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Battle of Marne in a New Light Commander Desmazes of Joffre's Staff Relates Pre- viously Unrevealed Details Which Show It Was Not a Sudden Inspiration. The Battle of the Marne, whcih saved Paris in September, 1914, was not the result of a last moment in- spiration on the part of the French commanders, nor was it a piece of luck, according to Commmander Des- mazes, a member of Marshal Joffre's staff In a recent address at the Sor- bonne, made at the request of the Na- tional Union of Reserve Officers, Com- mander Desmazes presented the con- clusions of his study of the famous battle and related details that had not previously been revealed. Joffre, the Commander said, wanted to concentrate upon checking the Ger- mans in the fields and was prepared to sacrifice Paris, if necéssary to that end. When Millerand, who had just become Minister of War, called upon him on August 25, Joffre "expressed to him the confidence he had in Gen- eral Gallieni (Military Governor of Paris) in regard to the organization of the defense of the capital. At the same time he did not conceal his opin- ion that, if the eventuality arose, we should be ready to sacrifice Paris, re- membering that Paris could be defend- ed only in the open country and by armies in movement. He added that every military unit taken away from this essential task, even if devoted to the defence of Paris, would be un- wisely employed." But Millerand insisted that enough troops be left in the city for its final refense, should such become neces- sary. The dramatic dash across Paris and to the banks of the Marne made by an army of taxicabs carrying 17,999 mem- bers of the Sixth Army--seven men in a cab--to reinforce the French armies east of the capital, was one of the most striking exploits of that early period of open fighting, before the contest settled down to the less spectacular trench struggle. The de- cision to create this Sixth Army, with a view to taking the offensive in a counter-enveloping movement, was reached, according to Commander Des- mazes, on August 25, and thus the plan for the Battle of the Marne began to take form at that time. Not Sudden Inspiration Consequently, on the basis of the documents studied, he asserted that "the preparation for the Battle of the. Marne, far from being the product of a sudden inspiration, much less involv- ing a miracle of mystery, was the fruit of patient and powerful determina- tion." When the frontier battles between Mulhouse and the Sambre had gone against the Allies, Joffffre was con- fronted - with the question: What to do next? To try to break the German front near its centre would have in- volved too great risk of allowing the allied left to be surrounded. Joffre rejected this plan, hoping to be able to sit tight until the Russians could get effectively into "action. He de- cided meanwhile to create a mobile force capable of stopping the move- ment of the enveloping wing of the Germans, and of surrounding it in turn. On August 26 the British suffered a seabgck near Cateau and had to with- draw toward Compiegne. It looked as if a dangerous gap were being made at the allied front at the very moment the new Sixth Army was sttting out for Amiens. But German defeats In Past Prussia caused the withdrawal of two army corps from the right Ger- man wing just as Joffre sent the Sixth Army to the flank of that wing. But Joffre did not know this, and the British defeat caused him to turn the Sixth Army toward Paria. On September 1 von Kluck attack- ed the Fifth Army. On Sept. 2 Joffre telephoned to the Minister of War: "I have decided to wait a few days be- fore giving battle. We shall have far better chances of success." His plan now was an offensive on the whole front, using the Sixth Army in the vicinity of Meaux. Gallieni, who had meanwhile been placed under Joffre, called the com- mander's #*iention to the limitations of the mobility of the troops at his dis- posal. "I do not intend," said Joffre, "to uge the troops of the entrenched camp in the operations in the field. On the other hand, I am expecting to make a request for the participation of active and reserve troops in those operations, particularly for action near Meaux at the time of the offensive con- templated, A part of the active forces of (General Manoury may im- mediately be moved to the east. "General Gallieni," added Command- er Desmazes, "no longer thought as a commander of a fortified town, but as the commander of an army on the wing of a group of armies preparing to take the offensive." Sie Concentrate on delivering; collect- fng will take care of itself, 2 i rai RA SS CRs ch i | Scenes Along the Ferguson Highway from North Bay to Past Cochrane ETE a Connecting .the vast rich areas of NEW HIGHWAY STRETCH ES THROUGH WILDERNESS which the road passes. Some are jest fires. LOWER LEFT is the pic- Northern Ontario with the staid and |more beautiful than Log Lake for they jluresque way of marking dangerous settled southern part of the province through what was but a year or two ago a trackless wilderness. views show different interesting spots on the new Ferguson highway. The TOP LEFT picture is a somewhat have not been burned chartered by Scenic These | Tours, Limited, which was the first | speeding motorists. , motor coach to traverse the new high- way between North Bay and Kirkland Lake mining district. It is seen en- so recently, a good motor road has been laid {TOP LEFT is seen the big T.T.C. bus skull turns on the Ferguson Highway. A and cross bones strategically Motor Coach {placed should act as a deterrent to LOWER RIGHT is the cabin of part of the construc- tion gang who laid the road. The en- 'tire cabin, which is trimly finished in typical scene taken on the shores of tering the gate which marks the be- a manner which would make many Log Lake. ginning of the new road. Here per- city dwellers jealous was made from There are scores of beautiful little | mits must be secured.and all tourists {materials cut in the forest close by. lakes in the great territory through registered as a precaution against for- When the cabin was built the road was not even prospected and it was necessary to bring all materials by canoe a distance of some twenty miles with a portage of some length thrown in. On the Ferguson highway to-day every provision is made both for the safety of the timber and for the com- fort of the tourist. Camping grounds with a supply of wood and fresh water are placed every few miles along the road with a fire ranger in charge whose duty it is to assist campers and instruct them in fire prevention. Chronology of Sacco-Vanzetti Case Starting in Two Murders 7 Years Ago Printed on Request for Information from Several Writers To Your i So | April 15--Frederick A. Parmenter, paymaster, and Alexander Berardelli, uard, shot and killed in South Brain- 'ee, Mass., and robbed of $1576.57. May 5--Nicola Sacco and Barto- lomeo Vanzetti are arrested on a trol- ley car going from West Bridgewater to Brockton. Aug. 16--Vanzett! convicted of com- plicity in a hold-up at Bridgewater, Mass., previous to the Braintree mur- der and sentenced to from twelve to fifteen years by Judge Webster Thay- er. Sept. 11--Sacco and Vanzettl indict- ed for South Braintree murders. 1921 May 31--Sacco and Vanzetti put on trial at Dedham before Judge Thayer charged with first degree murder. July 14--Jury after five hours finds Sacco and Vanzetti guilty of murder- ing Parmenter and Berardelli. Oct. 19--Bomb sent to American Embassy in Paris in attempt to kill Ambassador Herrick. Attempt laid to Sacco-Vanzetti sympathizers. Oct. 21--Hand grenade, thrown as Paris police rush crowd leaving Sacco- Vanzetti protest meeting, injures twenty persons. Oct. 30--Threats made against Uni- ted States Legation in Cuba and Major Gen. Crowder by Sacco-Vanzetti sym- pathizers. Dec. 24--Judge Thayer at Dedham denles motions for new trials for Sacco and Vanzetti. 1922 Jan. 1--Counsel for convicted men announce discovery of new evidence tending to clear them. Jan. 28--Judge Thayer grants exten- gion of time for defense to fils bill of exceptions. Mrach 23--Letters received by Minl- ster Wilson threaten bombing of American Legation in Sofia if convict- ed men are executed. Sept. 11--Defense counsel file mo- tions for another trial; witness who identified Sacco repudiates testimony. 1923 Feb. 16--Sacco begins a hunger strike in the Nerfolk County Jail. March 7--Two witnesses for pro- secution deny depudiations of testl- mony which were contained in de- fonse affidavits. 1924 3 Oct. 1--Judge Thayer dismisses five motions to set aside the verdict of the urys. ooo. Nov. 21--Bllls of exceptions to pro- cedure at new trial hearings filed; Willlam G. Thompson succeeds Fred H. Moore as chief defense counsel. 1925 Jan. 2--Vanzettl removed to Bridge- LE SH Paper water Hospital for the Insane. April 24--Vanzetti removed from hospital and taken to State Prison; pronounced sane. " . 26 Jan. 10--Celestino Madeiros, con- demned for another murder, affirms he saw Morelll gang of Provindence com- mit South Braintree murders. Jan. 13--Argument on bill of excep- tions made before State Supreme Court. > May 12--State Supreme Court denies motion for new trial, holding Sacco and Vanzetti were legally con- victed. May 16--United States Embassy at Buenos Aires scene of explosion of a bomb laid to Sacco-Vanzetti sympathi- Zers. ™Y June 4--Bomb ascribed to Sacco- Vanzett! sympathizers explodes at United States legation at Montevideo, Uruguay. Sept. 13--Counsel for defense peti- tion Judge Thayer for new trial, fil- ing the alleged confession of Madeiros. Oct. 24--Judge Thayer denies mo- tions for a new trial., 1927 Jan. 27--Counsel for defense argue before full bench of State Supreme Court on exceptions to Judge Thayer's ruling. April 5--State Supreme Court over- ' rules defen®e a=d denies mection for a new trial. April 9--Judge Thayer sentences Sacco and Vanzetti to die in the elec- tric chair in week of July 10. vestigation of the case. June 1--Governor Fuller appoints President Lowell of Harvard, Presi- {dent Stratton of Massachusetts In- stitute of Technology and former Judge Robert Grant his advisory com- mittee. June 29--Governor Fuller reprieves , Sacco, Vanzetti and Madeires to Aug. 10 Aug. 3--@Governor Fuller announces decision holding Sacco. and Vanzetti guilty; decides they had fair trial. Aug. 5--Two New York subway stations bombed; Sacco sympathizers suspected. - Aug. 6--Philadelphia church and home of Mayor ¢f Baltimore bombed; Governor's advisory committee gives out report. finding condemned. men guilty after fair trial, Aug. 8--Supreme Judicial Court denies writ of habeas corpus, stays of execution and write of error; Judge Thayer denies motion for new trial. Aug. 9--Judge Thayer denies plea for revocation of sentence; Governor Fuller takes plea for stay under ad- i defense. cause of April 23--Governor Fuller begins in- | visement; protest strikes in New York end in disorder. Aug. 10--With all preparations made for the execution; Governor Fuller grants Sacco, Vanzetti and Madeiros last-hour reprieve through Aug. 22 to allow a ruling by Supreme Court Judge Sanderson on an application for a writ of error; London police break up crowd of-10,000 in front of Ameri- can Embassy. Aug. 11--Ruling of Judge Sanderson sends case "to the full 'berch of! the Supreme Judicial Court. Aug. 12--Sacco refuses to stop hun- ger strike and forcible feeding is urg- ed., Aug. 14--Boston police break up meeting of Sacco sympathizers on Bostcn Commen and arrest Powers Hapgood, Harvard graduate. Aug. 15--Sacco ends hunger strike, to the approval of his wife and Van- zettl, on the thirtieth day of fast. Aug, 16 -- Argument before full bench of the Supreme Judicial Court of final appeal for Sacco and Venzetti, Defense stresses charges of prejudice against Judge Thayer. Home of juror at the trial is bombed. Aug. 19--The full bench of the Supreme Judicial Court rejects all pleas filed with it by Sacco-Vanzetti Move for action by Federal Courts started. Vanzetti"s sister ar- rives from Italy. Aug. 20--United States Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes refuses stay of execution and Federal | District Court Judge J. M. Morton, Jr., ; denies writ of habeas corpus or stay of execution. New request for respite made to Governor Fuller. Aug. 21--United States 'Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis de- clines to hear request for stay Dbe- of the people interested." Aug. 22--All defense legal fail; Federal Judges decline to inter- vene and Governor Fuller refuses further respite. Aug. 23--Sacco and Vanzetti put to death in the electric chair at Charles- town Prison. PONS INNA Not the Celestial Pup. "Have you seen the dog star week?" "Where--in the sky?" "No--on the screen." SHB this ~~] (he New Anaesthetic New Gas Brings Sleep that Suspends all Sense of Pain At the last meeting of the Berlin aredlcat Society Professor Unger des- cribed his experience with the new narcotic gas 107. Up tg the present iv has been customary to use either ether OF chloroforr: to produce unconscious ness in surgical cases, (Gauss recent. ly introduced another means, a pure fled acetylene, but for various reasons gas entitled parkylen, made of puri: its use has not become gen=ral. It was not any dangsr connected with the uss of ether or chloroforms that induced the attempt to produce E. 107, but the discomfort conmected with their use. Many sick pgoble are unpleasantly affected by ether or choking sensation, the knowledge tha! they are being put to sleep by foros, combine to make them nervous. On awakening they are plagued by thirst,! E. 107 does not have to be breathed in. It is applied by means of & syringe and works from the intestines, In eight to fifteen minutes the patient: falls into a natural sleep, lasting fo several hours, and feels no after ef fects on awakening. It is a sleep of unconsciousness, during which no pai can be felt and muscles are relaxed. The drug has no effect upon the heart, but sometimes affects the breathing. Other physicians related their ex- periences to the society. About a Supreme thousand cases of operations with B. {107 were reported, but the medical | profession does not consider it POs "personal relations with some 'sible to form a-definite opinion as to, ithe value of the drug until far more pleas evidence has been collected. For the present the use of E. 107 thereforq has been confined to a few great surg cal stations for continued experimentsy 1 ---- gree " Moderates Prevail Neue Freie Presse (Vienna): The, report of the Trade Unions Commis~ sion on the development of free Trade; i Unions in 1926 shows that the move ment, in spite of the prevailing uns favorable economic conditions, exs perienced but a comparatively little, seback during the past year. The! large amount of unemployment and! the worsened position of the employs | i i jed on account of short time did not react upon membership in the mans Hi that might have Te expected. he unions were ké articularly 2:3 or the Fi ch {rying to ef fect wages improvements for the, workers. Although in such times it is usual for the extreme elements ta' gain the upper hand, this was fortun ately not the case with the Austrian unions last year, for moderation was the keynote of their policy and ac- tions. Rn toClnloally known as E. chloroform; the feel of the mask, the