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THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1938 NEWS AND INFORMATION FOR THE BUSY FARMER (Furnished by the Ontario Department of Agriculture) Soil Deficiency Prof. G. N. Ruhnke told the Field Crop convention in Toronto tk many soils in Ontario were showing 'signs of mineral deficiency and this was reflected in the crops and live stock. Fertility is lost in the or- «dinary course of farming. It cannot be replaced by the manure alone and there is a demand for fertiliz- ers to bring back farms to full pro- ductive capacity. Before applying these commercial mixtures cessary to determine if drainage is required and to test for acidity. 'Where there is an acid condition lime is the remedy. In choosing a fentilizer a soil test is the best guide though tre crop history is al- so to be taken into consideration. Field Crop Convention Organizations of district associa- tions to promote the growing of better seed in Ontario was urged by Alex. 'M. Stewart, president of the Field Crop 'Association at the an- nual meeting in Toronto. [With tne province divided into zones the par- ticular problems of soil and climate could be studied by local groups. Representatives from these groups could then «discuss at the general convention the larger problems of sale and distribution of seed. It was decided to ask for greater financial aid to carry out experimental work. One of the matters demanding at- tention is a method of controlling seedborme diseases. Dr. G. P. McRostie crop testing program which had 'been proposed a year ago and on which some progress has been made Based on soil surveys made in Wes- 'tern Ontario and the counties be- tween Toronto and Kingston a num- ber of zoneshave been marked off. Atttention has been given to differ- outlined the 1 ences of climate so that some uni- formity of conditions in each zone can be depended upon. The corn growing area of FEssex and Kent and the Niagara fruit belt are strik- ing examples of erops adoptad to 'certain areas. Dr. McRostie thinks there is a possibility of producing turnip seed in a strip of land bor- dering on Lake Huron and Georgian ay where conditions are similar to 'those in Nova Scotia. that | on the thousands of tests conducted on small plots throughout Ontario. These have indicated in a general way the best yielding varieties. To get more accurate data twenty-five larger plots were tried last year by 'students of ithe Agricultural College. 'Results so far have been satisfac- tory and obtained at moderate cost. There were also fourteen supervised 'tests with fertilizers which cost about $30 each and were 85 per- it is ne-, cent, reliable. (Rust of oats has [become one of the major enemies of the grain grower in Eastern Canada. = There 'were heavy losses in the harvest cf 1937, some fields being reduced to ten bushels or less per acre. For- tunately there are a few varieties 'that are resisbant- to the disease which may show itself either on the stem or leaf. Dominion 'Cerealist of the Central Experimental Farm has collected re- sults of supervised tests on farms in Eatern Ontario and finds that the old varieties are susceptible and may have to be discarded, at least in 'areas where this disease is a con- 'trolling factor, and rust-free roots arown in their place. As rust, rather than taining good crops in many districts Dr. Newman has taken steps to map out the areas where the stems are attacked and where the leaf is af- fected. 'With this information it will be possible to recommend varie- ties that may be grown with rela- tive safety. How great a gain may result is seen in a 'case at Winches- ter where a variety resistant to leaf rust went 60 bushels to the acre while Victory only gave 8 bushels. At the Ottawa Experimental Farm it is planmed to drop Vietory for Vanguard and at the Kemptviile 'School, Erban is recommended. Even 'outside the districts affected with rust Lanark and Erban have given better results in yields than other 'sorts. Foi Spring wheat which is grown to a | limited extent in Eastern Canada, 'chiefly for poultry feed, also needs to be rust resistant. Huron and Mar- 'quis, so well known to Eastern far- mens, cannot be depended upon as Much dependence has been placed they are both susceptible to stem rust. fod : Memorandum Re. Radio Broadcasting The recent actions of the Cana- Hair --Broadeasting Céoporation (1) actively entering tire commercial network field and (2) recommend- ing an increased license fee from $2.00 to $2.50 in addition to also re- commending the licensing of duplic- ate sets and automobile radios, have focussed the attention of both the! Press and the Public on this Govern-' ment Body which is now definitely entering the comwercial field in competition to previously established commercial interests and it would in seem that now is the time to thor- oughly look into the entire situ- ation and decide on what lines to proceed for the future or, in the al- ternative, for the Government to make up its mind whether it is not now time to call a halt before the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation becomes the type of political and fi- nancial headache that te Canadian National Railway now is. The Aird Commission started the ball rolling with its recommenda- tions that radio in Canada should be nationalized somewhat along the | line of tte British Broadcasting Cor- | poration and recommended in its re-| port that the revenue for such Na-! tionalization should be derived from (1) a $3.00 license fee estimated to net something like Two Million Dol- lars annually (2) a Million Dollar per year subsidy from the Public Treasury, and (3) approximately Seven Hundred Thousand Dollars! ver year for what they referred to! as sponsored programmes. Their | definition of a sponsored programme | being one that would merely carry the name of the sponsor but no other direct advertising. The $3.00 li- cemse fee did not seem to meet with popular approval, particularly in view of the fact that the best radio entertainment available for Cana- dians does, in fact, originate in the | United States where no license fee is charged at all. Financial condi- tions in Canada were in such a shape that the Government of the day did not see fit to grant them the Million Dollar annual subsidy and any hopes of getting Seven Hun- dred Thousand Dollars a year out of advertisers for merely the tely ridiculous. The therefore, started its activities with mention , of their name on the air is absolu- Commission ' foreign broadcasts, Canada. It might be interesting at this time to just pursue our thoughts along the various lines of action that may be open to the Government in 'directing its radio policy. Let us look first at the policy that was originally suggested by the Aird Conidmission, and to .which the pies- ent 'Canadian Broadcasting Corpora- tion seem to be, in part, directing its activities, that of complete Na- tionalization of all radio in Canada. At the present time there are some Eighty stations operating in the Dominion of Canada of which only Tight are either owned or operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Cor- poration. The balance of the radio service to the people of this country is still dependent on the Seveniy- three stations operated by private enterprise. What would be the capital investment to acquire these additional seventy-three stations and to bring their equipment into first-class shape, we are not in a rosition to estimate, but it would run into Millions. 'The 'Government of Canada would then find 'itself de- finitely in the radio business whe- ther it liked it or not and with an investment, while not comparable to the investment they have in the Ca- National Railways, still a very considerable investment fior the tax-payer to carry from now on. But that isn't anything like the whole story. It is presumed that, having acquired all of the stations which tne Corporation contemplates doing, they will then have to operate them on a 'purely National basis, provid- ing all ar most of the programmes to operate these stations from with- nadian in Canada's border, accepting only occasional programmes of Inter- national importance from various foreign sources, and possibly accept- mg some 'assistance in their service from the British Broadeasting Cor- poration. Such programmes as they accepted from the networks in the United States would, of course, have to be maid for. In the main, how- ever. the programme service on a Nationalized: Tasis mould have to originate, as it does in Great Bri- tain, practically all in ICanada. The situation, however, in Great Britain is comparatively simple: -- they have only one major language, (true a few 'broadcasts are put on in the Welsh tongue), they have no other countries around them that speak the same language, therefore there is little or no competition from they have no transmission wire problems on ac- a $2.00 license fee which, at the pre-; count of their very small area, their sent time, nets them in the neigh- bourhood of Two 'Million Dollars, they receive no other subsidy from the Public Treasury, but they do re- ceive some commercial revenue. not as vet up to the 'Seven Hundred Thousand Dollars that was suggest- ed, but it would be considerably in excess of Seven Hundred Thousand Dollars if the Corporation had the funds to buy out, and own and oper- ate, all of the Private Stations in population of [Forty-six [Million is concentrated into an area a fraction the size of Ontario, and all of their broadcasting time is on the same hour. What do we find, however, in ICanada:--we have two languages that have to be definitely catered to, the French population considerable percentage of ICanada's total population, wwe have Five time changes across our fast country, we have a small population of approxi- mately Eleven Millions, we have Thousands of Miles of transmission wires to provide in order to food Programmes. and we have several times the number of stations to erect and operate if twe are to pro- vide the same service Nationally to Canadian listeners as is provided by B.B.C. to British listeners. The difficult feature of the whole thing is that Canada's population merely forms a fringe on the North Dr. L.. H. Newman, | soil, seems ! 'to be ithe determining factor in ob- | occupying a No writing. No money orders. No bother. Just call or phone, 100% live delivery guaranteed. M. Rolland La Madelaine R. R. 1, ST. ONGE ONT. side of the International and in the United States there are some Eight Hundred stations opera- ting, having an output of power of some Two Million, Six Hundred 'Thousand 'Watts, so that every 1u- dio listener in Canada has the choi of several different Stations ed States there is an Annual expen- diture to-day of something like Two Hundred and [Fifty Million Dollars | | in radio entertainment 'competing | with whatever money 'we could | scrape up to spend here, so that it leads us to the conclusion that evan if we were to provide upwards of | Seventeen Million Dollars per an- num to completely Nationalize Cana- dian radio, the question of how mich 'Canadian audience the Nationalized system could retain would depend | entirely- on how (Canadian programs would compare with those produced | by [Private Enterprise in the coun- | trv to the South of us. Whether or ! not these programmes are carried over 'Canadian stations is immaterial because there is hardly any section of the country to-day i perfectly receive these | American programmes either by | Long or Short Wave. We contend, therefore, that to pursue this execlu- sively Nationalized policy to its gical conclusion will ultimately face the people of Canada with an An- nual Deficit which will compare in size to the Annual Deficit of the Canadian National Railways. What are the that the Government might adopt? The system that prevails in Aus- tralia, that of having two paraliel systems, (1) a chain of "A" Sta- tiuns operated by the on a National basis and free of ad- vertising, for which the Australians pay a license fee, (2) a further chain of "B" stations operated by commercial interests as an alterna- tive service, subsisting mainly on advertising revenue. Such a system night be successful in Canada, thus giving the listener an alternative choice of programmes. The plan outlined herein not preclude the trelling and regulating ALL stations in Canada, even to the point of taking them over, or ec.&& ing down in the event of a National Crisis developing. av ' would radio When you have a few minutes to spare don't bother someone who hasn't. One tiny fact will often upset a whole library of theory. boundary | which he may listen and in the Unit- | that cannot: high-class ; other alternatives Government | Government con- : TELEPHONE TALKS IN Temperance Column THAT ALCOHOL TEST (The following, ' as will be seen, is a letter sent to the |Attorney- General of Manitoba by the Good Templars of Manitoba.) Hon. W. J. Major, K.C., Winnipeg. Dear Mr. Major:--I have been { asked by my Grand Lodge Execu- | tive, 1.0.G.T., to bring this subject to ypur attention. : We are grateful to our magis- trates or the manmer in which they have conducted their duty, in hand- liny the drunken drivers. But is that enough? The canger on the road is on the last few yards, that a car travels in | ernergency, which produces the ac- | cident, and only too often it is the ALCCHOL that the driver has con- sumed that is responsible for those | last few yards being traversed at As Sir Lauder Bruntos puts it n Qi. | ¢ a . . . | "Paralysis of the judgment begins with the first glass." | Such responsibility, can only be £3 . C i fos) determined by a scientific test. The blood test perfected by a Swedish dector, and highly commended, by British experts is simple and con- clusive. Should the laboratory ex- amination of a drop or two of blood extracted from the lobe of tie ear or finger reveal that ALCOHOL is present in the proportion of one part in a thousand, the driver is definite- ly under its influence, and unfit to be in charge of a motor vehicle. If the proportion were one part in five hundred, he would be dead drunk. The following resolution on blcod test was passed at our last Grand Lodge session: "Impressed by the fact that the sustained propaganda for road safe- over the te Donnie was "MY DAD can talk farther than YOURS > When Donnie Watson's father greeted him THE WATSON FAMILY lephone from 500 miles away, impressed no end. He couldn't resist boasting a bit to his next-door neigh. bour and playmate. Whenever you're called out of town, do as ty hs ale Salley to reduce road | Bob Watson does -- telephone home. It ! fatalities and accidents, and grave- . : yO ly concerned at the seeming disre- brings peace of mind at a trifling cost. gard of drivers of the natural ef- : fects of ALCOHOL, that this confor- Reductions in telephone rates--local and long | ence requessys the executive to ar- distance -- in 1935, '36 and '37 have effected | range with the least possible delay savings to telephone users in Ontario and an influential deputation to wait up-- Quebec of nearly one million dollars yearly. on the authorities of the Province to urge the imperative need of de- | termining the responsibility of AL- i COHIOL for road casualties, by re- | quiring a scientific test for the -- | presence of ALCOHOL in tke no liquor may be mistaken for signs of intoxication. On the other hand this fact frequently comes up in court as an alibi for the guilty. The blood test is an unerring witness. It protects the innocent, and on the other hand it is a good lie detector." | Knowing your attitude towards keeping up law and order, I trust that you will be able to place this on the statute books of this good Province of ours. blcod, to be made in all cases where drivers are concerned in accidents involving injury to any person, or where their actions in drivine, give suspicion to the highway police. This method has been developed in Sweden, to acertain the amount of ALCOHOL in the blood, and hence the degree of intoxication of the subject. This test has been of- ficially adopted in Berlin, and has been used in Denmark, Switzerland, and Iceland, and is on-its way in Great Britain and the U.S.A. so that its accuracy has now wide con- i firmation. It is not the smell of liquor on man's breath, not even the amount of ALCOHOL he has con- sumed. [But the amount of ALCO- t HOL circulating in his blood at the time of the accident, that detz2r- mines his condition. Such a test is i valuable protection to the innocent. } | Geeasionally as a result of nervous-| for all sport fans in the fact that ' ness or shock following an accident, | more people die in bed than any- - the action of a driver who has taken | where else. \ | | WE'D BETTER BE CAREFUL (Winchester Press) A Toronto doctor said recently that "ninety per cent of the men. over 40 attending sporting eveats | are taking ia chance of dropping | dead of heart failure." This tusi- ness of keeping alive has certainly | 'developed into a complicated affair. However, there is some consolaiion the | | | | | too? | THE REAL REASON (Arnprior Chronicle) According to a mewspaper story @& secret was kept from two hundred women. 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