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m UIKl'U.SAL OF UHAlx^AOK WATKK Til.) topic brings up a question Which hius frequently occurioil to i-n- xcrjirisiiig land (irainors, luKl at- toiiij>tK have been made to usu open t'Mivei strata found in nomv locuU- tics biiii'ath the surfiice for the ilis- I>osal of dniinuge water. There lue instauci'S of biVcfcissful work of tia.s kind, but it huu be«!n eonflned, us far as I know, to the drainage of Bniall areas, perhaps not lar^w than 20 a-'ros, by means of tile draiuH, the wati.T from wiiklj has heph rp- lioveU of all HeUiiiieui by passing through the soil, writes a (Irainage expert, Mr. t. O. Klliott. In the early practice of drainage in Kng- land, Klkington found in some lo- calities that he could dispo.fe of soil Water by jneans of boring made to gravel below. Jt should be said that his peculiar art, for which he became notfKl, consisted in tupping under- giound water which saturated the soil aliove it, bringing it to his drains, and loading it away by gra- vity to a jiroper outlet. One (lifiiculty. in disposing of water through wells is in ascertaining the capacity and iierujancy of such an outlet. If a bed of coarse gravel can be found which has sonic freo conummication with a surface or underground stream, and drainage â- waicr bo delivered to it fn.e from sediment, it ina.v be utilized ^nd servo as a lasting ar«l efliciont out- let. Many of these underground gravel lieds, however, are in basins which have a considerable reservoir capacity with only a small free out- let. , , When the reservoir becomes fdled, its cajiacily is limited by the size of its disLlmrgv. If, for instance, wo discharge into it cubic feet jK^r second and it can cai'C for only 3 cubic feet per sec- ond, we have nii outlet whicli is in- adp<iuate and soon becomes useless. This condition is apparently en- countered in niany of the irrigated sections which depi'nd upon the reser- voir of di-y gravel 6v soil inulorneath the surface to take care of such waste water as may pn.ss through the por- ous soil in tlie process of irrigating to the lower depths. This gives pei'- fect relief until the quantity of wa- ter which finds its way into these depths exceeds their capacity, when the work must be supplemented by artilicial drainage. DISCHAHOK JiAMiNS. The theory is, and it- is well sus- tained by practice, that where water is pumped from a well wliicli is sup- I]lied by an iinilorcurrent or vein the BaJne quantity may be discharged in- to it without rai.Miig the water sur- face of the well. How much inoro such a Well will take is a matter of mere conjecture and must remain so until results are obtained by actual trial, I have personal knowledge of a common hou.so will which received and cared for a 2-itich stream of waste water from pumping works for four years and was continuing to do so at last account, but the well was within 200 feet of a stream and Was sunk to liver gravel. .Streams are known which disappear in sand beds or rock crevici^s and emerge at a lower level. These instances, ^as well as the fact that wells have ' tii en occa.sionally succefsfuil.v used for small systems of underdrains, indicate that under- ground outlets may be used it' they can be found. As is well known, the results of sinking wells in sonic lo- calities is to bring water tounrd the surface with such force as to picvlude their u«' for the rieeplion ot-surlace water. What is known us the dry well sunk into open gravel is the one best sidled for the purpose, The I roblem assunii'S a more per- plixing nature when we consider the disposal of suifoco water in large quatiti'iies. The uiieertninty of the capa(ity of any Hubterraneous outlet until it has been u.srertained by cost- ly (Xi'eiiment, lends but little eii- coiiragi'inent to such undeitakings. KspK'liill.v is this true when we at- tem[a to ndievo a truct of consider- able area fro)ii rainfall which Is at timis excessive. l.iigoons anil ("Wamfis, by reason of their location, us-.inlly gather- water from a consid- erable men outfiile of their recogniz- ed bnmidarios, making an outlet with variable Hood Capniit.v of prime im- poitatice. In fact, it is a problem which tnxis the skill of engini^u-s to the limit by reason of the vnr.ying quantity of rainfall and those clima- tic conditions which occasionally bring about unforseen contingencies greatly HlTecting land <lrftinage. niKFICULTlKS MI'Vr. t'oiild an outlet of sufllcient ca- pacity be secured b.v means of wells, the di'llciilty of screening or filter- ing the water so completely that t In- receiving gravol in the wells would not become clogged by sediment would 1)0 a formidable one, Consid- cMng n small lagoon of TiOO acres onl.v, it might bo necessary to re- move 1 inch in depth 'of water each S4 hoiiis for a time from the siir- /aco. This would require the Ultcra- tlof! and rcino\al of !,r>(Xt,onn cubic foot of water 24 hburs, or ^^^ cubic feet per second. There are lecatiopB where at limes this capacity might he required, but iif eourJe it i« n flood esnlNiplo and .should b« consid- erod OS such. Tbo raiional Inn lire cases where it Is desired to utilize underground outlets is to first as- certain if a water-receiving bed can be reached at a practicable depth, and by varlotim tests determtne if these wells_ will care for any consid- erable' quaiitlfy- of water, A single lino of tile might bo dischargefl into a test well and the effect noted. If the result /should Mc encouraging, other wells could be sunk to the same stratUJn at several points on the tract which could bo made the outlets for small system of under- drains, the objetil of tRe *ork being to discharge all drainage water thri)ugh'*'i&ider(lruin3, into .as many separate und scatiiDrcti â- ;pi4lets as practicabliic, -' ''. '"â-  >•', â- â-  The service will be more likely** to be la.'jting anrt efficient 'if this can be done and the water will he filtered in the best possible manner. lirains which are laid in clay subsoils *lis- chargo nothing but .clear water after they have been laid n nionth or two and the clay has soLtled compactly about the tiles. Where the subsoil is loose or sandy, however, there will always be some silt carried by drain- ago water, especially after a heavy rainfall. TURKICY RAISING. Have your stock of turkeys on the place by the middle or last of Janu- ary. Never have, hans' and gobblers of tie same flock; make a change so they 'will not bo all related. Inbreed- ing is the cause of lameness and puny turks. As turkeys are shy and apt to hide, keep watch of them suITici- enlly to make them select their nests hear the house or in some re- tired clump of bushes. Ijct them lay and set on the giJomi'd. Take care of the eggs and handle thorn carefully, turn from one end to the other eveiy fe.w days. Sot 17 to 21 eggs under a turkey hen «tnd it there are any left set them under a chicken hen at the same time. Let the turkey hen have all that are hatched at once, but do not mix them, for if there is one or two weeks' dillerencc in their ages the older ones will run over the younger ones. ' Place, the young turkeys with their mothers in a quiet place near the old nest. Feed them with curds or bread soaked in milk. Season the food with black jiepper once a day at least. They will not eat much the first day. Feed four or live times a day. Let everything bo quiet and let them go. Keep other fowls away from them. Give them plenty of range, as thoy will not bear con- finement. They are the easiest pioul- try raised and will pay for them- selves in bugs destroyed. In the fall feed whole grains and change as for other fowls. WHEN TO PICK FRUIT. There is an opinion held by many growers that apples keep better if they are picked before they ore ripe, and as a lesult the fruit is often picked and packed before ft is fully grown. Tests in cold storage show that fruit that has not been allowed to become fully grown on the trees is usually damaged to a considerable extent by scald, and that it is also shrivels somewhat. For the best re- sults the fruit should be ripe, but not what is termed •'dead ripe." If overripe it does not keep well in cold storage, and ."should not be u.sed for exhibition i)Ui[ioses. SOLDIERS WHO LIVED LONO. It is not always true that war shortens life. The sole survivor of the Oreek war of imle|iendeuco Is said to be 105 years old, and tlie last survivors of ' wars have often reached a much greater age. t^ir .loseph l'"nyrer, one of the king's pliysiciairs lias spoken to a man who fought in the battle' of lluxar, which look place in 17(>4, William (iilles- jiie, who saved the colors at Piestiui Pans, and is on the roll of Olielsoa pensioneis, died in DuiiU'iies at 102, and the last survivor of the capture of (libraltar livetl to be 115. Thom- as Wimms. who died in' 1791, near Tuan, in Jreliiiid, had fought in the battle of lAindonderry in 1701, aJid I'hoebc Hessel, the .Vmazon, who re- ceivwl a bayonet wound at I'ontenoy in 1745, lived. .to be^^JOS, receiving a pension from the private jiursc of Ceorge IV. until her death. A vet- eran of Culloden drew a pension for sixt.v .years, and died aged loti, and a man whose horse wns shot' under him at' I'dgohill in 10-i2 died ninety- four years later, aged lit!. There is now no survivor of Waterloo, but Madame (livron, of Viesville, ITuln- ault, saw the ground drenched with blodd, and Kapolean riding "as if in a dream " ' . ' A SOHOOL OF HIPPIMESS SHORTI-Y TO BE STARTED IN BEITISH CAPITAL. No Happiness Is Attainable for Man Short of Perfect Obedience. A London Journal informs us that a Dr. Paul Valentin is about te start a school of happiness in that city. Nothing could bo more popu- lar, provided the public felt sure Dr. Valentin could deliver the goods, for of all things people are after in this tear-stnined world, happiness is the chief. Theie are a great many ex- cellent persons, it is true, who say that they are not after happiness, but that they strive to do right as their supreme aim. An irrepressible douiit suggests that perhaps they do not fully understand their deepest molive.s. Picture to these people, as the ultimate result of their struggle for goodness, a Dantesque Inferno with all ils horrors of suft'ering, and it is a question if they would be so ambitious. The fact is, they arc striving to be good in order that they may be supremely happy under the very profound and just impres- sion that the only way to be happy is to be good. The.v discard all other kinds of happiness .such as worldl.v gain, sensuous gratification, or even intellectual accomplishment, which give a measure of happiness, in order to attain that inner satis- faction of the omnipotent MORAL CONSCIOUSNl^S. With the sense of having done right men have been known to be happy amid the most adverse outward cir- cumstances. Without that sense, men have been known to be m'ost miserable with every worldly want supplied. This fact is no more or no less mysterious than the pleaRurc one has in feeling physically well. A certain harmonious interpla.y of the bodily functions we call health. A certain harmoniotis interpla.y of the spiritu- al functions we may call moral health. When a man acts in accord with moral law, he is niorall.v well, and the supreme sat isfaction he feels is happiness. And as the moi'al law is the most insistent, most peremfi- tory, and takes precedence of all else, no hap.niness is attainable for man short of perfect obedience. To the Christian consciousness the moral law is but the expression of the will of God, and the will of God is but the expression of the infinite love. It was this conviction that led St. Augustine, at the beginning of his Confessions, to exclaim: "Thou hast made us, O God, for thyself and we shall not rest until we rest in Thee." INFINITE PROGRF^SION. It is this high goal aimed at by •St. Augustino that makes men un- happ.v, although the.v know it not. There is something infinite about man that can be satisfied only b.v the best. All his trouble comes from not knowing what the best is. When a child ho thinks the best is making mud pies, or playing sol- dier, and when a man. making a for- tune or ruling a kingdom. But he is only happy for u time: he is haf>- py in spots. Soon the inner re.st- letsne.ss drives him on, a divine dis- content possesses him. His most fa- tal error is to suiipose that he ought to be contented. In rcatity his na- ture demands ru'ogression. and every attainmrnl is but a stepping-stone in an unending series. In a .sense, then, man cannot be hnpp.v in this world, for it is too .small for his infinite ambition. In another sen.se he can, and the simple secret is to Work steadily toward the ideal. To make a little advance from time to time is a necessarv ele- ment of happiness. Often wo are .shut out from health, from worldly fortune, two most desirable bless- ings; but no man is slnit out from learning some valuable truth oncli day, or making some moral con- qiio.st. however small. He shall be like the ancient Pilprims of Israel of whom the Psalmist said: "The.v go from strength to slreiigth. everv one of them to appear in '/,ion before God,"â€" The Week's Progress. SU l.»MARli\E INVKNTIOXP.. A rpninrkttble invention has been adopted by the English admiralt.v, the ellccl of which is to increase the ellUlenc.v of llritisli subniarines, At present the radius of submarine at- tacks is restricted, owing to the dlfflcullies of Ventilation and the carrying of fuel, but experiments warf-ant the belief that tha how stib- marines will be able to trAvel im- mense distances with disastroxis ef- fects on the ports of an enemy. The existing .'ftibmnrlnc fleet of Ilrltain is not, howtyver, i-ondored obsolete. On the rentrary, it can easily be adapt- ed to utilize the new discovery. The j inventor Is a Uritish olRcer well | known for his brll iant capabilities The most reu'.arkable feature in Ihii clefign is its extreme Pimplirity. I'^e e.il!^ of the hneution are, of course, i* ,' >. ; iJ'"''^ "• '"•' mvetuion are, i tit" iiC Rtich tSvlilihcia by t*e ndnaralty. PEESONAL POINTERS. Interesting Gossip About Some Prominent People. Thei ax-Einprcsa Eugene still chcr- ish^8 a true Spaniard's taste for stron.g perfumes, her favorites being lemon, verbena, and sandal-wood. The oldest man on earth is said to bn Izai Rodafst.v â€" 1S5â€" of Moscow, Russia, and the oldest woman Mrs. Nancy Hollifieldâ€" 1 17â€" of ISattle Creek, Alichigan. King lOdward is the first King of Great ISritain and Ireland who has ever ttrnvelled on an Irish railway. When George IV. visited" Ireland in 1821 there were no railwa.vs. Sir Donald Currie. oven as a child, made" up his mind to bo a great owner of ships fome day, and by way of preparing himself for his fu- ture responsibilities he made a fleet of toy boats which was the envy and despair of his bo.v friends. The fierman Fmpei or uses as a paper-weight on his writing-desk the summit of one of the highest moun- tains of Africa. Dr. nuVhner. an African traveller of some fame, broke he piece of roek from the blRhe.nt Jim Dnmpt had KarcelT slept a wink, All night he'd test aboiU aad tlink. But that's aU pastâ€" he'll ne'er •adore. Insomnia. He's found a cnre I Tis " Force." At night, when lights are dim, It soothes the nerves of " Sanny Jim." ore Tlu Beidr-to-Serre Cocal maKes one chummy with i^ood sleep. Wouldn't B«U«ve at Flral. "' wouldn't belitfstttal I tried tt, bat â-  F3<«a ' la • cun for Insnmnls I aMd to â- taj awoks nlgtii after vi^t. Now J est a bts bowirtU of ' Foito ' iaat Mac* folag to beet, ta& tlecp sad I ntTa become gaoi frleode efais^ "I<. L. BtaM.'^ and is on German-African ground presented it to the F^mperor. Queen Alexandra has a favorite teapot, which is often in use when the Queen is at Sandringham. is exceedingly curious, very old is said to be of priceless value. The teapot is in the shape of a stout Dutchman sitting astride a barrel of wine. The old man's cap serves for a lid, and a gold tap lets out the favorite five o'clock beverage. Signora Kina Monti recalls the golden age of learning for Italian women. She is the first woman in modern times to be appointed to a that he had forgotten the ring. The train was stopped immediately and a special messenger sent back in an express for it, nor would the Czar It I allow the train to move until, eight and I hours afterwards, the messenger re- turned with the ring. Irishmen with a full brogje found a friend in Mr. G. T. Cline, who has just died at Chicago. lie was a mil- lionaire recluse and miser, but had the one "vice" of spending money to hear Irishmen talk. He would pur- chase drink for them, and so set their ready tongues wagging more furiously than ever. After the University chair in Italy. She has'j World's Fair Mr. Cline bought a the chair of zoology and compai'a- hotel of se\'enty-live rooms, and liv- live anatomy at Messina, au'd that of professor extraordinary of com- parative anatomy at Bologna. A London girl. Miss Nora Stan- cd there alone. He occupied only one room, but had all the others furnished. Under his bed he kept eight violins, among them an Amati ton Blatch,"two .years ago entered i worth §1,5(10. He played the violin Cornell University, N. Y., to take; almost constantly day and night dur- up a course of instruction in engin- eering, being the only woman amongst the graduates so studying. So thorough has been her training that she included forge work in it, and actually took her place at one of the college blacksmith's twenty forg- es. King Alfonso had a little adven- ture, rather unusual with Sover- eigns, the other day. His Slajesty was walking in the Prado, when a bullock broke from a herd that was being driven and, tearing away at full gallop, showed every disposrition to use its horns ajnong the pedestri- ans and equipages. There was a regular stampede, but the King showed his spirit, and, drawing his revolver, brought tho beast down with two or three swiftly-delivered shots. Mr. Aii'beron Herbert is a younger ing the last ten .years. Mr. Cline must have had a rare soul for music when he would lavish pence on an Irishman's tongue and play his fid- dle to stave of! the pangs of hunger, for he allowed himself only §3 a month for food. HOW TO DO IT. "I noticed," said the druggist to his assistant, "that a gentleman came in with a prescription, and that you took it and gave him tho stuff in about three minutes. What do you mean by that'?" "It was only carbolic acid and water," replied the assistant. "X simply ' had to pour a few draclmm of acid into the bottle and liU it up with water." "Never mind if you had only to do that," the druggist declared. "Don't son of the third Earl of Carnarvon. I you know that every prescription He is of a gentle, philosophic na- must take at least half an hour to ture, for whom nobody has an un- ] dispense or the customer will think kind word. Everv year he gives a he isn't getting anything for his free tea lasting three days, to which I money? thousands gladly flock, at his place i "Wncn a prescription for salt and near Bournemouth, England. Tho : water or peppermint and cough syrup first two days are for tradespeople i is handed to you. you must look at and farmers, and the third for the | it doubtfully, as if it were very hanl gipsies, but anyone who likes can | to m%kc ui). Then vou must bring go. Tho tea is serve<l in a beautiful it to me. and we will i)olh read it ] point of Mount Kiljma-Njaro, which (.Moscow when he suddenly diR."o\ere-1 glade in his grounds, and there are music tmd dancing, while the patri- archal-looking host poes round among his guesta seeing that they are having plenty of relreshment and enjoyment. Lord Brampton tells the following story of the days before he became Mr. Justice Hawkins. His first brief was to defend one of two men charg- ed with coining; and when they were placed in tho dock he overheard a brief colloquy between them. Coiner No. 1. told his comrade that he was to be defended by a very good man. Coiner No. 2 said he also was de- fended. He did not know the gentle- man's name, "but"â€" indicating Mr. Hawkinsâ€" he added, admiringly, "he's a smart 'uu. When I handed over the fee he put the thick 'un" â€" i.e,, sovereign â€" "lK<tween his teeth and bit it. He's the chap for my mon- ey!" The yearly expen.sos of tho Sultan of Turkey have been estimatod at no less a sum than $aii.O(Ki,(ii>0. t)f this 86.,">00,000 alone is spent on tho clothing of the women, and $•1110,0011 on the Sultan's own ward- robe. Nearly another 86,;"i0u,OO0 is swallowed up by pre.sents, S5,0tK>,- 000 goes for pocket-money, and still another Sr>,00t>.0l>0 for the table. It seems incredible that so much money can possibly be spent in a year by one man, but when it is remembered that some 1,500 people reside with- in the palace walls, and live luxuri- ously and dress expensively at the cost of the Civil List, it appears a little more comprehensible. The Cxar of Itussia is said to be very superstitious and to have great confidence in relics. He wears a ring in which he believes is embed- ded a piece of the true Cross. It Was originnll.v one of the treasures of the Vatican, and was pre.sented to an ancestor of the Czar for diploma- tic reasons. The value which Its o.wner sets upon the ring with its embedded relic is shown by the fol- lowing fact. Some years ago he wns travelling from St. Petersburg to and shake our heads. After that you go back to the cuinomer and ask him if he wants it to-day. When he says lie does, vou answer that you'll make a special eHort. "Now, a patient appreciates a piv- script ion that there has been st much trouble over, and when ho takes it he derives some tjencfit from it. But don't .vou do any more of that three-minute prescription, m,v boy, if you 'Wtmt to become a first- class driiggist." As riches anil favor forsake a man. we di.scover him to be a fool, but nobody could find it out in his pros. perity. â€" Bruyere. .-ww7WT?rfWTftj-TfWTfi:.ic-«.-«f^»!r«f.i?Kf«?s % By socthlng and subAiInf : tha peln. th«fs the war St Jacobs Oil I f Cwes Neuralgia l?rict, E3e. snd 30c. i i i 11