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National Duty in War From The Round Table. Iv. > London, Eng., Sept. 22.--This war is not merely England's war: it is the Empire's war. The Dominions are not sending troops merely to help the Motherland. They are sending them because they are no less determined: than we are to overthrow Prussian- ism, to liberate Belgium and France, and to secure the future of the Bri- tish commonwealth as a whole. We sometimes forget that the British commonwealth is one state, and that all its self-governing parts have an equal interest in its fortunes, an equal : title to share in its counsels, and an equal responsibility for its welfare. Even though our own constitutional machinery is defective, we must not blind ourselves to the fact that, so far as the issues of peace and war are concerned, the Imperial Govern- ment speaks for the Dominions as much as for the British Isles. They cannot shirk that responsibility by pleading the absence of adequate re- bresentative machinery--at any rate, if they have not availed themselves of the' machinery of consultation which already exists. Nor can the Domin- | ions, if they are to act as really self- governing communities, absolve them- selves of their responsibility both for the conduct of the war and for the terms of peace, by pleading that they have no means of controlling Imperial policy if, they on their side do not avail themselves of the constitutional machinery which already exists. 'The British commonwealth is one state comprising five nations. It is at war for its life. No practical man can doubt that the governing nations of which it is composed should keep in the closest touch both over the con- duct of the war and the negotiation of peace. No real co-operation is possible by letter or cable. Complete understanding can only be arrived at as the result of personal consultation' by responsible men meeting together at the same time round a common table. No such consultation has yet taken place. That in itself shows how little the communities of the Fm- pire have thrown their whole coliec- tive strength into the war. If they canrot>r *0 42 §eayed: © ~~ 'ence Liberty and Discipline. Having overthrown tyranny "i our own borders, and extende..the power of control over public policygon a wide franchise, we have grasped at the privileges of liberty and fow'=ot- ten its responsibilities. The doctgine of the liberty of the individual bs been preached to the point that helis often held to have the right to dis- obey any law of which he disap- proves. The duty of the citizen to serve the whole of the rest of the community has been overlaid by his Jloyalty to caste or class. The nature of the state--the foundation of all civilized life--is no longer understood. It has even been discredited through a shallow association with the Prus- sian perversion of the idea. In con- sequence the principle of service, of obedience to the law, which is the basis of the state, which alone can give unity, coherence and well-being' to a great community, 'has grown weak. Hence the state itself 'is weak selfless spirit which is its inspiration and its life. The greatest problem of democracy is to combine liberty with self-disci- pline. An autocratic State gives to its people organization, efficiency and power for any ends it may have in view, but at the terrible price of un- dermining the sense of responsibility in the community and of converting its members into blind and obedient servants of another's will. All Eu- rope is fighting the evils of the sys- | tem, where a narrow military and | aristocratic caste, inheriting the tra- ditions of Bismarck and Frederick the Great, worshipping dominion and power, regardless of honour, ruthless of human suffering, has organized the inhabitants of two great empires as the means by which they are to seize for themselves supreme power. There can be no peace for us until 'the attempt of tyranny to establish its power where liberty before has reigned has failed. Democracy suff- ers from the opposite danger. In its | distrust from autocratic power it i forgets 'that corporate discipline and individual service are as necessary to the healthy life of every com- munity of men as liberty .itself, and that when it has' overthrown the | hereditary authority which imposed | them it has to discipline and organ- lize itself. This war, in one of its | aspects, is a spiritual conflict between (liberty and tyranny, betweén the principle of right and justice as 'the foundation of international relations and the principle that might is right, in which truth is on our side; in another it is a contest between the idea that the primary duty of the citizen is to give loyal and unselfish service to the community of which he is a part and the idea that the primary right of the individual is to ignore his duty to the community if he chooses, in which truth is with the Germans. "How discipline and actiye service of the state is to be combined with democracy it is not the purpose of this article to suggest. It is manifest that we have hardly begun to solve the problem of creat- ing either the spirit or the machinery necessary to the full working of the principle of self-government. To destroy the power of a king and transfer it to an electorate is ob- viovsliefy Gredted to enable an auto- crat to control his subjedts is ob- viously not that which will best enable a community to govern itself. But these are questions which must be reserved till after the war. Meanwhile we can begin to cast the beam out of our own eye by building up the foundation on which all heal- thy democracy must rest--a strong sense of our responsibility as: citizens and of our duty to serve the com- munity of which we are a part. The chief difficulty in the way is not organization or even our enemy, but our reluctance to put pressure on our- selves. Once we have made up our minds to do that, the battle is half won.. For in grappling, thus man- fully with ourselves there will be born the spirit of unity and high courage which, once alive, will not_only carry 'us to victory. in this war, but which will 'be the 'sure foundation of a bet- ter world when peace is come once and unhealthy through. lack - of that 'more, MEANING OF THE WAR TO CHILDR ) Boole A HOW DO WE KNOW THAT WE Any Prayer Better. Than Nowe. "1% 1d cannot hurd Bhild to" sad od "save the King. Neither can it hurt ARE ON GOD'S SIDE. % x Wonderful Opportunity for, Parénts' to Teach Virtues of Honor, Duty and Sacrifice. "I would set leksons on the wars downright lessons with good marks and bad marks--in every nursery in the kingdom; and if a child of aver- age ability, at seven years K of age,. could not answer any of my questions, he should stand in the corner till he could," writes Mr. Stephen Paget in the Cornhill Magazine. "It is pitiful that a child should know more about William the Conqueror than -~about the King of the Belgians. To older children, from twelve to fifteen years of age, I would give, each term, an examination paper. Here are some questions for that purpose: "What has been the effect of the war on you and on your home? "Imagine that you have $50 to spend on the relief of suffering caus- ed by the war. How would you pro- ceed? : "It has been suggested that chil- > dren should say, as a grace, Thank | God and the British navy for my good dinner.' What significance, any, do you find in this form of words ? oe AE payee EE er + |i 4Describe and 'comment on if TT" any re- (cent cartoon in Punch. HET «or § 5 story ay "Write out any one true EN which you know by heart of the heroic spirit, of .our soldiers and' sail] ] ERE Pid 5 iit Fy RT "Any Prayer tter. Than None. a child, I think, to say God punish England.; We 'read of 'German schddl ichildien learning to say that; and I {am glad to think that it will harm' "neithér them 'hor' Ehgland. "How can it hurt a small child to repeat this over-advertised curse? After ali, it is, a_fornt 'of prayer; aiid almobt any fdrm of prayer; 'among children, is | better than nope. : Lig | "If 1 had to. choose between teach- nga 'child to pray God to punish his country's enemies in this war, and | teaching "a child to think of this war without any reference to God, I would | choose the former. Patriotism, at. its worst, is better for children than | atheism at its best. Besides, if these | flaxen-haired boys and girls do pray | God to punish England they doubtiess 'with equal fervor, pray Him to help | Germany; and the Name coming twice | on their lips, scores twice in their |heads. It is nonsense to say that the | children are too young to mention the | war to their Maker. If they are old enough to call His attention to mo- ther and daddy and Nan and pussy, they are old enough to pray on wider lines. | "I am inclined to advise parents not to encourage small children to play \Gen. Kvopatkin Resnred to Favor Russian Army leader disgraced for alleged incompetence in the Rus-! so-Japanese War, now said to be in command of Grenadier Corps. see an English ild pretending that he is a German and you can play at soldiers quite will without that. "To play at sddiers is to play at life; to play at yar is to play at pain and death. I do hot know that it can do them harm ft play at pain and death, but I do mt see that it can do them any good; ind, for this year it seems ill-suited for them. Let them dress up and maich to their hearts' content, but latdhem draw the line there. Best Way of Approach. "The name of the war, in the hearts of us who are grown up, is attended and encircled by other great names. Among these are honor, duty, cour- age, obedience," sacrifice, God. Through this great circle of names, one and all of them names of author- ity and of immemorial age, we must approach the central face of the war itself. If we were by ourselves we could find a hundred ways of approach but we are not by ourselves. "We have got children with us-- these big, impatient, inquisitive chil- dren hanging on to us, wanting to know what we think of the war. They drag us towards that central fact, and we must approach it hand-in-hand with them. And I believe that the best way of app: Name; because it is\already familiar to them, and it cannot be annulled by their most fantastical notions touch- ing their Maker. As it is past their understanding, so it is past ours, therefore it brings them and us level. "These older children, these clever boys and girls who think for them- selves, need to be told not what they can understand, but what they cannot understand, nor we either. I want them to get above the belief that the issues of war can be decided by mir- aculous interference, the belief in a tribal or national deity; I want them not to see .anything absurd in the same prayers and the same 'Te Deum' coming alike from our enemies and all this clearance, to attain perfect confidence that God is on the side of the allies. And the only question is: «Lan they? = i Are We on God's Side? : © #I.say that they: can. "It may 'help 'that he could not know for certain that God was on 'his side, but that he hoped he was on God's, side. That. is in in For headd. I would start from it, an Ii would 'begin right away with: the violation | of Belgium. I would compel them to see that*God, being dn the side ofsdecengy and «of honoris on the side of Bélgium, HAE a - "Belgium, Fr would 'say to the chil- dren, is sracifen etiam pro nobis. "She saved others, herself she could not save. , I wouldthang the story of Bel- Passion. p32 "If we begim here, with this great concept of the love in a man who lays down his fife for his friends, we shall help the dhildfen to admire the love wherever they find it, and to re- cognize it, whatever nationality. be put over the man's grave. I do not say that we can help them to under- stand the meaning, or the purpose, of pain and of death, or of the horrors of the war--we should be the blind lead- ing the blind--but I do say that a child who starts with the Divine Name, and with the Passion, will find himself on the right. lines, if the war brings death, or pain, or poverty, into the circle of his own home. It will not help him, then, to call the German Emperor a wicked man, or to hate Germany; he will feel the need of something more final than that. "We are a better lot of men and women than we were a year ago. This corner of the world, for many years, will be grand place to live a at the war. They may with advant- age play at soldiers; but I dislike to in, a good spiritual nursery for the children to play in, a wholesome ch when we have, them if we teil them, what Abraham | Lincoln said: of the American war-- the sort of tet which is able to stick gium straightdon to the story of. the: | school for them, where they may learn the graver virtues not as extras, but as regular lessons." we STONEHENGE AT AUCTION. Author Refers to It as the Second Wonder of England. Stonehenge, the most remarkable prehistoric monument of England, is included in the Amesbury Abbey estate in Wiltshire, which is to be sold, at auction this fall. The first British author to make unmistakable mention of Stonehenge is Henry of Huntingdon, who wrote in the twelfth century. He refers to it as the sec- ond wonder of England, and calls it Stanenfges, or "hanging stones." Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote of it about the same time, and so did the Welsh historian, Giraldus Cambrensis. The outer circle of thirty upright stones, which formerly stood fourteen feet above the ground, has a diameter of about one hundred feet, and within it, in a horseshoe curve, there origin- ally were five, or, as some think, seven - huge trilithons--a trilithon is two stone uprights carrying a lintel-- that from northeast to southwest rose progressively in height until they reached twenty-five feet above the ground. About one-half of the up- rights have fallen. While raising one of them in 1901, the workmen found numerous flint axe heads and large stone hammers at a depth of from two to three and one-half feet under- ground--a discovery: that goes to prove the great antiquity of the monument. Sir Norman Lockyer, who studied the orientation of Stone- henge, on the assumption that it has been set up as a solar temple, con- cluded that the date of its foundation was 1680 B.C. ; : Lal enow bre gd i Winter Afternoon Frock. The approach of cold weather 'not lar but increasingly appropriate and sensible. The high collar has a dig- nity about it that-is- pleasing, yet it lacks that rigidity and 'stiffness so patent in styles of the past. A mo- del which would make a most becom- from us; and I want them, through | 4 %y 'sooad + | ol Ss fe 'a 1 gl \ i iA Ww : Bn No. 9082. ? ing afternoon frock is-Ladies'-Home Journal' Pattern No. 9082, which con- sists of a waist with a back extend- Ang over the shoulder forming a shal- low yoke effect, while the deep front ybke has a standing collar' with ap- plied tucked sections, which are ex- tremely novel. The full-length sleéves are finished with a band and gireular cuffs. The three-piece gath- ered skirt is perforated for trimming sections, and is lengthened. by 4 bias hem. Cuts in sizes' 82 'to 42 inches, bust measure, size 36 requiring 4% 'yards 42-inch material with 27% yards 42-inch chiffon. Patterns, 15 cents each, can be pur- "chased at your lécal Ladies' Home Journal dealer, of from The Home Pattern Company; 183-A George St., Toronto, Ontario. : 4 g Shi "IE EJP Victoria's Wedding Shoes. The announcement offering' for sale the wedding shoes of Queen Victoria recalls the fact that Her Majesty was a keen collector of historical relics. At a sale-held in November, 1899, she commissioned a well-known dealer to secure for her a walking-stick carved to represent "Wisdom and Folly," once the property of Prince Charles Edward. The royal agent had carte blanche, and the stick was knocked down to him for £160. This was a monstrous price when we consider that shortly before the young Preten- der's dirk, with flint-lock pistol at- tached, realized only £3 15s.; whilst the great Rob Roy's claymore, made by Andrea Ferrara, with its shark's skin grip and all, went for £37 16s. At the Stuart Exhibition organized in London some twenty years ago a number of most interesting exhibits bd : came from Queen Victoria's collec- tion. ! only makes the high collar more popu-' From the Middle West BETWEEN ONTARIO AND BRI. TISH COLUMBIA. -- Items From Provinces Where Man[® Ontario Boys and Girls Are Living. : One-third of the Regina fire brigade are now with the colors. The Manitoba Agricultural College will have a record number of students tLis' winter. : Saskatchewan farmers set aside 5,000 acres on which to grow grain for patriotic purposes. The estimated loss in the operation of the Regina Street Railway system for 1915 amounts to $116,875. : Farmers in Saskatchewan are buy- ing much lumber for the purpose of building granaries to store their wheat. Miss Queenie Yuill, of Regina, has entered on a five-year course at the Manitoba Medical College for the degree of M.D. When the Alberta Legislature next meets it may amend the Election Act so that illiterates will be excluded from voting. 3 yi Rhoda Violet Williams, a 14-year- old North Battleford girl, has passed - her exams. as associate of the Lon- don College of Music. Convicted of a breach of thé-Sas- _ katchewan Sales of Liquor Act, a Regina bartender was fined $200 and | sent to jail for a month and a half. Coyotes have become so numerous in country. districts of: the Middle West that farmers are alarmed for the welfare of their smaller domestic 'animals. Stanley Fisher, an 8-year-old Win- nipeg boy, didn't know a gun was loaded, and shot and killed a com- panion in showing him what he would do to a German. . The Secretary of the Regina Bur- eau of Public Welfare, reports that a number of those assisted by the bureau last winter have paid back the amounts advanced to them. ~The director of prosecution, under the nei Saskatchewan Liquor Act, has issued 3 statement showing that there have heen 81 convictions for infraction of tt. 'get to date. Doctors of Regina anu «yeir friends have colected $1,423 during «., ast ¢ hewan wv wo weeks for the Sagat ord lf :the great munitions ow Cort a Hospital, "245 the gift. William Short, ex-Mayor of Ed- 'monton, said at a meeting of the Development League: "If we are to succeed in Edmonton we will have to sweep away municipal ownership." He declared that the city had become municipal-ownership mad. A report of the Saskatchewan De-~ partment of Agricultufe estimates the total yield of wheat in the pro- vince at 133,490,027 bushels, of oats at 113,884,821 bushels, of barley at 8,972,107 bushels, and of flax at 5,- 000,000 bushels approximately... . , ~- A Winnipeg firm had an old safe. which had not been opened for years, the combination being lost., It | was thought the safe contained noth- _ ing but old books. An expert opened the safe and found nearly $800, in_ " [good money inside, which had been ° entirely forgotten. Sas =, Going to: a fire,;a $300 orse, be- longing to" the Winnipeg: Eis partment, was killed whena fire truck colfided with a street car. The farmers of Saskatchewan will give the Government 100,000, bushels of wheat "as a patriotic "gift," The® wheat will be made into flour and sent to the Imperial Government. Homestead 843, as compared with the correspond- [ing period of last year. There weie. =' 2,945 fewer entries: in Saskatchewan, 3,002 fewer in Alberta, and 145 fewer in British Columbia." In Manitoba' the entries thissyear have_totalled: 2,- 350. as compared with, 2,092 last, year. . - ---- "MISTRESS; OF THE SEAS." ~ Senator Charles Humbert, who led campaign in France, and who has just concluded a visit to, Britain, publishes in his news- paper, Le Journal, an article highly eulogizing Britain's war machine. "Everybody knows," Le writes; "that the British Fleet was considerably superior to the German Fleet at the outbreak of the war, but what is not generally known i3 that the activity on naval construction of our excellent Ally in the past year has attained almost unimaginable proportions. The extraordinary reinforced British Fleet can laugh at its miserable enemy. We cannot too warmly congratulate Great Britain on refraining from resting content with her proud superiority. 'Mistress of the Seas,' she remains the supreme arbiter of peace. Her territory constitutes an inviolable re- doubt of European defence against German barbarism. From her im- pregnable rock will flow out a stream of armaments against which German obstinacy will wear itself down." nestead entries in. Western. Canada for the first seven months of 1915 totalled-10,279, a decrease bf-5,- Eh x a .