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- as Business Oulook in Canada From Toronto Daily News. There are evidences of increasing commercial activity and of more pros perous conditions all over the Domin- ion. The Maritime Provinces escaped the real estate boom and. the subse- quent' reaction which have afflicted the rest of Canada. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince 'Edward Island, are probably more prosperous to-day than ever before in their his- tory. The application of scientific methods to agricultural and agricul- tural settlement has brought results. War contracts keep the industrial veniuae hmav, and in the coal mining regions there is some ieas that the labor supply may fall below the de- mand. Though a good many men have gone to the war, current bank statements reflect a progressive accu- mulation of deposits. Down by the sea, as elsewhere in Canada, the gen- eral practice of shrift has produced concrete benefits, and the burden of patriotic and relief funds is cheer- fully borne. Despite inequalities of returns for two years past, the farmers of Quebec and Ontario are better off than at any previous time since Confederation. The despatch of troops to the front and extensive munition orders make it 'pretty certain. that the unemploy- ment problem will not attain serious proportions during the coming win- ter. As for the Prairie Provinces, the splendid prices received for last year's crop and the unprecedented abundance of this year's yield have combined to place the people of the plains in an exceptional position. They do not vet realize the extent of their good for- tune. They have two or three crops in place of one crop for 1915. Prac- tically all over the three Provinces the harvest has been phenomenal, In many districts the yield per acre has been amazingly high, and hundreds of farmers will be wealthy from this year's labors alone. Winnipeg bank clearings 'have risen to $59,000,000 for a single week--a new high record. Earlier in the season The Grain Growers' Guide, which has always pulled a poor mouth on behalf of the Western agriculturist, made the fol- lowing statement: "According to the last Dominion Census report there aro 204,140 farms in Manitoba, Sas- katchewan and Alberta. The esti- mated value of these principal grain crops alone would give each farmer in Western Canada an income this year of nearly $1,700. In New York State the average income per family ic under $600, The Westery. Canadian farmer is in a better position finan- cially than any other class in this dis- trict. The fall of 1914 saw a general tightening of credits. Less material was probably sold to the farmer, but collections were closer and mortgages were reduced or wiped off completely. As a result the country districts faced 1915 with less encumbrance of debt than formerly, and if the 1915. crop harvests as promised, the farmer of the Canadian prairies is the best logi- cal object of the advertiser's atten- tion from- the Great Lakes to the Pacific Ocean." This optimistic fore- "cast has been realized beyond all ex- pectations, and the buying power of the prairie population must expand accordingly." Western authorities es- timate that prairie farmers will this year put $150,000,000 in the bank af- ter meeting their existing liabilities. As for the future, we are told that there is already sufficient moisture in: the ground to assure a good crop for | next season. Even the war-time freight rates on the Great Lakes and on the Atlantic cannot prevent the Western agricul- turist from coming into his own. With wheat around $1 a bushel on the' Winnipeg Grain Exchange, and around 90 cents as far West as Sas- katoon, farming pays handsomely, es- pecially when wheat runs, as it does this year, from 30 to 50 bushels to the acre, and even better than that. Ex- travagant estimates 6f what it costs to produce a bushel of grain have been published by the Saskatchewan Government, and repeated in Eastern papers. The prairie farmer, who is at once industrious and scientific in his methods, is by long odds the most fortunately placed citizen of Canada. He attains to a position of economic independence more readily than the average city dweller. Thousands of cases may be cited to prove this state- ment, and but for the presence of a certain - proportion of poor farmers, some of whom will never succeed any- where, it would never have been chal- lenged. But this is no reason why the prairie agriculturists 'should not have adequate shipping facilities, cheap freight rates, rural credits, and what- ever clse will go to increase their prosperity and 'productiveness, ' The cities of the plains, like the cities of Ontario, have still to pay for several years of rash speculation in real estate, and they will not get back { Boa mi, uk ~ to normal conditions on the strength of one year's exceptional harvest. They have 'been over-extended, over-built and over-paved. Excessive obliga- tans have been assumed in the devel- OopMint'.of public utilities. Taxes are of the boo... ggsessments gre being reduced, and 80:4. patepavers has ger that any considerap- munieipal- ity will. be unable to. pay the interest on its bonds. Western cities ..ygt share the 'growing prosperity of tn. agricultural communities 'which sur- round them. Three transcontinental railways furnish abundant trénspor- land settlement policy, the country be- tween the Lake of the Woods and the i Rocky .Mountains will surprise the psorld by its productivity and by its !rapid accumulation of wealth. There {is no reasonable basis for skepticism as to the great future in store for both rural and urban communities on the plains. British Columbia has perhaps felt the depression and the war more se- verely than any other part of Canada. In Vancouver the real estate craze reached its most extravagant develop- iment and there has been a corres- {ponding reaction. Men, who counted 'themselves wealthy two years ago, i have lost their all if the loan com- panies care to close them out, and the story -of their misfortune is noth- ing short of tragical. .It is felt, how- |.- : ever, thatthe worst is now being seen | of the collapse. Ome hears that Eng- | lish capital is already picking up bar- gains, and it must not be forgotten that the bottom cannot fall out of a Province 'which Sir Edmund Walker once described as potentially the rich- est in Canada. Jts timber, its coal, its silver, gold, copper, zinc and iron deposits, its agricultural areas and its fisheries give it a. variety of resources perhaps not found within an area of | equal size anywhere else in the world. | The great bulk of these vast assets i still remain in possession of the Crown, and with the additional trans- portation facilities. furnished by 'the two new transcontinental railwaye. which have been completed across the mountains since the war began, the Pacific Coast Province must be re- garded as only beginning to "arrive." These railways render extensive new areas on the coast and in the interior readily accessible from the outside warld, and with the return of peace the development of the country should be materially accelerated, Hon. W. T. White has said that {nationally the Dominion is getting rich despite the war. The president of the Canadian Bank of Commerce has expressed the opinion that the year's field crops should mean general prosperity of a solid character. Ex- perts in agriculture declare that they will exceed in value the crops of any 'previous year by not less than $250,- , 000,000. If Canada stands the strain lof world-conflict so well, we are sure- {ly safe in predicting that when the ! people's energies are re-directed to ithe industries of peace we shall at- tain to new high levels of production. {Nor need the period of readjustment iat the close of the war be at all pro- 'longed if timely preparations ~ are made with a view to the fullest possi- {ble use of the great transportation 'and industrial machine with which {the country is already equipped. We i should secure a preferred share of the vast sums which will be spent on ma- terials for the rebuilding of Belgium and Northern France. A greatly in- creased "agricultural population is most urgently needed, and to the get- { ting. of this additional population the i Dominion and = Provincial Govern- ments must devote as much energy as they can spare from the prosecution of a war without a final and complete victory in which every other consid- eration is so negligible as to be scarcely worth a thought. Why the Price Was Low. A shabby man entered a small gen- eral store in-a Scotch village and ask- ed the owner, a genuine Scot who was known far and wide for his "pawky" humor, if he might have an empty soap box. ' "All right," said the shopkeeper, "ye can have one; but the price is twopence." irs} "Tuppence!" ejaculated the appli- cant. "That's too much money alto- gether. I can get them for less than that." : a. : "Less than twopence !'You're dream- ing, man," replied the other, who dis- liked nothing so much as-haggling. "Where can ye get them for less?" . "Down 'at your neighbor's, Tam- son's," was the rejoinder, : | "OH," replied the man behind the. counter, apparently much relieved; "no doubt ye would get them for less there, but I was never fool enough to leave my boxes outside on the pave- ment all night." : A vy id - not comix in as freely as in the days |. ed, raispayers have | disappeared, but thw.s ig little "dan- | tation facilities and, given a suffic| " ciently aggressive immigration and work along what thay know to be better than they are now using, | .| ment. same difficulty may be avoided, '| - WAR IN THE LAND OF THE AN RI CAIRO E G&G On the map above the Britt are shown. PT ay ~ Sus I ALEM, sh advance to Bagdad, and the Russian Drive on Teheran, It is reported that England and Russia are 'trying desperately to wall of soldiers"across. Persia in the hopes of stopping a German-Turko invasior of India. PER SIA > * "a N the Persian capital, neet and thus form a PLANNING FOR THE SEASON'S WORK. : 'By A. Pp. Marshal, At this time, when we have rounded up the product. of the season, and know to a large extent the result of our effort, no doubt many will be giv- Ing "considerable thought how to ré- peat in some cases and in others how to make desired improvement for the coming year. It is not too 'early to plan now, and 'it may be that the value of doing this early may bring a considerable increased profit because the breeder was ready to meet all necessities and had his work planned So as to bring the best results before it was too late. : Without some future definite objec- Uve it always seems as though very little 800d result would be possible. Whether it be to win some show that the breeder hag in mind or whether to produce something that will make better results pos<vi. i, the matter that only when that is done can the | best progress be expected. In many dairies where the only requirements of the cows is that they produce a large . amount of milk, records are '»}kept' to see: that all cows are keeping: above the average. Any falling De" low an average that is set as essen tial is sold at once and anothe: takes her place. In large manufacturing plants, when everything is running ir 2 k full swing, and all machinery goir~' the question arises if it Is Dot s°Jous loss of production to have Peor wvork: ers using machines that mizht rro- duce more with more skillel labor, Higher production then can wmly be secured by changing for better work. ers, It is just the sdme wit the hens. Birds that cannot be expected to bring better results than chers that may take their places shoul be removed for the others to bringthe bigger results possible with them Improvement sometimes involeg the introduction of some good pleg from some reliable breeder. Ha al, is working down his flock to the bes working units for his next season' efforts, and it pays well tc secure what may be wanted as early as pos- sible. It usually means a little bet- ter selection. If it is possible to give the breeder a good idea of what is while a bird might be better jerhay ° than another one of the sam¢ bre' of eggs or meai of to bring bigger profit in some vay or 'other, it seems quite clear thal unless some such ideal is ever in mu. the routine that must be continuously followed when it is plamed and worked out will kill the first interest: and make the work | so commonplace that it will be much | neglected and poor results secured | just as sure as griss is green. When we hear of men arranging so | that the growing chicks can ] 4.30 a.m., and of others giving an extra feed at 10 pm., surely we can | realize that such arrangements must | be due to a great ymbition to get re- | sults, and the working out of a plan | that will produce just a little better | than the man who will not take every | precaution that wil be helpful in se- curing the most possible. Heavy milking cattle are probably fed con- | siderably more than poor milkers, but | in a great many dairies it has com- pelled the owners fo insert an extra | milking, so as to take care of the! high production of the cows. Left to! their own sweet wil, these same ani- | mals would not produce half what | producing methods have developed a routine that brings very much in- creased. yearly returns. Many who have chickens coud very much im- prove their returns by giving the mat- ter just a little thoight, planning the positively | ] and by sticking t¢ sure producing | methods have a season that would be full 'of profitable reiurn and be a real satisfaction. When a photogripher develops a! picture he can tell jretty well why it! did not come up asit should, and the | experienced poultryman should be | able to see in a general way what has heen wrong . with the results if he has the breeders before him and the finished product. Of course it is not always so, but mwh may be indi- cated by what is available and what | can be seen in the breeders and in the product. If the birds have not grown well, it may be duc to the breeding stock,. the feeding, or the enyiron- | All of thest things may be! readily determined if the breeder uses any sort of judgment, and by plan- ning now doubtless a repetition of the There 4s 'one'thing that all can set- tle as 'advisable, and that is that 'only the~ very best hirds'for.the purpose for which they are bred be retained, and that any falling below the require- ments be sold or disposed of. This may seem a very.strict rule to follow, but anyone who has become accus- tomed to culling closely appreciates | - to wse in another flock on accor 4 his beima strong in points wher other flock was lacking. 'Naturally when a breeder gets an .order for e bird at a price, he sends the best valu? only had a little information, might? | have sent a more useful bird, strong' he can for the price paid, and if h in his customer's requirements. Ever time the buyer takes the breeder the gainer by it, for the breeder, ship- ping birds as he does, wants to please needed in birds, he can do better, for~. t this bird might be the best i Bh belief that, although part] A MAN WITH TWO FUNERALS. 'A Sad INistory That Began on the » Rhone Glacier. .In tle cemetery at Goschenen in Switzerland, a strange burial took. place at the end of the nineeenth eentury, "he coffin, a sw one, de- Sr ceo conned 'to gi € part of a human leg, + wuor,some_ shreds of clothing, and. one fine, -fifty centjmes.. of:Swisg money The unusual "ceremony was ithe cncluding chapter 'of 'a sad hig-: tory hat began on the Rhone glacier eigheen years before " I. the summer of 1882 the burgo- master of Goscheren and two friends. urdertook the ascent of the glacier; 211 three lost tir lives, and the bodies were ford a week later froz. en stiff. The Of the burgomaster was Stuck fs¢ In a crevasse, and in dragging it orth, the frozen right leg broke %€ a snapped icicle, and - fell into te blue depths of the fis- sure. Th Pocr mutilated body wag laid awa in ¥1€ cemetery with 1 every onor, fr th: mayor had been great- r loved ancrespected in his little corMuniry the pe ants say, "Seven years the dcier ZTOWS; Seven years ghe elts.»and in melting she honestly » Ying. i the mouth of her river all at has fallen down her icy, blue » iful, containe muah Hat is frie, 1:18 strange operaiion vi naJvurc; leg of the mayor of Goschenen e to light after eighteen years. boot was still on the foot; some s of clothing clung to the leg; even trifling sum of money in the un- tunate man's trousers . pocket 8 honestly returned by the glacier, be fed at | fully into his confidence he should belch keeps nothing not its own. After eighteen years the leg was fied beside its master. The tragic every buyer, and he can do this bet-:hos of its recovery robbed the oc- ter by sending just what the buyertrence of all absurdity. needs than by any other method. His best advertising is in satisfying his customers. SING "THREE BLIND MICE." Perhaps the objective may be somejp of Soldiers Who Lost Sight in show that means the chicks must be got 'out earlier than they have in the past years. Getting the breeders into Battle, . . 2 pe PEER Tove ieery J The following is an extract from first-class condition so they can pro-t letter of an Australian soldier duce fertile, hatchable eggs with lotsitten at of kick in them will be a big factor, and this must be given attention quite a long time before the eggs are needed. Green food and fresh air Equipment of the best kind is de- sirable, but if the breeders are not right the best equipment in the world will never produce what the breeder is looking for. : We might go on and enumerate a number of things that anyone who will consider the matter seriously could not help but think of, and they should be in a better position to see those matters that would particularly bear on their own particular case. The reason why so many keep right on making the same mistakes and get- ting the same unsatisfactory results year after year is because they do not really try to figure out cause and ef- | fact, as they could see it in their own individual cases, and which they could remedy better than anyone could sug- gest. If anyone who is really trying to make for improvement will hon- estly think the matter out, plan so far |' as they can, and try to outline their work, we feel sure it will develop a system that will be bound to hel¥ be- fore- the season is through. Missed Opportunity. Brown--I. should think = doctors would be even more tyrannical and autocratic than they are. ; ; Smith--Why so ?-, : ¢ = Brewn---Because all. their dealings are with people who are in no condi- tion to fight back. i i i . Heliopolis base camp, Gro, Egypt. 8 'Some is "the troops left Australia g vh the 'idea that they were going oa picnic. The wounded have en- they do, but the stuly of the very best play such a big part in this that it latened them, but they are now might not be out of place to point cut czy to get a crack at the wily Turk {that they must be both provided. for_yho from all accounts is wonder- (liberally if results are to be obtained. fiy wily, but a clean fighter. In fact, tl only case of atrocities I have pd of occurred where German of - irs were in command. Ill believe vthing almost of the Germans now. By heavens, but it makes one yud to see "the. wounded! Game? {me' is.inadequate. to convey the ect impression' of their conduct. In "one hospital ward are three m blinded for life. One 'afternoon t got on the third's -bed and the t sang 'Three Blind Miee; then oem nn - ne : Disappointed. in old Scotswoman, who at con- sirable personal inconvenience. had gee a good way to visit a friend who wi ill, learned on, her arrival that " "dn? hoo are ye the day, Mrs, Craw- for?" she enquired, in breathless anxety. "4h, I'm nearly well noo, . Graham." to Ey Lote welll" exclaimed the in? breghless visitor. "After me comin', x " sae ar to see ye, too! thank Plan Went Askew. «yay, Jack, why so sad?" sed the governor for $50 to po my tailor to-day and I received #e re eipted. bill." sled, 'Are we downhearted? Nol'"- . th alarming symptoms had. sub--