina- ceous consistence and have size, flavor, and iiulrirnci.'. e:iongli the eminent wa, in wbicli they tilde. In the Sooth a forcing sun rut M or* ABKIFT. Fleelac Frosn I reel Task Hnnlern !' *re ilinixi leail When Brneaed. 1 1 iia* lieen known for montliH that m p,t of the precaution taken by European t HII eminent* to *top the export slavt. trade on the east coat of Africa, the Arabs have found means of e*rrymg on the trade ur- n fititiously. The volume of the trade has been greatly reduced, butit still exists, and with the preacnt inaderjuate provisions I against it, there is no reason why it should I not thrive indefinitely. An Arab dhow nas .no dilhciilty ui approaching the western I Ked Sea coaat at some appointed spot where . the country is not inhabited, and iii the ! night time a load of slaves il packed into 10 support animal life in the little reave), and, by morning, the boat i* across the sea, ail ready to dispose of it* load to eager customers. Ventures of the bring* the potato to fructification before the roots have- hod time to attain their proper igualifi- cation-, for nourishment. So far the suggeative illustration* of Dr. Forry. bui will venture to add a further in- stance from the central wheat district of North America. At it* southern margin hi sort arc also carried on in more southern waters. A few of these boat* have been cap- tured, hot more of them elude observation and get to the south and eaat coast* of Ara- bia, where they have no trouble in disposing of their human merchandise. A very remarkable story ha jut reached Minnesota aod Iowa, seldom more than two tne British and Foreiffn Antl-tflaverv Society well-formed grain* are found in each cluster ; <> April 5 lait ten wretched negroes were or lavic-lc forming the row : in northern Mii.neaota. Dakota, and Manitoba three grains become habitual, %ad from hoods of wheat brought to me from Prince Albert on the Saskatchewan and Fort Vermilion on the IVnci- Kiver I have separated five well- formed grains from each cluster or group forming the head, which is a decisive evi- dence that the perfection of tbe wheat plant i* a'.laired near the most northern limit of its successful growth. SIXTH KAI.I. 1'ixiri.iiiM FOR WHEAT. I append to the foregoing summary of tbe successful condition* of wheat culture, a brief reference to the preparation of the soil, if not the sowing of wheat iu the late autumn. The only instance* of injury from frost are where invaluable time U loot in the pring by a neglect of the practice, now un- iversal in Minnesota and Dakota, o: fully preparing the ground for the seed in autumn, which can he supplemented with entire sue cess ID the .Saskatchewan and other north- em districts, by sowing spring wheat sub- ...,-. t IK. fif,^,,(h of October. In 1880, the Hon. A. (i. I!. Rannatyne, of \V m nipeg, sowed all the varieties of iprin wheat exhibited at the Provincial Fair ol that year, in his garden on the 2d of Xoven her, none of which failed to germinate in the following spring (although a mild, open winter would be fatnl), andall were harvest- ed by the Kth of August. The kindred topic- of annual development landed at the port of Kan-ache*, at the mouth of the Indus River, in British India. There were five boys and five girls in the party, and they had had a moat heartrend- ing experience. Aboir. a year before they hail been shipped from the neighborhood of Zanzibar, with about 100 other slaves, by Arabs who had brought them from the far interior of Africa. They were stowed away on a dhow, which then coasted along the southeru part of Arabia, disposing of the slaves at various places, where a ready mar- ket was found for them. The ten slave* with which this story U concerned were sold at a place i ailed Sur, in the I iulf of Oman. The people who purchased them treated them with great cruelty, and, nt lost, decid- ing that tbejr preferred death to such abuse, the slaves caospignfto run away. They opic in high northern latitudes, I will not under- take to discuss, but hoped to be indulged found near IsssViorc a small boat, in which the poor boy and'gltls fot under cover of darkness, and without food 01 water they set sail into the unknown Indian Ocean. It happened that a small package of dates was at the bottom o( t ti.- boat, and thi* provided i a meagre supply of food for nve day*, bat '' | all this time they were withoat a drop of water. Then they drifted aroond for five days more, at the mercy of ths wind and waves, without a paricle of food or drink. Of coarse they had a terrible time, and they were nearly dead when they weie picked up by the captain of a native Indian craft, who attended to their need* with the greatest k indues*, and took them to Karrachee, citing the experience of F.uropean Russia, | whither he wai Iwund. and there gave them especially iu tie district northeast of Mos j ,, ver ^ the care of the British authorities, cow, in respect to fruits. Neither the | Their story was rapidly circuUted and sub- scriptions were raised to supply their wants. Of coarse they are Row free, and the me Provii.ce of Manitoba nor ihe Northwest Territory of Canada, within latitude (km present condition more adverse than the interior of Russia, or the contiguous districts of Siberia and Central Asia, which are equivalent in latitude and other physical relation*. To those regions, apples, pears, cherries and plums have been carried by civilized man in his migrations from milder climate* norihw rd, with gradual change* in tbe constitution nf the tree* until the before- mentioned fruits are successfully grown at and b.-yoml the latitude of Moscow, six degrees north of Winnipeg. Maltehurn dest-rilten a variety of apples grown at Kezusk as weighing four pounds, uf a delirious flavor, anal keeping a long tune. Another variety of apples, grown n the \iuinty of Moscow, which was oroug t rum (lima, i* dcs'-ribed as so transparent that win n held to the light the seeds in it could be counted. Adolph Krman, in his travel* through KIIXS :i and SiU-na in 1H4O, mentions with surprise that he fouud at Torxhok, on the road from Moscow to St. I'cUrnburg. north of latitude 57, and at Vladimir, nurth nf ."H'I deirn-es. that apples and cbi-rrie* of a superior kind were extensively grown and at moderate prices. Sir lieorge Simpson, late tiorernor of tho Hu<h>oii bay Company, ;ive* in his " OxeiUml .limrney Around the Yorld " an account af his visit to Iturnaul in Siberia, which is north of the Little Alti Mountainn and of northern China, and men- tions the cultivation of apple* there. In tin- n-port of Dr. C'trkV travels in Norway and Swcedcn puhh*ht*il in 1H.'!S, i* reference to the excellent apples, pears, plum*, cherries, and s! rawU-rrn-s at Trordhiein in Norway ti.1 c -."i north. of earning a livelihood will he provided. The terrible ricks which these poor children incurred i* a proof of the cruelty of \rab slavers. only tract* or that they moist or elevated till with farina suit able for human sustenance. Hye, barley, buckwheat, millet, and other culmiferou* plant* might be adduced to illuitrate the above principle, for all the habit* require a more noithern latitude than is necessary to tieu mere growth. The grasses are in per Keverling to the leading topic of the unit linii limitation of wheat cultivation on i continent, I will only add two American i -t.es, Mr. Lorin Hlodgeit, in his stan- dard work mi the " Climatology of ?>'orth America." published thirty years ago under the ,i ;pn-cs (if the Smithsonian Institution, oltvci M- " A line drawn from Thiindei 1'iay, on I ..ike Superior, nnri hwctit to the Mai ken / KIM i , at the sixtieth parallel, and from Till, r.oit.ll -nil ol <tlll BXIA MM ! ,- h| Last Week? In the Ctntury for June are remiuiscen ces of the pioneer life by old miner* from winch we take this incident In 1851 Mokelunme Hill was one of the worst camps in California, "Who was shot lost week ?" wa* the first i|ue*tion asked by the miners when they came in from the river or surrounding diggings on Saturday nights or Sundays to gamble or get supplies. answer wan," Men made It wa* very seldom that the " No one." desperate by drink or los that point southwest to the Pacific would include an mum-use district adapted to wheat, with only the local exception of mountain* and morasses," and Mr. J. A. Whcclock, Firit Commissioner of Statistics of Minnesota, IMS estimated that " in the Hudson Hay territory, outside of the old province*. JIIO.UKU'OO acres are adapted to wheat raising," Ikith of these authoritative statements, w iih other competent testimony confirm me in the belief that the river val- leys converging to I. .ike Winnipeg ami Athaliasca have the requisite conditions of soil and climate for the settlement and or- ganization of four territorial divisions, each equal to the State of Minnesota, and that the exchanges of the cotton rone of the lower Mississippi Staten, the corn /one verg- ing on the shores of the great lakes, and the wheat M>ne raging as far north as in Kurope, and the furs, minerals, timber, and lishofthe Arctic district, will in all prob- ability constitute the bulk of the domestic or interior trade of North America. Maidioiialaml, the territory in dupute he tween I. re.it Uritain and Portugal, is a high table-laud, cool and healthy, but bordered on all side* by a malarial region. Portugal and Kngland both make claim to it. Tho possession of this territory is of peculiar im- portance since it is the key of the South African porilion, and commands the Zambesi and the great interior of the continent Through ihe South Africa Company (!reat Itritam is now endeavouring lo enter into possession of it. Portugal, w-ni^h has never occupied it, though for two hundred years it has held its outskirts, disputing her right to do so and resisting her action. The course of the Portuguese Ministry is a strange one, since it is plainly to l>e foreseen that KHL- land at whatever cost will not forego JIOHSCB ion of the territory. at the gambling table would race up and down the thoroughfares, in single ble, as boy* play the game of " follow my leader," each imitaliii!( the actions of the foremost. Selecting sonic particular letter in a sign they wonlil fire in turn, regardless of every- thing but tho accuracy of the aim. Then they would quarrel over it as though they were boys playing a game of marbles, while every shot was likely to kill or wound some unfortunate person. 'Ihe gambling tunls were large and con tamed not only gaming tables but billiard tables. At one of these I was once playing billiards with a man named H . A few feet from u>, raised upon a platform made for tbe purpose, were seated three Mexican musicians, playing vuit-ars ; for these places were always well supplied with instrumental iuHic. The evening seldom passed without isputes, aud pistol* were quickly drawn to settle quarrels. t'|>on any outbreak men would rush fiom all parts ot the room, struggling to get as near as possible lo the scent! of actisn, and often they paid the penally for their curiosity by being *cci- dei lillyshol. While II and I were engag- ed m our game, we.-ould hear the monoton- ous appeal o! tin- dealers, " Make your name, Kciiilciiien. make your game. lied wins black loses.'' Suddenly oa;/, (../, liniuj, went the pistoU in a diltant part of the tent. The usual rush followed. Ha'j,lni>t : ;, iigmn, aod this time tho guitar dropped from the hands of one of the unoffending iniisi cians, who fell forward to the ground with a bullet through hi* neck. His friends promptly undertook to carry him past us to the open air. Our table was so near the aide of the tent that only one person at a time could go between it and ihe canvas. H was standing iu the way, just in the o<-t of striking the ball with hi* cue, when one of the person* carrying the wounded man .u livd Inui with the request thnt In- move in one side. He turned and saw thr Mexi- can living supported by the legs and anus, the blood flowing from hi* neck ; theu with the coolest mditlei t-ncc he said, " Hold on. hold on, boys, till I make thin (hot, " then, resuming his former position, he deliberately finished his > hot. Be Coald Trust Htm Citizen : " Yes, I have au umbrella that needs mending ; but if I let you have it you might not bring it back. " f'mhrclla Mender : Haf no ft-ai . lalway* charge more for mending dan I could sell zee umbrella for. " The One Thing Omitted. " I want to pay thi* bill," he said to the hotel clerk. "But I think you have made a slight error here in my favour. I've been revlmg over the extras, and I cannot find that you haxe cha-ged anything for telling me you thought it might rain."