The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

History 105 A.D. First paper made by Ts'ai Lun in China who invented the process. He soaked bark, rags, and hemp in water and beat them into pulp. The watery mixture was then poured on a cloth stretched on a bamboo frame. As the water drained from the pulp, the vegetable fibres felted into a sheet which was lifted out and dried in the sun to become paper. 1348 First mill in France. 1490 First mill in England. 1690 First mill in America at Philadelphia. 1798 First paper-making machine invented in France. 1803 First Canadian mill constructed at St. Andrews, Quebec, near Lachute. Production of printing, wrapping, and blotting papers began a year or two later. The mill apparently also supplied paper to three Montreal weeklies including The Gazette. 1819 First Nova Scotia mill at Bedford Basin. 1825 First Ontario mill at Crooks Hollow near Dundas. 1835 First New Brunswick mill about this date, near St. Andrews-by- the-Sea. 1864 First soda pulp mill in Canada at Windsor Mills, P.Q. 1869 First groundwood pulp mill in Canada at Valleyfield, P.Q. 1888 First Canadian mill using present sulphite pulping process at Cornwall, Ontario. 1894 First British Columbia mill at Port Alberni. 1907 First kraft pulp mill in America at East Angus, P.Q. Until Confederation, the raw material used in the mills was chiefly linen and cotton rags of which the supply was limited and the price constantly mounted. So in the 1860's the Canadian mills, like those elsewhere, began to employ wood as a raw material and that decade witnessed the beginning of groundwood pulp and chemical pulp manufacture in Canada. In 1900, paper exports from Canada were valued at only $30,000. There- after the world demand for paper began its spectacular growth. Thus the mills of Canada began to find wider markets, particularly for pulps and newsprint. The way in which the Canadian industry responded to the growing demand is set forth in the following figures: Pulp and Total Mill Total Paper Mills Employees Production RE le set ct te ee em 21 760 $ 1,071,651 RB lee cree oe een ery 41 1,588 2,509,993 HG Deke ee Ae ek olny 58 25011. 3,633,257 OO Teeeicees ee ere 53 6,236 8,627,557 Ode eae ek bio ee, 1 9,766 23,226,479 Ome eat ire aaa d oy 100 24,619 151,003,165 5 F313) center eae geg set me cme ere Ger ae 103 26,669 174,733,954 DOA Me ree ae 106 37,154 334,726,175 POR ee eres. rs sere Sy 126 57,291 1,237,897,470 Oss we ee eg etree te 130 66,000* 1,500,000,000 *In addition to those in the mills, the industry employs some 15,000 permanent workers in the woods. There are also 200,000 workers east of the Rockies who find seasonal work cutting pulpwood for the mills. Moving a reel from the paper machine. Technical Cooperation Advances The Industry In the market-place, the pulp and paper producers are highly compet- itive. But at the same time, they cooperate to the full in advancing the technical competence of the in- dustry, in promoting fundamental and applied research, in the provi- sion of statistical data, in forest protection, in safety programs, and in the development and welfare of personnel. In this fashion, great improve- ments have come about in pulping methods, in the operation of paper machines, and in every other aspect of the pulp and paper making proc- ess. Throughout the industry, there are many examples of cooperative efforts in forestry and forest con- servation. In one instance, two paper companies, research organizations, and governments have embarked on a six-year project aimed at devel- oping better methods for promoting natural regrowth. In another, five paper companies have joined forces with the federal government and two provincial governments to halt the devastation of the spruce budworm. Such cooperative activity is not confined only to technical matters. The industry publishes the most complete statistical data of any in- dustry on the continent and co- operates, too, in such matters as providing cooking schools, safety programs, and in other spheres con- nected with the welfare and the best use of its manpower.