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Budworm spraying in May By Julio Gomes- The severe outbreak of budworm that has infested areas of Northern On- tario for the last number of years plays an important role in the ecological structure of a forest, according to Dr. Paul Barclay. 'In the long term, looking at the whole forest, and not just the balsam fir, it's good for the forest," said Barclay, a professor of biology at Lakehead University. "'What it's not good for is somebody who wants to make a lot of Kleenex or tiolet paper or newsprint or something like that from these trees. That's what it's not good for. It's good for the rest- it's good for the organisms in the forest, all the animals. I't's just not good for the forest industry."' The use of biological insecticides to combat jackpine and spruce budworm (which is actually a misnomer beause this species prefers balsam firs) in On- tario may cause other problems in the forest. Because no insecticide is so totally selective that it will not affect other organisms, certain species of birds, rodents and large mammals may be removed from the environment. "I think it's not a good idea,"' Barclay said. "Ecologically, it's not a good idea to spray unless you have a high-value stand that is going to be utilized in a relatively short period of time." Barclay contends that once a spray program is initiated it must be con- tinuous to be effective because an in- sect's potential for reproduction is enormous, and the long-term effect on other organisms may be just as severe. Decades of insecticide spraying in New Brunswick, for example, has significantly altered the ecological con- dition of those forests, he explained. "I don't think a lot of those sprays do anyone any good,"' he said. '"They definitely interfere with the normal pro- gression of events in the forest. Cer- tainly, from an ecologist's point of view, it's not justified. It's like trying to eliminate mosquitoes. You can't do it. As long as there's a forest, they're going to be there... I worry about the long-term consequences for the forest. I wonder what it's going to be like in a hundred years." According to Barclay, the various species of the budworm are and have long been an integral component in the renewal process of the forest. '*Something most people don't seem to understand about the budworm is that the budworm has been in the boreal forest for quite literally millions of years,"" he said. "This is not something new- a new organism that just came in... It's part of our forest and something that has been here for a long - time...The forest has adapted to the budworm and the budworm has adapted to the forest." Fire is the primary agent of regeneration in a forest, Barclay ex- plained. But in a moist area where fire in not the main vehicle of change, the budworm accomplishes the task of replacing the forest, allowing for the development of mixed habitats, more animals and different species. The balsam fir, for example, is a '*shade-tolerant tree," which means it can reproduce itself and overrun the area, choking off the other species. Fire and the budworm act to defoliate and remove the advanced trees, allowing the seedling to take root and produce a new, mature and healthy forest from the remnants of the destroyed, he pointed out. "When these budworms feed on the trees, they excrete waste products which happen to be rich in a whole lot of things," Barclay said. "It's like ~ fertilizer- like manure, only manure coming from all these budworms. That fertilizes the surface of the soil. This, plus the fact that more light is getting in, allows for more decomposition of what is really a soil that tends to build " up a lot of decomposed material. So it's a way of renewing the soil... This is a normal cycle. This is a normal situa- tion in the boreal forest. It's a renewal mechanism that the forest has, and it's good for the forest in the long run." (Julio Gomes is a writer for Lakehead Living in Thunder Bay). Terrace Bay-Schreiber News, Wednesday, March 25, 1 87 Anden Vinyl Products 430 Waterloo Street Thunder Bay, Ontario P7E 6E4 (807) 623-5565 Toll Free 1-800-465-6820 Serving Northern Ontario for 25 Years ~ COMPLETE HOME RENOVATION 50 years non-propated transferable Warranty | NOTICE TO SCALERS 1987 Scaling Refresher Course The Annual Scaling Refresher course will be held at the Lakehead Labour Centre, 929 Fort William Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, April 7, 8, 9, 1987. Scalers wishing to attend the three day course should forward their_notice te: Regional Scaling Auditor Ministry of Natural Resources 435 James St. S. P.O. Box 5000 Thunder Bay, Ont. P7C 5G6 Tel. (807) 475-1391 ¥) Ministry of Resources Natural Ontario. 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